-按
2016
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
管理类专业硕士联考
2016
年管理类专硕联考英语
(
二
< br>)
试题及详解
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Section
Ⅰ
Use of
English
Directions
：
Read
the following text. Choose the best word (s) for
each
numbered blank and mark A, B, C or
D on
ANSWER SHEET
1. (10
points)
Happy
people
work
differently.
They’re
more
productive,
more
creative,
and willing to take greater risks. And
new research suggest that happiness
might influence___1___firms work,
too.
Companies located in
places with happier people invest more, according
to a recent research paper.___2___,
firms in happy places spend more on R&D
(
research
and
developm
ent
).
That’s
because
happiness
is
linked
to
the
kind
of longer-term thinking
___3___ for making investments for the
future.
The
researchers
wanted
to
know
if
the
___4___
and
inclination
for
risk-taking
that
come
with
happiness
would
___5___the
way
companies
invested.
So they compared U.S. cities’ average
happiness
___6___by Gallup polling
with the investment activity of
publicly traded firms in those areas.
___7___
enough,
firms’
investment
and
R&D
intensity
were
correlated
with
the
happiness
of
the
area
in
which
they
were
___8___.But
is
it
really
happiness
that’s
linked
to
investment,
or
could
something
else
about
happier
cities
___9___why
firms
there
spend
more
on
R&D?
To
find
out,
the
researchers
controlled for
various ___10___that might make firms more likely
to invest
–
like size,
industry, and sales
–
and
for indicators that a place was
___11___to live in, like growth in
wages or population. The link between
happiness and investment generally
___12___even after accounting for these
things.
The
correlation
between
happiness
and
investment
was
particularly
strong
for younger firms, which the authors
___13___
to “less codified decision
making
process”
and
the
possible
presence
of
“younger
and
less
___14___managers who are more likely to
be influenced by sent
iment.” The
relationship
was
___15___stronger
in
places
where
happiness
was
spread
more
___16___.Firms
seem
to
invest
more
in
places
where
most
people
are
relatively
happy, rather
than in places with happiness
inequality.
___17___
this doesn’t prove
that ha
ppiness causes firms to invest
more
or to take a longer-term view, the
authors believe it at least ___18___at
that
possibility.
It’s
not
hard
to
imagine
that
local
culture
and
sentiment
would
help
___19___
how
executives
think
about
the
future.
“It
surely
s
eems
plausible
that
happy
people
would
be
more
forward-thinking
and
creative
and
___20___
R&D more than the
average,” said one researcher.
1. [A] why [B] where
[C] how [D] when
2.
[A] In return [B] In particular [C] In
contrast [D] In
conclusion
3. [A] sufficient [B] famous
[C] perfect [D] necessary
4. [A] individualism [B] modernism
[C] optimism [D] realism
5. [A] echo [B] miss
[C] spoil [D] change
6. [A] imagined [B] measured
[C] invented [D] assumed
7. [A] Sure [B] Odd
[C] Unfortunate [D] Often
8.
[A]
advertised
[B]
divided
[C]
overtaxed
[D]
headquartered
9.
[A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize
[D] emphasize
10. [A] stages
[B] factors [C] levels [D]
methods
11. [A] desirable
[B] sociable [C] reputable [D]
reliable
12. [A] resumed
[B] held [C]emerged [D]
broke
13. [A] attribute
[B] assign [C] transfer
[D]compare
14.
[A]
serious
[B]
civilized
[C]
ambitious
[D]experienced
15. [A] thus [B] instead
[C] also [D] never
16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly
[C] directly [D]
equally
17. [A]
After [B] Until [C] While
[D] Since
18. [A] arrives
[B] jumps [C] hints [D]
strikes
19. [A] shape
[B] rediscover [C] simplify [D]
share
20.
[A]
pray
for [B]
lean
towards [C]
give
away [D]
send
out
Section
Ⅱ
Reading
Comprehension
Part
A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer
the questions below each text by
choosing A
，
B, C,
or D. Mark your answers on
ANSWER
SHEET
1. (40 points)
Text 1
It's true that high-school coding
classes aren't essential for learning
computer science
in
college.
Students
without
experience
can
catch
up
after
a
few
introductory
courses,
said
Tom
Cortina,
the
assistant
dean
at
Carnegie
Mellon's School of Computer
Science.
However, Cortina said, early exposure
is beneficial. When younger kids
learn
computer science, they learn that it's not just a
confusing, endless
string
of
letters
and
numbers -
but
a
tool
to
build
apps,
or
create
artwork,
or test hypotheses.
It's not as hard for them to transform their
thought
processes
as
it
is
for
older
students.
Breaking
down
problems
into
bite-sized
chunks
and
using
code
to
solve
them
becomes
normal.
Giving
more
children
this
training
could
increase
the
number
of
people
interested
in
the
field
and
help
fill the jobs gap, Cortina
said.
Students also benefit from learning
something about coding before they
get
to college, where introductory computer-science
classes are packed to
the
brim,
which
can
drive
the
less-
experienced
or-determined
students
away.
The Flatiron
School, where people pay to learn programming,
started as
one of the many coding
bootcamps that's become popular for adults looking
for
a
career
change.
The
high-
schoolers
get
the
same
curriculum,
but
try
to
gear
lessons
toward
things
they're
interested
in,
said
Victoria
Friedman,
an instructor. For
instance, one of the apps the students are
developing
suggests movies based on
your mood.
The
students
in
the
Flatiron
class
probably
won't
drop
out
of
high
school
and build the next Facebook.
Programming languages have a quick turnover,
so
the
on
Rails
language
they
learned
may
not
even
be
relevant
by
the
time they enter the job market. But the
skills they learn - how to think
logically through a problem and
organize the results - apply to any coding
language, said Deborah Seehorn, an
education consultant for the state of
North Carolina.
Indeed, the Flatiron
students might not go into IT at all. But creating
a future army of coders is not the sole
purpose of the classes. These kids
are
going to
be
surrounded
by
computers-in
their
pockets ,in
their
offices,
in their homes -for
the rest of their lives, The younger they learn
how
computers think, how to coax the
machine into producing what they want -the
earlier they learn that they have the
power to do that -the better.
a
holds
that
early
exposure
to
computer
science
makes
it
easier
to _______
[A] complete future job
training
[B] remodel the way of
thinking
[C] formulate logical
hypotheses
[D] perfect artwork
production
delivering
lessons
for
high
-
schoolers
,
Flatiron
has
considered
their________
[A] experience
[B]
interest
[C] career prospects
[D] academic
backgrounds
h Seehorn believes that the skills
learned at Flatiron will
________
[A] help students learn
other computer languages
[B] have to be upgraded
when new technologies come
[C] need improving when
students look for jobs
[D] enable students to make
big quick money
ing to the last paragraph, Flatiron
students are expected to
______
[A] bring forth innovative
computer technologies
[B] stay longer in the
information technology industry
[C] become
better prepared for the digitalized
world
[D] compete with a future army of
programmers
word
[A] persuade
[B]
frighten
[C] misguide
[D] challenge
Text 2
Biologists
estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie
chickens---a
kind
of
bird
living
on
stretching
grasslands-once
lent
red
to
the
often
grey
landscape of the midwestern and
southwestern United States. But just some
22,000 birds remain today, occupying
about 16% of the species 'historic
range.
The
crash
was
a
major
reason
the
U.S.
Fish
and
Wildlife
Service
(USFWS)decided
to
formally
list
the
bird
as
threatened
.
lesser
prairie
chicken
is
in
a
desperate
situation
,
said
USFWS
Director
Daniel
Ashe.
Some
environmentalists, however, were
disappointed. They had pushed the agency
to
designate
the
bird
as
a
status
that
gives
federal
officials
greater
regulatory
power
to
crack
down
on
threats
.But
Ashe
and
others
argued
that
the
threatened
tag
gave
the
federal
government
flexibility
to
try
out
new,
potentially
less
confrontational
conservations
approaches.
In
particular,
they
called
for
forging
closer
collaborations
with
western
state
governments,
which
are
often
uneasy
with
federal
action.
and
with
the
private
landowners who control an estimated 95%
of the prairie chicken's habitat.
Under the plan,
for example, the agency said it would not
prosecute
landowner
or
businesses
that
unintentionally
kill,
harm,
or
disturb
the
bird,
as long
as they had signed a range-wide management plan to
restore prairie
chicken
habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the
states,
the plan requires
individuals and businesses that damage
habitat as part of their operations
to
pay
into
a
fund
to
replace
every
acre
destroyed
with
2
new
acres
of
suitable
habitat .The fund
will also be used to compensate landowners who set
aside
habitat
,
USFWS
also
set
an
interim
goal
of
restoring
prairie
chicken
populations
to
an
annual
average
of
67,000
birds
over
the
next
10
years
.And
it
gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife
Agencies (WAFWA), a
coalition of state
agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall,
the
idea
is
to
let
remain
in
the
driver
's
seat
for
managing
the
species,
Ashe
said.
Not
everyone
buys
the
win-win
rhetoric.
Some
Congress
members
are
trying
to
block the plan, and at least a dozen industry
groups, four states, and
three
environmental
groups
are
challenging
it
in
federal
court.
Not
surprisingly,
doesn't
go
far
enough.
federal
government
is
giving
responsibility
for
managing
the
bird
to
the
same
industries
that
are
pushing
it to extinction,
major
reason
for
listing
the
lesser
prairie
as
threatened
is____.
[A]its drastically
decreased population
[B]the underestimate of the
grassland acreage
[C]a desperate appeal from
some biologists
[D]the insistence of private
landowners
it_____.
[A]was a give-
in to governmental pressure
[B]would involve fewer
agencies in action
[C]granted less federal
regulatory power
[D]went against
conservation policies
can
be
learned
from
Paragraph3
that
unintentional
harm-doers
will
not be prosecuted if
they_____.
[A]agree to pay a sum for
compensation
[B]volunteer to set up an equally big
habitat
[C]offer to support the WAFWA
monitoring job
[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS
operations
ing
to
Ashe,
the
leading
role
in
managing
the
species
is______.
[A]the federal
government
[B]the wildlife agencies
[C]the
landowners
[D]the states
Lininger would most likely
support_______.
[A]industry groups
[B]the win-win
rhetoric
[C]environmental groups
[D]the plan
under challenge
Text
3
That everyone's too busy
these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint
is made especially mournfully: There's
never any time to read.
What
makes
the
problem
thornier
is
that
the
usual
time-
management
techniques don't seem
sufficient. The web's full of articles offering
tips
on
making
time
to
read:
up
TV
or
a
book
with
you
at
all
times.
But
in
my
experience,
using
such
methods
to
free
up
the
odd
30
minutes
doesn't
work. Sit down to
read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts
keeps
spinning-or
else
you're
so
exhausted
that
a
challenging
book's
the
last
thing
you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a
novelist and critic, writes,
overwhelmingly inclined toward
communication…It is not simply that one is
interrupted; it is that one is actually
inclined to interruption.
reading
requires not just time, but a special kind of time
which can't be
obtained merely by
becoming more efficient.
In fact,
time as
a resource to be maximised means you approach it
instrumentally,
judging
any
given
moment
as
well
spent
only
in
so
far
as
it
advances
progress
toward some goal.
Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being
willing
to risk inefficiency,
goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as
a
to-do
list
item
and
you'll
manage
only
goal-focused
reading-useful,
sometimes,
but not the most fulfilling kind.
empty
bottles
along
an
unstoppable
and
nearly
infinite
conveyor
belt,
writes
Gary
Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and
different-sized
bottles
(days,
hours,
minutes)
as
they
pass,
for
if
they
get
by
without
being
filled,
we
will
have
wasted
them.
No
mind-set
could
be
worse
for losing yourself in a
book.
So what does work? Perhaps
surprisingly, scheduling regular times for
reading. You'd think this might fuel
the efficiency mind-set, but in fact,
Eberle
notes,
such
ritualistic
behaviour
helps
us
outside
time's
flow
into
time.
You
could
limit
distractions
by
reading
only
physical
books,
or on single-purpose e-readers.
actually
work,
too-providing
you
dip
in
often
enough,
so
that
reading
becomes