英语考研翻译真题及解析

2003

Human

beings

in

all

times

and

places

think

about

their

world

and

wonder

at

their

place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.

61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,

thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is

important

to

study

humans

in

all

their

richness

and

diversity

in

a

calm

and

systematic

manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to

a

more

harmonious

way

of

living

with

themselves

and

with

all

other

life

forms

on

this

planet Earth.

“Anthropology”

derives

from

the

Greek

words

anthropos

“human”

and

logos

“the

study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all human

kind.

Anthropology

is

one

of

the

social

sciences.

62)

Social

science

is

that

branch

of

intellectual

enquiry

which

seeks

to

study

humans

and

their

endeavors

in

the

same

reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the

study of natural phenomena.

Social

science

disciplines

include

geography,

economics,

political

science,

psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization

which lies particularly close to anthropology.

All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study

oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. 63)

The

emphasis

on

data

gathered

first-hand,

combined

with

a

cross-cultural

perspective

brought

to

the

analysis

of

cultures

past

and

present,

makes

this

study

a

unique

and

distinctly important social science.

Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s

formulation

of

the

concept

of

culture

was

one

of

the

great

intellectual

achievements

of

19th century science.

64) Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes

belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as

a member of society.”

This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new

way

of

perceiving

and

understanding

human

life.

Implicit

within

Tylor’s

definition

is

the

concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.

65)

Thus,

the

anthropological

concept

of

“culture,”

like

the

concept

of

“set”

in

mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete

research and understanding.

2003

一、试题总体分析

文章从人类学的起源入手，

指出对人类的研究是为了实现人类内部及人 类与地球上其他

生命和睦相处。

人类学这个词语来自希腊词根。

接着作者拿人类学和社会学做比，

指出前者

是后者的分支，

但却是一门独特且非常重要的社会科学。

最 后文章谈到，

人类学的核心是

“文

化” 这个抽象概念。

2003

年翻译试题难度适中，五个试题中第< /p>

4

题相对容易，第

1

题和第

5

题有一定难度，

第

2

题和第

3

题难度最 大。考查内容在语法方面有：较长的定语、

状语修饰

成分翻译时 多另起一句；

现在分词做状语及多重定语从句的译法；

修饰宾语 的定语从句的译

法和倒装结构的译法。

词汇方面有：