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UNIT1
1
．
Why does the speaker urge people to be
patient?
Because he understands that the war is
long and tough. it is not to end in months but in
years.
he tells the people there that
however long the war last, the final victory
belongs to Britain. but
at the same
time he makes it clear that not everyday is an
opportunity to take action. they have
yet to wait and persevere.
2
．
why
does the speaker advise the
British
people to treat triumph and disaster in the
same way?
Because he thinks that both triumph and
disaster are deceptive in that people can make
things
out far worse than they really
are when they are in triumph.
what is
the change in the widespread mood referred to in
p5?
When Britain came under
the heavy air attacks by Germany .many other
nations thought that
Britain
was
finished.
As
the
country
stood
the
ordeal
to
their
great
surprise,
those
nations
changed their view.
3
．
why
does the speaker change darker into sterner?
Because he has a strong
conviction of victory. The 2terms have different
implications. when
used in the text to
refer to the days of war,
”
darker
days
”
emphasizes the
negative aspect of the
event and shows
the user
’
s
pessimism.
’
sterner
days
’
,though identical in
its reference ,suggests
optimism and
pride in having the chance to rise the challenge.
4
．
Do
you think the speaker had achieved his purpose by
the end of his speech?
Yes,
I do. By paying a visit to Harrow School and
making a speech there, Churchill not only
encouraged the
audience of
his
speech but
the
British people in
general to continue
to
fight
rather than surrender
to their enemy.
UNIT2
1. Why
does the writer describe his experience at the
bank?
Because
he wants to show the importance of personal space
in maintaining public order. If
one
’
s
personal
space
is
invaded,
he
may,
in
preserving
his
own
space,
break
into
others,
personal space. The chain action can
cause chaos in public order.
2. How is
the concept of personal space defined?
The author defines personal
space as one
’
s individual
sphere with the self at the center and a
certain
distance
on
each
side.
It
is
part
of
one
’
s
privacy,
the
invasion
of
which
necessarily
makes one
uneasy.
3.
what
is meant by
“
this
tendency
”
in p4? How does
the author think of its causes?
It refers to the phenomenon exemplified
in the previous paragraph, that is , the
escalation of
the
invasion
of
personal
space.
The
writer
used
to
think
this
was
caused
by
the
population
explosion via Malthusian logic. Summer
dress some people are more attractive. In
addition, he
suggests, in seriousness
or jest, the stimulating effect of caffeine
contributes to the escalation of
the
invasion of personal space too.
4. what
is the characteristic of personal space as
described in p5?
The writer mainly describes one
important characteristic of personal space:
personal space is
a relative
concept
；
People in different
regions have different concepts of personal space.
The
size
of
personal
space
varies
according
to
where
one
lives,
where
one
has
a
spread,
he
will
have a
more spacious concept of personal space than those
who do not have a large place of
their
own.
is personal space shrinking in
general?
Because
people
are
more
self-
absorbed
than
before.
In
other
words
they
are
paying
less
attention
to
the
outside
world,
including personal
space,
personal space in
effect
encourages
space invasion.
U3
1.
what is the
author
’
s viewpoint about the
benefit of the internet? What dose he see about
its negative side?
As
the
author
sees
it,
the
internet
is
most
likely
to
make
our
global
village
a
better
place
to
live
in.
it
provides
a
miraculous
forum
for
the
globalization
of
ideas,
which
contributes
to
the
realization
of
human
potential. Furthermore, it is a
powerful tool for the acquisition and application
of knowledge. The benefits of
the
internet, however, may be darkened by the negative
consequences. It may deprive the use of his time
for
necessary
interaction
with
other
society
members
so
that
the
whole
world
may
be
further
fragmented.
In
addition, there is a reasonable
likelihood that the internet presents too much
information, which gives the user a
skewed sense of reality by making him
cognitively overloaded.
2.
what
happened
to
the
author
’
s
friend
as
regards
the
internet?
What
negative
consequences did he see about it?
His friend was addicted to
the internet. He would spend even over 24 hours
non-stop on the internet so that he
had
to force himself to go off line. As he spent so
much time in cyberspace, his sense of reality
might have
been crooked. Moreover,
without any face-to-face verbal communication with
other people, he felt lonely and
depressed.
3.
what
alienated
society
members
before
the
internet
gained
popularity?
What
alienates
them in the
information age?
The
alienation of society members had begun long
before the internet
started to
be used
worldwide. After
World War 2,when the soldiers returned
from the battlefields, they devoted themselves to
“
progress
”
。
Large
quantities
of
cars
were
manufactured,
which
fed
the
creation
of
suburbs,
and
consequently
people
lived
far
apart
from each. The Internet, however, has added to the
problem and Internet addicts are far from rare. As
illustrated
by
the
example
of
the
author
’
s
nephew,
it
seems
to
be
an
irreversible
trend
that
more
and
more
people,
old
and
young,
are
becoming
addicted
to
the
Internet.
They
will
spend
many
hours
non-
stop
in
cyberspace rather
than with their families or friends. For lace of
communication, they are becoming strangers
to
other
people.
Therefore,
there
is
a
good
reason
to
believe
that
society
is
being
further
alienated
by
the
Internet.
4. what is meant
by the
“
cruel
irony
”
that appears in p4?
Means that the Internet
provides the user with a convenient means of
communicating and making friends with
people
far
apart
on
the
one
hand,
but
on
the
other,
it
estranges
the
user
from
the
people
around
him
by
canceling
his
availability
for
face-to-face
communication
even
with
his
families
and
close
friends
and
for
involvement in community
activities.
5. how, according to the
author, can the potential of the internet be
realized?
The potential of
the Internet as a powerful tool for globalizing
ideas and for acquiring and applying knowledge
can only be realized when user strikes
a balance between reality and the Internet.
Although the Internet makes
it
possible
for
the
user
to
debate,
shop,
travel
and
have
romance
in
cyberspace
without
leaving
home,
the
overuse of this tool probably results
in a distorted sense of reality. The only of this
tool without losing one
’
s
sense of place in the world.
U4
1. why is a view of
mountains provided by a picture so significant
that it was chosen as the
title of the
essay?
A view of mountains
in the distance rather than the wreckage is meant
to remind the viewer of
the city that
was leveled to ground by the atomic bomb and of
the normal life that would have
been
going on there. This is where the significance of
the picture lies.
are
Yamahata
’
s pictures still
news?
Because
it
was
the
first
time
that
Americans
had
ever
seen
the
pictures
since
the
atomic
bombing 50 years ago.
what
way is the bombing of Nagasaki the fitter symbol
of the nuclear danger?
The bombing of Nagasaki is regarded as
the fitter symbol of the nuclear peril in 2
respects.
First,
it
is
evidence
that
nuclear
weapons
can
be
used
again
to
destroy
human
civilization.
Second, the fact that Nagasaki had not
been the originally chosen target of the nuclear
attacks
in the future. That is, every
city in the world is liable to nuclear
destruction.
4. what is the universal
meaning of Yamahata
’
s
photos?
They were intended
to demonstrate the devastating power of nuclear
weapons and express an
apprehension of
the nuclear peril menacing the world.
5
do Yamahata
’
s pictures fully
express the author
’
s
intention of writing? Why or why not?
No, it only expresses part of it.
Because the writer intends not only to express his
apprehension
of
the
nuclear
threat
but
more
importantly,
to
call
on
the
people
to
take
actions
to
banish
forever nuclear weaponry from the
earth.
U5
1. what did the
woman think of the movie Girlfriends?
She
thought
it
was
a
trivial
movie,
particularly
with
regard
to
its
dull
plot.
At
the
same
time
she
found
it
gentle
and
affecting
on
the
grounds
that
the
movie
described
in
detail
the
characteristics
of
the
friendship
between 2 women.
’
did the woman say that the movie
camera had shifted its focus?
Because
in the past men were the exclusive images of
friendship depicted in movies and they were
presented
as
the
only
inheritors
of
a
primitive
capacity
for
friendship.
Women
,
on
the
other
hand,
were
portrayed
as
incapable of friendship, taking their
pleasure in making critical remarks about each
other. Nowadays, however,
female
friendship was becoming a fashionable theme of
movies, taking the place of male friendship.
3.
what,
according
to
the
woman,
is
the
subtle
distinction
between
male
and
female
friendship?
Male friendship is
established on the need for cooperation in the
activities that men are engaged in or in the
adverse situations they are confronted
with. In other words, without the need to do
things together, there would
probably
be no buddies at all, in contrast, female
friendship borders on love, the need for mutual
emotional
support, women friends desire
to be together as a result of spiritual
attachment, regardless of whether they are
involved in the same act or not.
does
it
show
about
how
men
and
women
establish
their
own
forms
of
friendship
following
different courses ?
Men
become buddies only when they have undergone
together competitive, adverse or dangerous
situations
like sports games and wars,
but women are not real friends unless they have
exchanged 3 loathsome secrets.
This
fact shows again that male friendship is activity-
oriented while female friendship is emotion-
rooted.
5. why was the woman shocked at
men
’
s description of
friendship?
Because what
men described as friendship was nothing of the
kind at all to the woman. As she saw it, when
two women see each other only once a
year, they cannot count as best friends; when 6.
Women do not call
each other long distance without a real
reason, they do not count as
intimates
’
and when 2 women
do not have
dinner together alone
without the company of their spouses, they do not
count as chums. But in such situations,
men can still describe themselves as
bosom friends.
U6
1.
Why does the writer hang
out the American national flag on July 4 though he
knows it
attracts little attention in
Paris?
For one thing, hanging out the
American flag is the only thing he can do in Paris
to celebrate
the Independence Day,
which is part of his national heritage. For
another, he wants to use this
opportunity to teach his children about
American history and as a reminder of their
American
identity.
2.
Why do the children seldom
mix languages up?
The
children
seldom
mix
languages
up
because
they
have
acquired
French
at
school
and
English through communication with
their English-speaking parents. And they seem to
know
when to use which.
3.
What does the writer think is the benefit of
raising children in a foreign culture?
The benefits of raising children in a
foreign culture, as the writer suggests, include
acquiring a
foreign language and
culture and staying away from the follies of the
native culture.
4. What impact does
globalization have upon the growth of children in
a foreign culture?
Globalization is like a double-edged
sword to the growth of children in a foreign
culture. On
the other
hand,
it
helps
to
reduce
the
differences between
the
foreign
culture
and the native
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