MBA联考商务英语词汇补充

商务英语重点词汇补充

Business and businesses

商业和公司

A

business

,

company

, or

firm

is an organization that sells goods or services. A

business may also be referred to formally as a

concern

. Business is the

production, buying, and selling of goods and services.

A business may be referred to approvingly as an

enterprise

to emphasize its

adventurous, risk-taking qualities, and business in general may be referred to in

the same way, for example in combinations such as

free enterprise

and

private

enterprise

.

Business is also referred to as

commerce

. This word, and its related adjective

commercial

, are often used to distinguish the business sphere from other areas

such as government or the arts, or to distinguish it from nonmoney-making

activities.

注释：

Business

商业；生意；公司

Company

公司；商号

Firm (

合伙的

)

商号；商行

Concern

康采恩（垄断企业形式之

一）

Enterprise

企事业单位

Commerce

商业；

商务

Free Enterprise

自由企业

Commercial

商业的；商务的；商用

Private Enterprise

私人企业

的

From multinationals to small firms

从跨国公司到小型企业

Large companies are referred to as

corporations

, especially in the United States.

Corporate

is

used to describe things relating to a corporation, or to corporations in general, in expressions

like

the

ones

in

the

next

exercise.

Large

companies

operating

in

many

countries

are

multinationals

.

Big business

can refer to large business organizations or to any business activity that makes a

lot of money

. Small companies are referred to as

small businesses

or

small firms

.

Unlike some languages, English does not have an everyday term for

small and medium-sized

companies

, apart from this rather clumsy expression.

注释：

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Corporation

大公司；

股份有限公

Big business

大型企业；大公司

司

Small business

小公司

Small and medium sized companies

Corporate

法人；团体

Small firm

小公司

中小规模的公司

Multinational

跨国的；多国的

Industries and sectors

工业及其部门

Businesses may be classified according to which

industry

they are in: for example construction,

oil, banking, food.

Sector

is sometimes used to mean industry in the same way, particularly by specialists such as

financial journalists, but it is more often used to talk about different parts of the economy in

combinations

such

as

public

sector

and

private

sector

,

or

about

types

of

business

in

expressions like

service sector

and

manufacturing sector

.

注释：

Industry

工业；产业

Sector

部门；部分

Public sector

公共部门

Private sector

私营部门

manufacturing sector

制造部门

Service sector

服务部门

Public sector and private

公共部门和私营部门

When

a

private

company

is

bought

by

the

state

and

brought

into

the

public

sector,

it

is

nationalized

in a process of

nationalization

. A nationalized company is

state- owned

. When

the

state

returns

a

company

to

the

private

sector

in

a

sell-off

,

it

is

privatized

.

This

is

privatization

.

The first to be

sold off

in a privatization program are often the companies responsible for the

public supply of electricity

, water and gas: the

utilities

.

注释：

Nationalized

国有化的

Nationalization

国有化

Privatized

私有化的

Stakes

份额；股份

Privatization

私有化

State-owned

国有的

Sell off

廉价出清

Sell-off

廉价出售；抛售

Utilities

公用事业；公用事业部门

If Company A owns

shares

or

equity

in Company B, A has or

holds a stake

,

holding

or

shareholding

in B. If A owns less than half the shares in B, it has a

minority stake

in B.

If A owns more than half the shares in B, it has a

majority stake

or

controlling stake

in B. If

you have shares in a company you are a

shareholder

.

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注释：

Shares/stake

份额；股份

Shareholding

持有股票数

Equity

股份；产权；普通股票

Shareholder

股东

Holding

持有；股票额

Hold a stake

持有份额

Parents and sisters

母公司和姐妹公司

Majority stake

大股东（

50%

以上）< /p>

Controlling stake

大股东

Minority stake

小股东

A

holding

or

holding company

is one that holds stakes in one or more subsidiaries. If it owns

all the shares in a

subsidiary

, the subsidiary is a

wholly-owned

one.

A

holding

company's

relationship

to

its

subsidiaries

is

that

of

parent

company

,

and

the

subsidiaries relationship to each other is that of

sister companies

. A holding and its subsidiaries

form a

group

.

A

conglomerate

is

a

group

containing

a

lot

of

different

companies

in

different

businesses.

Journalists also refer to large groups as

giants

.

注释：

Holding company

控股公司

Parent company

母公司

Subsidiary

子公司

Sister company

姐妹公司

Wholly-owned

subsidiary

全资子公

Group

集团公司

司

Conglomerate

联合大企业

Giant

大企业；

企业巨人

（新闻用语）

Predators, raiders, and white knights

掠夺者、抢劫者和善意合作者

The takeover process is often described in terms of one animal hunting another: a company or

individual seeking to take over another company may be referred to as a

predator

, and the

target company as the

prey

. Predators are also referred to as

raiders

or

corporate raiders

.

A company wishing to resist,

ward off

, or

fend off

being taken over has a number of options. It

may

devise

plans

that

give

existing

shareholders

special

rights,

or

it

may

make

itself

less

attractive to bidders by selling off a valuable part of the company

, or holding on to an unattractive

one. Actions like these are

poison pills

.

Or it may persuade a friendly partner, a

white knight

, to take a stake in the company, thus

preventing a complete takeover by a hostile bidder. Bidders may agree to withdraw their bid if

paid enough money for the shares they hold in the target company

. This is

green mail

.

注释：

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Poison bill

Predator

掠夺者

(

恶意吞并其它企

毒药

(

公司通过给予股东某些特权、

或卖< /p>

Greenmail

绿函交易

业

)

掉部分有价值资产，

指兼并企业以增加股

Prey

猎物

(

被恶意并购的企业

)

不大的资产，

从而减少自己对并购公司

票价值为条件撤回自

Raider

掠夺者

(

恶意并购其它企业

)

的吸引力

)

己向标的企业投标的

Corporate raider

合伙掠夺者

交易。

White Knight

Fend off a bid

阻止收购

指购买公司部分股份以免遭 兼并企业

W

ard off a bid

阻止收购

完全兼并的善意和或者。

Leveraged buy-outs and junk bonds

杠杆收购和垃圾债券

In a

leveraged buyout

, or

LBO

, a company is acquired by a group of investors, often financed

by heavy borrowing. The debt is then paid out of the target company's operating revenues or by

selling its assets.

The borrowing involved in LBOs is often high- risk debt called

junk bonds

.

LBOs financed by junk were frequent in the 1980s and after an absence following the excesses

of that period, they are now occurring again.

注释：

Leveraged buy-out

杠杠收购

LBO = Leveraged buy-out

Junk bonds

高风险债券

Joint ventures and alliances

合资与联盟

Two or more companies may decide to work together by setting up a

joint venture

or

alliance

in which each holds a stake.

注释：

Joint venture

合资企业

Mergers

兼并

Alliance

企业联盟

When two companies combine, usually voluntarily

, they

merge

in a

merger

.

注释：

Mergers

兼并

Restructuring

企业重组

(1)

Merger

兼并

A group containing many types of business is

diversified

. A group's basic business activity,

perhaps the one it originally started with, is its

core business

. Separate business activities may

be viewed as

profit centers

, each responsible for generating profit.

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Businesses are often encouraged to concentrate or

focus

on their core activities and to

sell off

,

spin off,

or

dispose of

non-essential

assets

. These assets are often referred to as

non-core

assets

.

A sale of assets in this way is referred to as a

sell-off

,

spin-off

, or

disposal

. A

spin- off

can also

refer to a business that has been spun off.

注释：

Diversified

多样化；多角化

Core business

核心经营

Profit center

利润中心

Focus

集中经营

Assets

资产；基金

Spin off

剥离；拆分

Non-core assets

空心资本

Spin-off

剥离

Sell off

抛售

Dispose of

处理；变卖

Sell-off

抛售

Disposal

处理；变卖

Management buy-outs

管理层收购

When a group is restructured, the managers of a business that is to be sold off may want to buy

it themselves in a

management buy-out

or

MBO

, usually in combination with an organization

providing finance in the form of

venture capital

.

注释：

Management

buyout

=

管理层收购

V

enture capital

风险投资

MBO

Suits

套中人

（在文学作品中对经常穿套装 的商人、企业家等人的一种非正式而又带有轻微贬义的称呼）

People of all sorts work in business, and the terms

businessman

and

businesswoman

reflect

this, referring as they do to a wide range of individuals, from the rich and famous right through to

small company owners, from people in large organizations to those who work for themselves.

Businessmen and women are referred to together as businesspeople.

When supposedly more 'creative' types such as writers or actors deal with businesspeople, they

may refer to them, informally and slightly insultingly

, as

suits

.

Entrepreneurs and tycoons

企业家和金融巨头

An

entrepreneur

（企业家）

is usually someone who builds up a company from nothing: a

start-up

（新创）

company

.

Entrepreneurs may one day become

tycoons

（实 业界

/

金融界巨头）

,

magnates

（产业大王）

or

moguls

（工商巨擘）

: rich and successful people with power and influence who head big

organizations,

usually

ones

they

have

built

up

themselves

and

in

which

they

have

a

large

personal stake

.

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