剑桥雅思第一套阅读真题原文详细解析译文

剑桥雅思

6

第一套阅读

Passage 3

真题原文

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詳細解 析

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译文

:

READING PASSAGE 3

You

should

spend

about

20

minutes

on

Questions

27-40,

which

are

based

on

Reading

Passage 3 on the following pages.

Questions 27-32

Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G.

Choose

the

correct

heading

for

paragraphs

B-G

from

the

list

of

headings

below.

Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

i The reaction of the Inuit community to climate change

ii Understanding of climate change remains limited

iii Alternative sources of essential supplies

iv Respect for Inuit opinion grows

v A healthier choice of food

vi A difficult landscape

vii Negative effects on well-being

viii Alarm caused by unprecedented events in the Arctic

ix The benefits of an easier existence

Example Answer

Paragraph A viii

27

Paragraph B

28

Paragraph C

29

Paragraph D

30

Paragraph E

31

Paragraph F

32

Paragraph G

A

Unusual

incidents

are

being

reported

across

the

Arctic.

Inuit

families

going

off

on

snowmobiles

to

prepare

their

summer

hunting

camps

have

found

themselves

cut

off from home by a sea of mud, following early thaws. There are reports of igloos

losing

their

insulating

properties

as

the

snow

drips

and

refreezes,

of

lakes

draining

into

the

sea

as

permafrost

melts,

and

sea

ice

breaking

up

earlier

than

usual,

carrying

seals beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract

idea to most of us, but in the Arctic it is already having dramatic effects - if

summertime

ice

continues

to

shrink

at

its

present

rate,

the

Arctic

Ocean

could

soon

become

virtually

ice-free

in

summer.

The

knock-on

effects

are

likely

to

include

more

warming,

cloudier

skies,

increased

precipitation

and

higher

sea

levels.

Scientists

are increasingly keen to find out what's going

on because they consider

the Arctic

the 'canary in the mine' for global warming - a warning of what's in store for the

rest of the world.

B

For the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in precarious balance with

one

of

the

toughest

environments

on

earth.

Climate

change,

whatever

its

causes,

is

a

direct

threat

to

their

way

of

life.

Nobody

knows

the

Arctic

as

well

as

the

locals,

which

is

why

they

are

not

content

simply

to

stand

back

and

let

outside

experts

tell

them

what's

happening.

In

Canada,

where

the

Inuit

people

are

jealously

guarding

their

hard-won autonomy in the country's newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their

best

hope

of

survival

in

this

changing

environment

lies

in

combining

their

ancestral

knowledge with the best of modern science. This is a challenge in itself.

C

The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert that's covered with

snow for most of the year. Venture into this terrain and you get some idea of the

hardships

facing

anyone

who

calls

this

home.

Farming

is

out

of

the

question

and

nature

offers

meagre pickings.

Humans

first settled

in

the Arctic a

mere

4,500 years ago,

surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish. The environment tested them to the

limits:

sometimes

the

colonists

were

successful,

sometimes

they

failed

and

vanished.

But around a thousand years ago, one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted

to cope with the Arctic environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska,

bringing kayaks, sleds, dogs, pottery and iron tools. They are the ancestors of

today's Inuit people.

D

Life for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh. Nunavut is

million

square

kilometres

of

rock

and

ice,

and

a

handful

of

islands

around

the

North

Pole.

It's

currently

home

to

2,500

people,

all

but

a

handful

of

them

indigenous

Inuit.

Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the

territory's

28

isolated

communities,

but

they

still

rely

heavily

on

nature

to

provide

food and clothing.

Provisions

available

in

local

shops

have

to

be

flown

into

Nunavut

on

one

of

the

most costly air networks in the world, or brought by supply ship during the few

ice-free weeks of summer. It would cost a family around f7,000 a year to replace

meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat. Economic

opportunities

are

scarce,

and

for

many

people

state

benefits

are

their

only

income.

E

While

the

Inuit

may

not

actually

starve

if

hunting

and

trapping

are

curtailed

by

climate

change,

there

has

certainly

been

an

impact

on

people's

health.

Obesity,

heart disease and diabetes are beginning to appear in a people for whom these have

never before been problems. There has been a crisis of identity as the

traditional

skills

of

hunting,

trapping

and

preparing

skins

have

begun

to

disappear.

In

Nunavut's

'igloo and email' society, where adults who were born in igloos have children who

may never have been out on the land, there's a high incidence of depression.

F

With

so

much

at

stake,

the

Inuit

are

determined

to

play

a

key

role

in

teasing

out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic. Having survived there for

centuries,

they

believe

their

wealth

of

traditional

knowledge

is

vital

to

the

task.

And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom, increasingly referred

to as ‘lnuit Qaujimajatuqangit’, or IQ. ‘In the early days scientists ignored

us when they came up here to study anything. They just figured these people don't

know very much so we won't ask them,’ says John Amagoalik, an Inuit leader and

politician. 'But in recent years IQ has had much more credibility and weight.' In

fact

it

is

now

a

requirement

for

anyone

hoping

to

get

permission

to

do

research

that

they

consult

the

communities,

who

are

helping

to

set

the

research

agenda

to

reflect

their

most

important

concerns.

They

can

turn

down

applications

from

scientists

they

believe will work against their interests, or research projects that will impinge

too much on their daily lives and traditional activities.

G

Some scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge because the

occupation

of

the

Arctic

doesn't

go

back

far

enough.

Others,

however,

point

out

that

the

first

weather

stations

in

the

far

north

date

back

just

50

years.

There

are

still

huge

gaps

in

our

environmental

knowledge,

and

despite

the

scientific

onslaught,

many

predictions

are

no

more

than

best

guesses.

IQ

could

help

to

bridge

the

gap

and

resolve

the tremendous uncertainty about how much of what we're seeing is natural

capriciousness and how much is the consequence of human activity.

Questions 33-40

Complete the summary of paragraphs C and D below.

Choose

NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS

from paragraphs C and D for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 33-40 on your answer sheet.

If

you

visit

the

Canadian

Arctic,

you

immediately

appreciate

the

problems

faced

by people for whom this is home. It would clearly be impossible for the people to

engage

in

33....................

as

a

means

of

supporting

themselves.

For

thousands

of years they have had to rely on catching 34.................... and

35.................... as a means of sustenance.

The

harsh

surroundings

saw

many

who

tried

to

settle

there

pushed

to

their

limits,

although some were successful. The 36.................... people were an example

of

the

latter

and

for

them

the

environment

did

not

prove

unmanageable.

For

the

present

inhabitants,

life

continues

to

be

a

struggle.

The

territory

of

Nunavut

consists

of

little more than ice, rock and a few 37.................... In recent years, many

of them have been obliged to give up their 38.................... lifestyle, but

they

continue

to

depend

mainly

on

39....................

for

their

food

and

clothes.

40.................... produce is particularly expensive.

体裁

议论文

主题

气候变化与因纽特人

结构

A

段：概述北极罕见事件敲响警钟

B

段：因纽特人对于环境变化做出 的

反应

C

段：艰苦恶劣的自然条件

D

段：生活必需品来源的替代品

E

段：安逸生活的负面影响

F

段：因纽特人对于环境的建议逐渐被考虑和重视

G

段：人们对于环境的认识十分有限

A

段

incident

n.

事件

abstract

adj.

抽象的

snowmobile

n.

雪地汽车

shrink

v.

收缩

thaw

n.

融雪

ice-free

adj.

不冻的

igloo

n.

圆顶建筑

knock-on

adj.

连锁的

insulating

adj.

绝缘的

precipitation

n.

降水

permafrost

n.

永久冰冻

(

永久冻土，永久冻地

canary

n.

金丝雀

B

段

urgent

adj.

急迫的，紧要的，紧急的

hard-won

adj.

难得的，来之不易的

precarious

a.

不确定的；危险的

autonomy

n.

自治

.

自治权

threat

n.

威胁

lie in

在于

content

adj.

满足的

combine

v.

结合

stand back

退后

(

靠后站，不介入

)

ancestral

a.

祖先的，祖传的

C

段

vast

adj.

广阔的

vanish

v.

消失

polar

adj.

两极的，极地的

adapt to

适应

venture

v.

冒险

cope with

对付

(

应付，克服

)

terrain

n.

地带

Thule

n.

古人相信存在于世界北端的国家，极北之地

meagre

adj.

瘦的，不足的

exploit

v.

开发，开拓

kayak

n.(

爱斯基摩人用的< /p>

)

皮船

mammal

n.

哺乳动物

sled

n.

雪撬

D

段

descendant

n.

子孙，后代

rely on

依赖，依靠

harsh

adj.

艰苦的；苛刻的

provision

n.

供应品，必需品

indigenous

adj.

本土的

replace with

取代，以……代替

abandon

v.

放弃

scarce

adj.

缺乏的，不足的

nomadic

adj.

游牧的

E

段

curtail

v.

缩减，减少

identity

n.

身份；特性

obesity

n.

肥胖，肥大

depression

n.

沮丧，情绪低落；忧郁症

diabetes

n.

糖尿病

F

段

at stake

在危险中

(

处于成败关头

)

credibility

n.

可信性

tease out

梳理，挑出

consult

v.

商议；请教

vital

adj.

至关重要的；所必需的

agenda

n.

议程

wisdom

n.

明智的行为：智慧

impinge

v.

侵犯

G

段

occupation

n.

占有

tremendous

adj.

巨大的，惊人的

onslaught

n.

冲击

capriciousness

n.

任性；善变

prediction

n.

预言，预报

难句解析

1.

While

the

Inuit

may

not

actually

starve

if

hunting

and

trapping

are

curtailed

by climate change, there has certainly been an impact on people’s health

.

参考译文：

即使气候变化阻碍了狩猎和诱捕，

因纽特人 或许也不会真的挨饿受冻，

但气

候变化的确影响了人们的健康。

语言点：

(1)starve

：使饿死，饿得要死

a. to suffer or die because you do not have enough to eat

①

Thousands of people will starve if food doesn't reach the city.

如果食物到

不了城市，成千上 万的人将饿死。

②

They'll

either

die

from

the

cold

or

starve

to

death

(=die

from

lack

of

food).

他们不是冻死就是饿死。

b. be starving: to be very hungry

You must be starving!

你肯定饿了。

c.

starve

somebody/something

of

something:

to

not

give

something

that

is

needed

The schools are starved of funding.

学校需要资金。

(2)curtail

：缩减

to reduce or limit something

①

The new law will curtail police powers.

新法律将减弱警察的势力。

②

Budget cuts have drastically curtailed training pr ograms.

预算削减极大程度

地减少了培训项目。