-务虚
【英语】高三英语阅读理解
(
社会文化
)
试题
(
有答案和解析
)
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1
．
阅读理解
The British live on a small island.
They are surrounded by thesea, so it is not
surprising that the
sea has always
played an important role intheir lives. After the
development of large, ocean-
going
sailing
ships
in
the
fifteenthcentury,
the
sea
became
even
more
important
to
the
country's
development.
Shipssetting
sail
from
England
determined
to
extend
Britain's
territories,
its
wealthand its knowledge of the world.
Ships returned to England bringing goods,
peopleand new
ideas from foreign
places. By the nineteenth century, Britain had the
largest,most powerful navy
in the
world.
The great sailing
ships were so much a part of British life thatthey
even affected the language.
Many
English
expressions
we
use
today
were
originallynautical
(
航海的
)terms,
although
most
people no longer realize this. For
example, people commonlydescribe an honest and
fair business
deal
as
being
board
Thisexpression
was
originally
used
in
sailing
ship
times
when
secretive, dishonest ship'sbusiness
would be carried out below decks (below the
boards) out of
public
the
other
hand,
honest
business
was
always
conducted
on
deck
(above
the
boards),in the open where everyone
could see what was going on.
down!
meaning
quiet!
is
anothercommon
expression
that
has
nautical
origins.
The ship's
boatswain (
水手长
) would blow a
whistle, or pipe, at theend of the day to indicate
(
表
明
) to the
sailors it was time to quieten down and go to
sleep.
Most native
English speakers have heard the expression
few know that the
isactually
a
short
form
of
of
nine
tails
—
a
whip
with
nine,
knotted(
打结的
)
tails.
A
boatswain needed a lot of spacein order
to swing the whip properly when lashing
(
鞭打
) a poor
sailor under his control!
（
1
）
The
British have been strongly influenced by the sea
because ________.
A. they occupied more land around the
world
B. they got more wealth
from the sea
C. they live on
an island surrounded by the sea
D.
they had the largest navy ever
（
2
）
If
someone is open and above board, it means he is
________.
A.
secretive
B.
honest
C.
cheerful
D.
dishonest
（
3
）
Which of the following is TRUE
according to the passage?
A. Sailors need to go to sleep when
they hear a whistle.
B.
Sailors will be whipped if they do business below
decks.
C. A poor sailor may
be whipped nine times a day.
D. There is no spare room to raise cats
on ships.
（
4
）
What is the main idea of the
passage?
A.
The business on British sailing ships.
B. The influence of British sailors'
language on English.
C. The
sailing history of England.
D. The sailing story of British
sailors.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（
2
）
B
（
3
）
A
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，英国作为一个岛国，四周环海，海洋在英国人的生
活中起着重要的作用。英国曾有着强
大的海军。一直以来，水手们经常使用的一些航海术
语丰富并影响着英语这门语言。
（
1
）考查细节
理解。根据第一段中的
“They are surrounded by the
sea, so it is not surprising
that the
sea
has always played an important role
in their lives.”
可知，英国被海洋环绕，海对英
国人的生活影响很大。故选
C
。
（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的
“…people
commonly
describe
an
honest
and
fair
business
deal
as
being
“above
boar
d”
可知，如果
”
一个诚实公正的人就
会被认为是
'above
board'”
。故选
B
。
（
3
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“The ship's boatswa
in
(
水手长
) would blow a whistle,
or
pipe, at the end of the day to
indicate (
表明
) to the sailors
it was time to quieten down and go to
s
leep.”
可知船上的水手长会在一天结束的时候吹口哨或吹笛子，向水手们表示应该
安静下
来睡觉了。故选
A
。
（
4
）考查主旨大意。
第一段介绍英国是一个受到海洋影响的国家，四周环海，航海在人们
的生活中起着重要的
作用。以此引入主题即水手们在航行时使用的一些航海术语对英语这
门语言所产生的影响
。故选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理
，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2
．
阅读理解
It is commonly believed that the
earliest Chinese paper-cutsappeared during the
sixth century.
Some
scholars
believe
it
was
even
has
it
that
during
the
Western
Han
Dynasty(206BC-AD24), Emperor Wudi
wasvery sad after one of his favorite concubines,
Madame
Li,
died.
A
Taoistpriest,
Li
Shaoweng,
cut
a
piece
of
hemp
paper
in
the
shape
of
Madame
Li.
Whenevening fell, the emperor's
servants lit candles in his bedroom; the
reflectionof that paper-
cut on the wall
made the emperor think about his
belovedconcubine.
The
Yuxian
paper-
cut
is
different
from
most
paper-
cutsproduced
in
other
regions
of
China.
Paper-cuts
from
other
regions
are
mostlycut
with
scissors
or
knives
from
single-colored
paper,
such as red or blackpaper.
There are four major procedures to
making the Yuxianpaper-cut: First, sketch the
pattern on
the draft paper; second,
fasten thedraft to the paper to be cut; third, use
a knife to carve out the
pattern;
andfourth, dye (
染色
)the
paper-cut with various colors.
Precise cutting skills are needed
to make a piece of theYuxian paper-cut, which
highlights the
craft
maker's
artistic
taste
and
dyeingskills.
That
explains
the
following
saying:
successful
making
of aYuxian paper-cut is 30 percent dependent on
the maker's cutting skills, and 70percent
on the maker's dyeing
skills.
The
traditional
Yuxian
paper-cut
highlights
two
themes:flowers
and
characters
in
Chinese
operas.
The
paper-cut
is
particularly
knownfor
its
vivid
description
of
characters
in
various
traditional Chinese
October 2009, the art of Yuxian's paper-cut was
added to the list
ofIntangible
Cultural
Heritage
(
非
物
质
文
化
遗
产
)
established
by
UNESCO
(United
NationsEducational, Scientific, and
Cultural Organization).
（
1
）
The
first paragraph is actually about___________.
A. Emperor
Wudi's favorite concubine
B. the origins of Chinese paper-
cuts
C. the inventor of
Chinese paper-cut D. one of the
themes of Yuxian paper-cut
（
2
）
Which is the
most important skill of making paper-cut?
A. Drawing
skill.
B. Cutting
skill.
C. Dyeing
skill.
D. Carving
skill
（
3
）
According to the passage, the Yuxian
paper-cut is especially famous for its__________.
A. lively
images of characters in classic operas
B. traditional Chinese
operas
C. Chinese cultural
influence on operas D. advanced
cutting techniques
（
< br>4
）
What is the best title
for the passage?
A. The Earliest Chinese Legend
B. The Yuxian Paper-cut
Skills
C. Emperor Wudi's Sad
Story
D.
Chinese Yuxian Paper-cut
【答案
】
（
1
）
B<
/p>
（
2
）
C
（
3
）
A
（
4
）
D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了中国蔚县剪纸。
（
1
）考查段落大意。根据第一段可知，介绍了中国剪纸的起源。故选
B<
/p>
。
（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“The
successful
making
of
a
Yuxian
paper
-cut
is
30
percent dependent on the
maker's cutting skills, and 70 percent on the
maker's dyeing skills.”
蔚
县剪纸的
成功制作
30
%
取决于制作人的切割技巧，
70 <
/p>
%
取决于制作人的染色技巧。可知染
色技
巧对于剪纸最重要。故选
C
。
（
3
）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的
“The
paper
-cut
is
particularly
known
for
its
vivid
description of
characters in various traditional Chinese operas”<
/p>
剪纸以其对各种传统戏曲中人物
的生动描述而闻名。可知，选
A
。
（
4
）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了蔚县剪纸有四个主要
步骤。制作蔚县
剪纸需要精确的切割技巧，这突出了手工艺者的艺术品味和染色技巧。传
统蔚县剪纸突出
了两个主题
:
中国戏曲
中的花和人物。这些都是围绕着
“
中国蔚县剪纸
”
这个主题展开的。故
选
D<
/p>
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，段
落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同
时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3
．
阅读理解
Guess what former
Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, Facebook CEO
Mark Zuckerberg and
United States
president Donald Trump's granddaughter, Arabella
Kushner, have in common? They
both
study Chinese as a second language.
Although
Chinese
is
known
as
one
of
the
hardest
languages
to
learn,
a
lot
of
people
from
different backgrounds are studying it
with hopes of big benefits.
Nov 2 saw more than 120 people, coming from 105
countries, compete in the finals of the 12th
Zhengzhou, Henan province,
the finals was mainly made up of speech contests
and talent shows.
The contestants also
visited the Shaolin Temple, Longmen Grottoes and
other historical sites in
Henan.
While
reasons for learning Chinese were different, a
common one was interest in the country's
rich culture and rapid
development.
Raissa,
17,
from
the
Union
of
the
Comoros,
developed
a
strong
emotional
connection
with
China after her grandmother was cured
by doctors of the Chinese medical team in Africa
three
years ago. This led her to learn
Chinese at a local Confucius Institute.
Fascinated by Chinese culture, the
competitor has taken part in activities on
traditional Chinese
medicine and folk
arts during her first trip to China.
that I could cure patients like the
Chinese doctors did,
For
Fekete Marcell Zoltan, 17, from the Hungarian-
Chinese Bilingual School, studying Chinese
may secure him a future job as a
Hungarian diplomat(
外交官
) to
China.
high school, I would like to
further my studies in China,
Robert Davis, director of the
Chinese-language program in Chicago's public
school system, may
give you a hint.
the world.
（
1
）
Why
are Mark Zuckerberg and Arabella Kushner mentioned
in paragraph one?
show Chinese is popular.
introduce them to the
readers.
tell the readers
they love China.
stress the
importance of learning Chinese.
（
2
）
The
underlined word Fascinated in paragraph 6 can be
replaced by ______.
ted
ed
ted
iated
（
3
）
What is the common reason
for the competitors to learn Chinese?
's easy to
learn.
want to become a
doctor.
hope for a good job
after graduation.
have
interest in Chinese culture and rapid
development.
（
4
）
What is Robert Davis'
attitude to learning Chinese?
ul.
tive.
erent.
.
【答案】
（
1
）
A
（
2
）
A
（
3
）
D
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了汉语变得越来越受欢迎这一现象。
（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“They both study Chinese as a second language.
”
以及上
文可知，前澳大利亚的首相
K
evin Rudd,
脸谱
CEO Mark
Zuckerberg and
川普的孙女
Arabella
Kushner,
是为了突出他们都在学汉
语，从而表明汉语很流行，所以选
A
。
（
2
）考查
词义猜测。根据第六段中的
“
Fascinated
by
Chinese
culture,
the
competitor
has
taken part in act
ivities on
traditional Chinese medicine and folk arts during
her first trip to China.”
可知是由于被中国文化吸引，参
赛者参加各种有关中医以及民间艺术的活动，所以
fascinated
表示吸引，故选
A
。
（
3
）考查
细节理解。根据第四段
“While
reasons
for
learning
Chinese
were
different,
a
common one was interest in the
country's ric
h culture and rapid
development.”
可知这些参赛者
们学习汉语的共
同原因是他们对中国文化和发展感兴趣，所以选
D
。
（
4
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“Chinese
isn't
the
new
French.
It's
the
new
English,
which is widely used all over the
world.”
可知他认为汉语将会像英语一样在全世界广泛应用，
< br>所以他对学习汉语的态度是支持的，所以选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测
和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅
读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上
下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出
正确答案。
4
．
阅读理解
Music
is
an
international
language.
The
songs
that
are
sung
or
played
by
instruments
are
beautiful to all people
everywhere.
Popular
music
in
America
is
what
every
student
likes.
Students
carry
small
radios
with
earphones and listen to music before
class, after class and at lunch. Students with
cars buy large
speakers(
扬声器
)and
play the music loudly as they drive on the
street.
Adult drivers
listen to music on the car radio as they drive to
work. They also listen to the news
about sports, the weather, politics,
and activities of the American people. But most of
the radio
broadcast is
music.
Pop or popular
music singers make much money. They make a CD or
tape which radio stations
use in every
state. Once the popular singer is heard throughout
the country, young people buy his
or
her tapes. Some of the money from these tapes
comes to the singer. Wherever the singer goes,
all the young people want to meet him
or her. Now the singer has become a national
star.
Besides pop music,
there are two other kinds of music that is
important to Americans. One is
called
folk music. It tells stories about the common life
of Americans. The other is called western
or country music. This was started by
cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they
were
watching. Today, any music about
country life and the love between a country boy
and his girl is
called western or
country music.
Serious
music
for
the
concert
halls
is
called
classical
music.
Music
for
instruments
is
called
orchestra music, such
as the symphonies(
交响乐
)of
Beethoven. There is opera for singers, ballet
for dancers like the story of Liang
Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai in China.
（
1
）
In
what way can music be regarded as an international
language?
r
music is what everyone enjoys.
wonderful songs are popular with the
world people.
music is
played, it seems as if it were speaking to
us.
is too popular for
everyone to be able to play it.
（
2
）
What can
we know about music and people in America?
drivers listen to news as
well as music when they drive to work.
drivers never listen to music when
they drive to work.
t
drivers carry small radios with earphones when
they drive on the streets.
ts always listen to music before class,
in class and after class.
（<
/p>
3
）
Which of the
following statement is TRUE according to the
passage?
people
in America like popular music.
singers can get all the money from the
tapes.
Shanbo and Zhu
Yingtai is a kind of pop music in
China.
，
western or
country music is a little different from its
beginning.
（
4
）
What's the best title of the
passage?
ational
language.
in
America.
music.
listeners.
【答案】
（
1
）
B
（<
/p>
2
）
A
（
3
）
D
（
4
）
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，介绍了美国的几种音乐。
（
1
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
“Mu
sic
is
an
international
songs
that
are
sung or played by instruments are
beautiful to all people everywhere”
可知，音
乐是一种世界性
的语言，用乐器演唱或演奏的歌曲对世界各地的人们来说都是美丽的，因
此推断美妙的歌
曲深受世界人民的欢迎。故选
B
。
（
2
）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的
“Adult
drivers
listen
to
music
on
the
c
ar
radio
as
they
drive to
also listen to the news about
sports
，
the weather
，
politics
，
and
activities of
the
American <
/p>
people.”
可知，成年司机开车上班时听汽车收音机里的音
乐，他们还收听体育
新闻，天气，政治，和美国人民的活动。
A
项正确。其他三项描述都不正确。故选
A
。
（
3
）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的
“This
was
started
by
cowboys
who
w
ould
sing
at
night to the cows they
were
，
any music about
country life and the love between
a
country boy and his girl is called western or
country music.”
可知，如今的乡村音乐与过去是
不同的。当初它是牛仔唱给牛听的，但现在它是任何关于乡村生活或乡村青年爱情的音
乐。故选
D
。
（
4
）考查
主旨大意。从文中各段的描述看，本文主要讲的是美国的音乐种类。故选
B
。
【点评】本题考点涉
及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅
读，要求考生在捕捉
细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推
理，概括和归纳，从而
选出正确答案。
5
．
阅读理解
Now in 2019, jazz music
is an important part of Indianapolis' art culture.
Jazz clubs around the
city still host
concerts with local jazz musicians like Rob Dixon
and Joel Tucker. One of these clubs,
the Chatterbox Jazz Club, still has
live jazz seven nights a week.
But the real history of jazz in
Indy is much less simple. Along with the Avenue's
culture, jazz
music was gone from the
streets for many years.
Indiana
Avenue
was
the heart
of
a
neighborhood
along
the
White
River.
It
was
a
center
for
black music and live street music. The
wealthy avoided this area. So it became a place
that poorer
families, including many
African-American and immigrant
(
移民
) families, moved
to.
Jazz prospered in
the mix of American cultures around the Avenue in
the 1930s and 1940s. But
in the 1950s,
things changed. After the war, there were projects
to make the city beautiful and
build a
university nearby. Both of these seemed like good
changes. However, the new university
and buildings caused poorer families to
have to leave the area. This destroyed the Indiana
Avenue
community - and with it, its
jazz culture.
After many
years, Indianapolis remembered the value of its
arts and music culture. It began to
bring back lost cultures such as live
music on the Avenue. To do so, it began to make
new changes.
The changes included
repairing historic areas like the Avenue. Once
again, the high living costs in
these
historic arts areas pushed low-income families
out.
Today there are
several old-style jazz clubs where friends can
meet up to remember the past or
just
enjoy
a
summer
evening.
It
might
seem
at
first
that
jazz
is
alive
again,
but
there
is
a
sad
reality behind these
jazz clubs: Modern Indy jazz is only a shadow
(
影子
) of the lively culture
that
was once on Indiana
Avenue.
（
1
）
What does the author mainly want
to say in Paragraph 1?
clubs can make big money.
musicians often hold
concerts.
music is popular
in Indianapolis.
culture is
just part of Indianapolis' culture.
（
2
）
What
does the underlined word
eared quickly.
d
soon.
red soon.
ped well.
（
3
）
What did Indianapolis
do to bring back its lost culture?
rebuilt some old important
areas.
invited old jazz
musicians to sing in the city.
educated people about the value of
music culture.
settled low-
income families in the Indiana Avenue
community,
（
4
）
According to the passage, which
of the following about modern Indy jazz is true?
home culture is
gone.
styles are too
traditional.
shows the
sadness of the poor.
is no
longer a favorite of the young.
【答案】
（
1
）
C
（<
/p>
2
）
D
（
3
）
A
（
4
）
A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
，
2019
年爵士乐仍然是印第安纳波利斯艺术文化的重
要组成部分，但是它的本土文化消失了。
（
1
）考查段落大意。根据第一段中的
“Now
in
2019,
jazz
music
is
an
important
part
of
Indianapolis'
art
culture.”
现在到
了
2019
年，爵士乐是印第安纳波利斯艺术文化的重要组成<
/p>
部分。可知，第一段主要是介绍了爵士乐在印第安纳波利斯很受欢迎。故选
C
。
（
2
）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中中的
< br>“But
in
the
1950s,
things
changed….
However,
the
new university and
buildings caused poorer families to have to leave
the area. This destroyed the
Indiana
Avenue community -
and with it, its
jazz culture.”
但在
20
世纪
50
年代，情况发生了变
化。
……
然而，新的
大学和建筑使得贫困家庭不得不离开这个地区。这摧毁了印第安纳大
道社区，也随之
摧毁了它的爵士乐文化。可知，转折词
but
之后描述了爵士乐
的衰落，因
此推测出划线词
prospered
意为
“
兴盛、蓬勃发展
”
。故选
D
。
（
3
）考查
细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的
“It
began
to
bring
back
lost
cultures
such
as
live
music on the Avenue. To do so, it began
to make new changes. The changes included
repairing
historic
areas
like
the
Avenue.”
它开始带回失落的文化，比如大街上的现场音乐。为此，它
开始
做出新的改变。这些改变包括修复像
The
Avenue
这样的历史街区。可知，它重建了一
些旧的重要区域。故选
A
。
（
4
）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“It
might
seem
at
first
that
jazz
is
alive
again,
but
there
is a sad reality behind these jazz clubs: Modern
Indy jazz is only a shadow
(
影子
) of the
lively culture that was once on Indiana
Avenue. ”
乍一看，爵士乐似乎又活了起来，但在这些
爵士乐俱乐部背后却有一个可悲的现实
:
现代印地安那爵士乐只
是曾经活跃在印第安纳大道