-步长
Language learning begins with listening.
Individual children vary
greatly
in
the
amount
of
listening
they
do
after
they
start
speaking,
1.________and the late starters are
often long listeners. Most children will
they can speak, though the word obey is
hardly accurate like a discrption of the eager and
2._____delighted cooperation
usually
shown by the child. Before they can speak, many
children will ask questions in gesture and by
making 3._____
questioning noises. Any
attempt to trace the development from the noises
babies make to their first spoken words lead to
considerable 4._____ difficulties. It
is agree that they enjoy making noises, and that
during the first few months one or two
noise sort themselves out as 5.____
particular indicative of delight, distress,
sociability, and so on. But since 6.___ these can
be said to show the
baby
’
s intention to
communicate, they can 7._____ hardly be regarded
as early forms of language. It is
agreed, too, from 8.______ about three
months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and
that by six months they are able to
add
new sounds to their repertoire. This self-
imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of
sounds making or words spoken to
9.______ them by other people. The
problem then arises as to the point which one
10._____ can say that these imitation can
be considered as speech.
1. after -> before
根据上下文逻辑，此处显然指孩子
学会说话之前的听力，而非之后。
-> as
< br>like
和
as
都有“像”的意
思，但是此处要求填入一个具有“作为”之意的词，故将
like
改为
as
-> by
4. lead -> leads
此处句子的主语是上一行的
atte
mpt
，所以要用动词的第三人称形式。
-> noises
One or two
后修饰的名词按复数对待。
6. particular ->
particularly
修饰
形容词
indicative
应该使用副词
particularly
。
7. can be said -> can not
be said
8.
from
前加
that
it
是句子
的形式主语，而后面的
from about three
months they play with sounds for enjoyment
< br>才是真正的主语，
too
是插入语，由于是主语从句，故
引导词
that
不能省略。
9. making ->
made
此处指“发出的声音和
说的话”
，
sound
与
make
之间是被动关系。
10.
which
前加
at
定语从句的关系代词指代先行词
po
int
，可知从句中缺少的时状语，因此在
which
前加
at
。
A
“
ty
pical
”
British
family used to consist of mother, father and two
children, and in recent years there have been many
changes in family 1.____ life. Some of
these have been caused by new laws and other 2.
_____ are the result of changes in
society. For example, for the law 3.___
made easier to get a divorce, the number of
divorces has increased. 4. ______ In
fact,
one
marriage
in
every
three
now
end
in
divorce.
This
means
that
5.
______
there
are
a
lot
of
one-parent
families.
Society
is
now
more
tolerant
than
it
used
to
be
with
unmarried
people,
unmarried
couples
and
single
parents.
6._____
Another change has been caused by the
fact people are living longer 7. ____ nowadays,
and many old people lives alone
following the death of their partners.
As a cause of these changes in the pattern of
people
’
s lives, there 8.____
are many
families consist of only one
person or one person and children. .9._____ You
might think that marriage and the families are
not so popular as they once are.
However, the majority of divorced people marry
again and they 10._____ sometimes take
responsibility for a second family.
1. and -> but
根据上下文，此处应为转折关系
2. other ->
others
这里是
some
…
.others
的固定用法。
3. for -> since
for
和
since
< br>都可以表示“因为”
，但是
for
表示原因引导得从句一般放在句末，所以在此处不对
4. made -> made it
句子主语是
law
，位于是
made
，
easier
是宾语补足语，逻辑宾语是
eas
ier
后面的
to get a divorce
，可见此句缺少
形式宾语
it
。
5. end -> ends
主语
one marriage in every
three
是单数，故谓语动词也要用单数。
6. with -> of
形容词
t
olerant
后面只能用
of
。还原
原句为
Society is now more tolerant than it
used to be ( tolerant) of unmarried
people
。
7. the fact ->
the fact that
f
act
之后的部分是同位语从句，补充说明
fact
8. cause ->
result
s a
cause
of
意为“作为…的原因”
，
as a
result of
意为“作为…的结果”
，根据上下文语义，
应该用后者。
9. consist -> consisting
或
consist
前加
which
或
that
句子结构混乱。简单句中不能同时出现两个谓语动词。
-> were
There are many reasons for studying
what philosophers have said in the past. One is
that we cannot divide the history
of
philosophy 1.____ from which of science.
Philosophy is large discussion about matters
2.______ in which few people
are quite
certain, and those few hold opposite 3.______
opinions. As knowledge increases, philosophy buds
off the sciences.
For
example,
in
the
ancient
world
and
the
Middle
Ages
philosophers
discuss
motion.
Aristole
and
St.
Thomas
Aquinas
thought that a
4.______ move body would slow down unless a force
were constantly applied to it 5.____ They were
right. It
goes on moving unless
something slows it down. But 6.____ they had good
arguments on their side, and if we study these
and the experiments proved them right,
this will help us distinguish truth 7.____ from
false in the scientific controversies of
today. We also see how philosophers
reflects social life of his day. Plato and
Aristole, in the slave-owning society of ancient
Greece
，
thought man
’
s
high state 8._____ was contemplation rather than
activity. In the Middle Ages St. Thomas believed
a
regularly
feudal
system
of
nine
ranks
of
angels.
Herbert
9.______
Spencer,
in
the
time
of
free
competition
between
capitalists, found the key to progress
as the survival of the fittest. Thus Marxism is
seeing to fit into 10.___ its place as the
philosophy for the workers, the only
class with a future.
1. divide ->
separate
divide
的意思是“分开”
，用法为
divid
e into;separate
的意思是“分开”
，用法是<
/p>
separate from
。此句后面又介词
< br>from
，故要用
separate
。
-> that
此处并非任何从
句，而应使用代词指代上文的
history
，故用
that
，
which
没
有这种用法。
-> about
be
certain
后面只能用介
词
about
，此处是把这个代词提到了定语从句关系代词
which
的前面而已，故将
in
改
成
about
。<
/p>
4.
discuss -> discussed
此句的时间状语是
in the ancient world
and the Middle
Ages
，所以谓语用一般过去时。