-象牙
英美文学名词解释
Terms in English
Literature
ry
(
寓言
)
A tale in
verse or prose in which characters, actions, or
settings represent abstract ideas or moral
qualities.
寓言，讽喻
：一种文学、戏剧或绘画的艺术手法，其中人物和事件代表抽象的观点、原则或
支配力。
ration
(
头韵
)
Alliteration
is the repetition of the same initial consonant
sound within a line or a group of words.
头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复。
on
(
典故
)
A reference
to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work
that a writer expects the reader to
recognize and respond to.
典故
：作者对某些读者熟悉并能够作出反映的特定人物，地点，事件，文学作品的引用。
y
(
类比
)
A comparison
made between two things to show the similarities
between them.
类比：为了在两个事物之间找出差别而进行的比较。
5. Antagonist
(
反面主角
)
The
principal
character
in
opposition
to
the
protagonist
or
hero
or
heroine
of
a
narrative
or
drama.
反面主角：叙事文学或戏剧中与男女主人公或英
雄相对立的主要人物。
6.
Antithesis (
对仗
)
The balancing of two contrasting ideas,
words, or sentences.
对仗：两组相对的思想，言辞，词句的平衡。
7. Aphorism
(
警句
)
A concise,
pointed statement expressing a wise or clever
observation about life.
警句：蕴含关于人生真理的明智的看法的精练的语句。
8. Aside
(
旁白
)
A piece of
dialogue intended for the audience and supposedly
not heard by other actors on stage.
旁白：只说给观众而认为不会让台上其他演员听到的一段对话。
ophe
(
呼语
)
The direct
address of an absent or imaginary person or of a
personified abstraction, especially as
a digression in the course of a speech
or composition.
呼语：
直接称呼不在场或虚
构的人物或称呼拟人的事物，
尤指作为演讲或作文过程中的离题
话。
nce
(
类韵
)
The
repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially in
poetry.
类音，类韵：相同或相似元音的重复，尤其指在诗歌中的重复。
here
(
氛围
)
The
prevailing mood or feeling of a literary work.
12. Autobiography
(
自传
)
A person's
account of his or her own life.
13. Ballad (
民谣
)
A narrative poem, often of folk origin
and intended to be sung.
14. Ballad Stanza
(
民谣诗节
)
A type of
four-line stanza, the first and the third lines
have four stressed words or syllables; the
second and fourth lines have three
stresses.
15. Biography
(
传记
)
A detailed
account of a person's life written by another
person.
传记：由他人篆写的关于某人生平的详细记录。
Verse
(
无韵体诗
)
Verse
written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
17. Caesura (
休止
)
A break or pause in a line of poetry.
18. Canto
(
章
)
One of the
principal divisions of a long poem..
诗章：一首长诗的主要部分之一。
19. Caricature
(
夸张讽刺
)
The use of
exaggeration or distortion to make a figure appear
comic or ridiculous.
夸张讽刺：为了使文中的人物显得可笑而
使用的夸张或扭曲人物形象的手法。
20. Characterization
(
人物刻画
)
The means
by which a writer reveals the personality of a
character.
人物刻画：作者表现作品中人物性格的方法。
21. Classicism
(
古典主义
)
A movement
or tendency in art, literature, or music that
reflects the principles manifested in the
art of ancient Greece and Rome.
古典主义：一种在文学，艺术，音乐领域体现古代希腊，罗马风格的运动。
22. Climax
(
高潮
)
The point of
greatest intensity, interest, or suspense in a
narrative.
23. Comedy
(
喜剧
)
A
dramatic
work
that
is
often
humorous
or
satirical
in
tone
and
usually
contains
a
happy
resolution of the thematic conflict.
喜剧：轻松的和常有幽默感的或在调子上是讽刺的戏剧作品，常包括主题冲突的愉快解决
24. Conceit
(
奇想
)
A kind of
metaphor that makes a comparison between two
startlingly different things.
奇想：一种在截然不同的事物之间建立起的比喻。
25. Conflict
(
冲突
)
A struggle
between two opposing forces or characters in a
short story, novel, play, or narrative
poem.
冲突：故事，小说，戏剧中相对的力量和人物之间的对立。
26. Connotation
(
外延
)
All the
emotions and associations that a word or phrase
may arouse.
外延：包括单词字面意思之外的或被该词汇唤起的全部内涵的
意义。
27.
Consonance (
辅音韵
)
The repetition of consonants or a
consonant pattern, especially at the ends of
words.
辅音韵：辅音或辅音模式的重复，尤指位于词尾的。
28. Couplet
(
双韵体
)
A unit of
verse consisting of two successive lines, usually
rhyming and having the same meter and
often forming a complete thought or
syntactic unit.
双韵体：
包括两个相连的诗
行的一种诗的单位，
通常压韵并具有同样的格律，
经常组成一个
完整的意思和句法单位
29. Heroic couplet
(
英雄双韵体
)
A couplet
written in iambic pentameter is called a heroic
couplet.
英雄双韵体：五步抑扬格的双韵体称英雄双韵体。
30. Denotation
(
内涵
)
The literal
or dictionary meaning of a word.
直接意义：一个词的字面意义或词典意义。
31. Denouement
(
结局
)
The final
resolution or clarification of a dramatic or
narrative plot.
结局：戏剧或叙事场景的最后结果。
32. Diction
(
措辞
)
A writer's
choice and use of words in speech or writing,
particularly for clarity, effectiveness, and
precision.
措词：讲话或书写中，出于表述清晰，
言简意赅对词语的使用或选择。
33. Dissonance
(
不协和
)
A harsh or
disagreeable combination of sounds; discord.
34. Dramatic monologue
(
戏剧独白
)
A kind of
narrative poem in which one character speaks to
one or more listeners whose replies
are
not given in the poem.
35.
Elegy (
挽歌
)
A poem
or song composed especially as a lament for a
deceased person.
挽歌，挽诗：专门为悼念某一死者所写的诗或歌
.
36. Emblematic Image
(
象征
)
A verbal
picture of figure with a long tradition of moral
or religious meaning attached to it.
37. Epic (
史诗
)
An
extended
narrative
poem
in
elevated
or
dignified
language,
celebrating
the
feats
of
a
legendary or traditional hero.
< br>史诗：用严肃或庄重的语言写成的叙事长诗，歌颂传奇中或历史上英雄的丰功伟绩
38. Epigram
(
隽语
)
A concise,
clever, often paradoxical statement, susally in
the form of a poem.
隽语：一个简明，机智，常常似是而非的陈
述
,
经常以诗的形式出现
39. Epigraph (
引语
/
开场白
)
A motto or quotation at the beginning
of a literary composition, setting forth a theme.
引语：在一部文学作品开头的引言，警句，阐明主题
40. Epilogue (
结语
/
收场白
)
A short addition or concluding section
at the end of a literary work, often dealing with
the future
of its characters. Also
called In this sense, also called afterword
结语：文学作品结束时简短的附加或总结性章节，常常关于作
品人物的未来也作
在此意义
上也可称作
afterword.
41.
Epiphany(
顿悟
)
A
moment of illumination, usually occurrs at or near
the end of a work.
顿悟
:
对现实真谛的顿悟或洞察
,
通常出现在作品的结尾<
/p>
.
42.
Epitaph(
墓志铭
)
An
inscription on a tombstone or in a short poem in
memory of someone who has been dead.
墓志铭：刻于墓碑上用以怀念死者的碑铭
.
43. Epithet
(
表述词语
)
A term
used to characterize a person or
thing
。
表述词语：用来表示某人某物特性的一个表达。
44. Essay
(
散文
)
A
short
literary
composition
on
a
single
subject,
usually
presenting
the
personal
view
of
the
author.
散文：内容通常论及一个主题的短小文章，通常表达作者个人的观点
45. Exemplum
(
说教故事
)
A tale,
usually inserted into the text of a sermon, that
illustrates a moral principle.
说教故事
:
一种短小的体现某种道德原则的故事性文章，通常出现在布道文中。<
/p>
46. Fable
(
寓言
)
A brief
story that is told to present a moral, or
practical lesson.
寓言：一种体现某种道德观念或实用价值的说教性文章。
47. Farce
(
轻喜剧
)
A kind of
comedy based on a ridiculous situation, often with
stereotyped characters.
轻喜剧
:
一种以可笑的情节的为基础的喜剧，通常包含固定的角色。
48. Figurative Language
(
象征性语言
)
Language
that is not intended to be interpreted in a
literal sense.
象征性语言：不能直接用字面意义来理解的语言。
49. Figure of Speech
(
比喻
)
A word or an
expression that is not meant to be interpreted in
literal sense.
比喻：不能直接按照字面意义理解的词语或表述方法。
50.
Flashback(
倒叙
)
A
literary device in which an earlier event is
inserted into a narrative.
倒叙，
闪回镜头：
一种文学或电影的表现手法，
往往在一段按正常
时间顺序记叙的叙事中插
入一件以前发生过的事情
51. Foil
(
陪衬
)
A character
who sets off another character by contrast.
陪衬：用来反衬其他人物的人物。
52. Foreshadowing
(
铺垫
)
The use of
hints or clues in a narrative to suggest what will
happen later.
铺垫：用来预示将要发生的事情的线索或暗示。
53. Free verse
(
自由诗体
)
Verses
that has neither a metrical pattern or an regular
pattern.
自由诗体
:
既不具
格式韵律又不具常规格律的诗体。
54. hyperbole
(
夸张法
)
A figure of
speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis
or effect
夸张法：一种比喻，使用夸张来强调或产生某种效果。
55. Iambic pentameter
(
五步抑扬格
)
A poetic
line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot
an iamb--that is, an unstressed syllable
followed by a stressed syllable.
五步抑扬格
:
一种诗句形式，每行诗句包含五个抑扬
格音步。
56.
Imagery(
意象
)
Words
or phrases that create pictures, or images, in
readers' mind.
意象：用来在读者的思维中唤起某种图示或形象的词汇。
57. Incremental repetition
(
递进重复
)
The
repetition of a previous line or lines, but with a
slight variation each time that advances the
narrative stanza by stanza.
递进重复：
诗歌中对上文中一行或几行的重复，
但每次重复都有一定的变化，
而且每一节的
重复中的叙
述都有所强化。
58.
Inversion (
倒装句
)
The technique of reversing, or
inverting the normal word order of a sentence.
倒装句：一种将句子正常的表达方法倒置的技巧。
59. Invocation
(
开篇祷告
)
A call to
a muse, god or spirit for inspiration at the
beginning of an epic or other poem.
开篇祷告：在史诗或诗歌的开篇企求神灵给予启示的文字。
60. Irony
(
反语
)
A
contrast
between
what
is
stated
and
what
is
really
meant,
or
between
what
is
expected
to
happen and what actually happened.
反语：一种建立在字面表述和真实意义上或期待产生的结果和真实的结果之间的对比。
g
(
隐喻语
)
A
figurative,
usually
compound
expression
used
in
place
of
a
name
or
noun,
especially
in
Old
English and Old Norse poetry. for
example, storm of swords is a kenning for battle.
隐喻语：
尤指古英语和古斯堪的纳维
亚语诗中，
一种比喻性的，
在表名字或名词时常用的复
合表达方式，如
剑的风暴
是
战争<
/p>
的隐喻语