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语言学导论第05章练习及答案

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2021-01-29 04:05
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2021年1月29日发(作者:李某)


Semantics



?




I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.





synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and


American English but cannot be found within the variety itself



for example



within British


English or American English.





is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic


world


of


experience



while


the


reference


deals


with


the


inherent


meaning


of


the


linguistic


form.





forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.





semantics



meaning


of


language


is


considered


as


the


intrinsic


and


inherent


relation


to


the


physical world of experience.





is


based


on


the


presumption


that


one


can


derive


meaning


from


or


reduce


meaning


to


observable


contexts.





attempted to define the meaning of a language form as the situation in which the speaker


utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.





meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components.





languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according


to their degree of formality.





9.“it is hot.” is a no


-place predication because it contains no argument.





grammatical


analysis



the


sentence


is


taken


to


be


the


basic


unit



but


in


semantic


analysis


of a sentence



the basic unit is predication



which is the abstraction of the meaning of a


sentence.





II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.





can be defined as the study of meaning.





conceptualist view holds that there is no d______ link between a linguistic form and what


it refers to.





means what a linguistic form refers to in the real



physical world



it deals with the


relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.





that are close in meaning are called s________.





two words are identical in sound



but different in spelling and meaning



they are called


h__________.





opposites are pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two


items.





analysis is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning


components.





a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s________ restrictions




which are constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.





a________ is a logical participant in a predication



largely identical with the nominal


element

< p>


s



in a sentence.





to


the


n____


theory


of


meaning



the


words


in


a


language


are


taken


to


be


labels


of


the


objects


they stand for.





III.


There


are


four


choices


following


each


statement.


Mark


the


choice


that


can


best


complete


the statement.





21. The naming theory is advanced by ________.



A. Plato







C. Geoffrey Leech



B. Bloomfield



D. Firth





22. “We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.



A. the conceptualist view



C. the naming theory



B. contexutalism



D. behaviorism





23. Which of the following is not true



A. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.



B. Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form.



C. Sense is abstract and de-contextualized.



D. Sense is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in.





24. “Can I borrow your bike” _______ “You have a bike.”



A. is synonymous with



C. entails



B. is inconsistent with



D. presupposes





25. ___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning


components



called semantic features.



A. Predication analysis



C. Phonemic analysis



B. Componential analysis



D. Grammatical analysis





26. “alive” and “dead” are ______________.



A. gradable antonyms



C. complementary antonyms



B. relational opposites



D. None of the above





27.


_________


deals


with


the


relationship


between


the


linguistic


element


and


the


non-linguistic world of experience.



A. Reference









C. Semantics









B. Concept



D. Sense





28. ___________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same


form.



A. Polysemy



C. Homonymy



B. Synonymy



D. Hyponymy





that are close in meaning are called ______________.



A. homonyms



C. hyponyms



B. polysemy



D. synonyms





grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _______.



A. grammatical rules



B. selectional restrictions



C. semantic rules



?




IV. Define the following terms.



D. semantic features



31.


??????????????????


semantics



32.


??????????????????


sense



34.


??????????????????


synonymy



33.


??????????????????


reference




35.


??????????????????


polysemy




36.



??????????????????


homonymy



39.


??????????????????


complete


homonyms



37.


??????????????????


homophones



38.



??????????????????


Homographs



40.


??????????????????


hyponymy



41.


??????????????????


antonymy




42.



??????????????????


componential analysis



43.


??????????????????


grammatical


44.


??????????????????


predication



meaning



46.


??????????????????


predicate



47.


??????????????????


Two-place


predication





V. Answer the following questions.



45.


??????????????????


Argument





?





do


we


say


that


a


meaning


of


a


sentence


is


not


the


sum


total


of


the


meanings


of


all


its


components





is componential analysis Illustrate it with examples.





do you distinguish between entailment and presupposition in terms of truth values






do


you


account


for


such


sense


relations


between


sentences


as


synonymous


relation




inconsistent relation in terms of truth values





to the way synonyms differ



how many groups can we classify synonyms into Illustrate them


with examples.





are the major views concerning the study of meaning How they differ








Suggested Answers



?





I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.




?




II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.



11.


????


Semantics



12.


????


direct



13.


????


Reference



18.


????


14.


????


synonyms



15.


????


homophones












16.


????


Relational



17.


????


19.


????


argument



20.


????


naming


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-走私


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