考研英语完型真题翻译94-03复习进程

The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is

of

the

utmost

importance.

Proper

selection

will

eliminate

one

source

of

likely

breakdown

in

the

communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words

prevents

a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener.

The words used by the speaker may

stir up

unfavorable reactions in the listener

which

interfere with his

comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.

Moreover

inaccurate

or

indefinite

words

may

make

it

difficult

for

the

listener

to

understand

the

message

which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary

may be

unable

to explain or describe in a

way

that can be understood by his listeners.

41. [A] of

[B] at

[C] for

[D] on

42. [A] inaccessible

[B] timely

[C] likely

[D]invalid

43. [A] encourages

[B] prevents

[C] destroy

[D] offers

44. [A] pass out

[B] take away

[C] back up

[D] stir up

45. [A] who

[B] as

[C] which

[D] what

46. [A] Moreover

[B] However

[C] Preliminarily

[D] Unexpectedly

47. [A] that

[B] it

[C] so

[D] this

48. [A] speech

[B] sense

[C] message

[D] meaning

49. [A] obscure

[B] difficult

[C] impossible

[D] unable

50. [A] case

[B] means

[C] method

[D] way

译文

:

就语言而言

< br>,

可以讨论的首要的和最小的单位是词。说话时，选词是最重要的。适应的选词可 以消除交际过程

中可能出现的障碍。

用词粗心大意往往阻碍说话 人和听话人的思想交流。

说话人使用的词汇可能引起听话人的不利

反应，从而干扰其理解。因此，这发送

##

接受系统就会中断 。

此外，

词义不准确或不明确的词使 听话人难于听懂传递给他的信息。

说话人的常用词汇中如没有详细而精确词

的话，就不可能用听话人能理解的方式进行解释或描述。

Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer

periods

of

non- REM

sleep.

Neither

kind

of

sleep

is

at

all

well-understood,

but

REM

sleep

is

assumed

to

serve

some

restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious. The new experiments, such as

those

described

for

the

first

time

at

a

recent

meeting

of

the

Society

for

Sleep

Research

in

Minneapolis,

suggest

fascinating explanations

for the purpose

of non-REM sleep.

For example, it has long been known that total sleep

deprivation is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examination of

the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why the animals die.

The

rats

develop

bacterial

infections

of

the

blood,

as

if

immune

systems

—

the

self-protecting

mechanism

against

diseases

—

had crashed.

41. [A] Either

[B]Neither

[C] Each

[D] Any

42. [A] intended

[B] required

[C] assumed

[D] inferred

43. [A]subtle

[B] obvious

[C] mysterious

[D] doubtful

44. [A] maintained

[B] described

[C] settled

[D] afforded

45. [A] in the light

[B] by virtue

[C] with the exception

[D] for the purpose

46. [A] reduction

[B] destruction

[C] deprivation

[D] restriction

47. [A] upon

[B] by

[C] through

[D] with

48. [A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of

[C] laid emphasis on

[D] cast light on

49. [A] develop

[B] produce

[C] stimulate

[D] induce

50. [A] if

[B]as if

[C] only if

[D] if only

译文：

睡眠通常被分为所谓的“快动 眼”睡眠阶段（

REM=rapid eye movement

）和较多长的非快睡眠。前者特点为眼

球快速转动并做梦。我们对两种形式的睡眠了解 都不多，但是人们假设

REM

睡眠对大脑起羊某种康复功能。非 快

动眼睡眠起的作用更神秘。最近睡眠研究协会在明尼阿波利斯举行的会议上，专家们首 次描述的一些新实验，对眼

球非快速移动睡眠的作用的阐释令人着迷。

< br>

比如，人们早已了解到，完全剥夺其睡眠对老鼠具有

1 00%

的致命性，然而，在检查老鼠死尸时，这些动物看

上去完 全正常。一研究人员已阐明这些动物死亡原因的奥秘。老鼠患血液细菌感染，似乎他们的免疫系统——抵御

疾病的自我保护机制——已崩溃。

Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life

of animals, including man.

They

do

not

provide

energy,

nor

do

they

construct

or

build

any

part

of

the

body.

They

are

needed

for

transforming

foods

into

energy

and

body

maintenance.

There

are

thirteen

or

more

of

them,

and

if

any

is

missing

a

deficiency disease becomes

apparent .

Vitamins

are

similar

because

they

are

made

of

the

same

elements

—

usually

carbon,

hydrogen,

oxygen,

and

sometimes

nitrogen. They are different

in that

their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one

or more specific functions in the body.

Getting

enough

vitamins

is

essential

to

life,

although

the

body

has

no

nutritional

use

for

excess

vitamins.

Many

people, nevertheless, believe in being on the

“

safe side

”

and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will

usually meet all the body

’

s vitamin needs.

41. [A] either

[B] so

[C]nor

[D] never

42. [A] shifting

[B] transferring

[C] altering

[D] transforming

43. [A] any

[B] some

[C] anything

[D] something

44. [A] serious

[B] apparent

[C] severe

[D] fatal

45. [A] mostly

[B] partially

[C] sometimes

[D] rarely

46. [A] in that

[B]so that

[C] such that

[D] except that

47. [A]undertakes

[B] holds

[C] plays

[D] performs

48. [A] Supply

[B]Getting

[C] Providing

[D] Furnishing

49. [A]exceptional

[B]exceeding

[C] excess

[D] external

50. [A] nevertheless

[B] therefore

[C] moreover

[D] meanwhile

译文：

维生素是有机化合物，饮食中必须含有少量维生素以维持动物（包括人）的生存和生长。

它们不提供能量，也不构成身体的任何一部分，它们的任务是把食 物转变成能量和维持身体健康。至少有

13

种维生素，若缺其中 一种，缺乏症疾病便明显可见。

各种维生素都很相似，因为它 们由同样的元素构成，一般是碳、氢、氧，有时还有氮。它们的不同之处在于每

种维生素 内部的元素排列不同，并且每种维生素在人体内都有一种或多种特殊作用。

但吸收足够的维生素是必要的。

尽管如此，

有些人出于保险的想法，

还 是摄入过量的维生素。不过，均衡的饮食一般能够完全满足身体对维生素的需求。

1997

译文：

拥有雇员

56

万人之众的劳务公司，是世界上最大的临时就 业机构。每天早晨，公司的员工纷纷涌向美国的机

关和工厂，为拿到日工资而寻找一天的 工作。一次就一天了，因为一些工业巨头，如通用汽车公司的国际商用机器

公司都靠裁员 谋求生存，因此，总部设在威斯康星州密尔沃基市的劳务公司得以兴旺起来。