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MATLAB - The Language Of Technical
Computing
MATLAB is a high-level
language and interactive environment that enables
you to
perform computationally
intensive tasks faster than with traditional
programming
languages such as C, C++,
and Fortran. You can use MATLAB in a wide range of
applications, including signal and
image processing, communications, control design,
test and measurement
,
financial modeling and analysis, and
computational biology
. Add-
on
toolboxes (collections of special-
purpose MATLAB functions, available separately)
extend the MATLAB environment to solve
particular classes of problems in these
application areas. MATLAB provides a
number of features for documenting and
sharing your work. You can integrate
your MATLAB code with other languages and
applications, and distribute your
MATLAB algorithms and applications.
MATLAB has key featuers as follows:
（
1
）
High-
level language for technical
computing
（
2
）
Dev
elopment environment for managing code, files, and
data
（
3
）
Interactive tools for iterative exploration,
design, and problem solving
4
）
Mathematical functions for
linear algebra, statistics, Fourier analysis,
filtering,
optimization, and numerical
integration
（
5
）
2-D
and 3-D graphics functions for
visualizing data
（
6
）
Tools for building custom
graphical user interfaces
（
7
）
Functions for integrating MATLAB based
algorithms with external applications and
languages, such as C, C++, Fortran,
Java, COM, and Microsoft Excel
The
MATLAB language supports the vector and matrix
operations that are
fundamental to
engineering and scientific problems. It enables
fast development and
execution. With
the MATLAB language, you can program and develop
algorithms
faster than with traditional
languages because you do not need to perform low-
level
administrative tasks, such as
declaring variables, specifying data types, and
allocating
memory. In many cases,
MATLAB eliminates the nee
d for ‘for’
loops. As a result,
one line of MATLAB
code can often replace several lines of C or C++
code. At the
same time, MATLAB provides
all the features of a traditional programming
language,
including arithmetic
operators, flow control, data structures, data
types,
object-oriented
programming
(OOP), and
debugging features. MATLAB lets you execute
commands or
groups of commands one at a
time, without compiling and linking, enabling you
to
quickly iterate to the optimal
solution. For fast execution of heavy matrix and
vector
computations, MATLAB uses
processor-optimized libraries. For general-purpose
scalar computations, MATLAB generates
machine-code instructions using its JIT
(Just-In-Time) compilation technology.
This technology, which is available on most
platforms, provides execution speeds
that rival those of traditional programming
languages. MATLAB includes development
tools that help you implement your
algorithm efficiently. These include
the following:
MATLAB Editor
- Provides standard
editing and
debugging features, such as setting breakpoints
and single stepping.
M-Lint
Code Checker
- Analyzes your
code and recommends changes to improve its
performance and maintainability.
MATLAB Profiler
-
Records the time spent executing
each
line of code
.
Directory
Reports
- Scan all the files
in a directory and report on code
efficiency, file differences, file
dependencies, and code
coverage
。
You
can
use
the
interactive
tool
GUIDE
(Graphical
User
Interface
Development
Environment) to
lay out, design, and edit user interfaces. GUIDE
lets you include list
boxes,
pull-down
menus,
push
buttons,
radio
buttons,
and
sliders,
as
well
as
MATLAB
plots
and
ActiveX
controls.
Alternatively,
you
can
create
GUIs
programmatically using
MATLAB functions.
MATLAB supports the
entire data analysis process, from acquiring data
from external
devices and databases,
through preprocessing, visualization, and
numerical analysis,
to producing
presentation-quality output.
The
MATLAB
product
provides
interactive
tools
and
command-line
functions
for
data analysis
operations, including:
(1)Interpolating and decimating
(2)Extracting sections of
data, scaling, and averaging
(3)Thresholding and smoothing
(4)Correlation, Fourier
analysis, and filtering
(5)1-D peak, valley, and zero finding
(6)Basic statistics and
curve fitting
(7)Matrix
analysis
MATLAB is an
efficient platform for accessing data from files,
other applications,
databases, and
external devices. You can read data from popular
file formats, such as
Microsoft Excel;
ASCII text or binary files; image, sound, and
video files; and
scientific files, such
as HDF and HDF5. Low-level binary file I/O
functions let you
work with data files
in any format. Additional functions let you read
data from Web
pages and XML.
You can call other applications and
languages, such as C, C++, COM objects, DLLs,
Java, Fortran, and Microsoft Excel, and
access FTP sites and Web services. Using
the Database Toolbox?, you can also
access data from ODBC/JDBC
-compliant
databases.
You can acquire
data from hardware devices, such as your
computer
‘s serial port or
sound card. Using the
Data
Acquisition Toolbox?
, you can stream
live, measured
data directly into
MATLAB for analysis and visualization. The
Instrument Control
Toolbox?
(available
separately) enables communication with GPIB and
VXI
hardware.
All the
graphics features that are required to visualize
engineering and scientific data are available
in MATLAB?. These include 2-D and 3-D
plotting functions, 3-D volume visualization
functions,
tools
for
interactively
creating
plots,
and
the
ability
to
export
results
to
all
popular
graphics
formats.
You
can
customize
plots
by
adding
multiple
axes;
changing
line
colors
and
markers;
adding
annotation,
LaTEX
equations,
and
legends;
and
drawing
shapes.
You
can
visualize
vectors of data
with 2-D plotting functions that create:
(1)Line, area, bar, and pie
charts
(2)Direction and
velocity plots
(3)Histograms
(4)Polygons and surfaces
(5)Scatter/bubble plots
(6)Animations
The MATLAB product provides functions
for visualizing 2-D matrices, 3-D scalar,
and 3-D vector data. You can use these
functions to visualize and understand large,
often complex, multidimensional data.
You can specify plot characteristics, such as
camera viewing angle, perspective,
lighting effect, light source locations, and
transparency. 3-D plotting functions
include: Surface, contour, and mesh, Image
plots
，
Cone,
slice, stream, and isosurface.
MATLAB provides interactive tools for
designing and modifying graphics. From a
MATLAB figure window, you can perform
the following tasks:
(1)Drag and drop new data sets onto the
figure
(2)Change the
properties of any object on the figure
(3)Zoom, rotate, pan, and change camera
angle and lighting
(4)Add
annotations and data tips
(5)Draw shapes
(6)Generate a function that can be
reused with different data
MATLAB lets
you read and write common graphical and
data file formats, such as
GIF, JPEG,
BMP, EPS, TIFF, PNG, HDF, AVI, and PCX. As a
result, you can export
MATLAB
plots
to
other
applications,
such
as
Microsoft
Word
and
Microsoft
PowerPoint, or to desktop publishing
software. Before exporting, you can create and
apply style templates, covering
characteristics such as layout, font, and line
thickness,
to meet publication
specifications.
MATLAB contains
mathematical, statistical, and engineering
functions to support all
common
engineering and science operations. These
functions, developed by experts
in
mathematics, are the foundation of the MATLAB
language. The core math
functions use
the LAPACK and BLAS linear algebra subroutine
libraries and the
FFTW Discrete Fourier
Transform library. Because these processor-
dependent
libraries are optimized to
the different platforms that MATLAB supports, they
execute faster than the equivalent C or
C++ code.
MATLAB provides the following
types of functions for performing mathematical
operations and analyzing data:
(1)Matrix manipulation and
linear algebra
(2)Polynomials and interpolation
(3)Fourier analysis and
filtering
(4)Data analysis
and statistics
(5)Optimization and numerical
integration
(6)Ordinary
differential equations (ODEs)
(7)Partial differential equations
(PDEs)
(8)Sparse matrix
operations
MATLAB can perform
arithmetic on a wide range of data types,
including doubles,
singles, and
integers.
Add-on toolboxes (available
separately) provide specialized mathematical
computing
functions for areas including
signal processing, optimization, statistics,
symbolic math,
partial differential
equation solving, and curve fitting.
MATLAB provides a number of features
for documenting and sharing your work. You can
integrate your MATLAB code with other
languages and applications and deploy your MATLAB
algorithms and applications as stand-
alone programs or software modules.
The MATLAB product lets you export your
results as plots or as complete reports. You can
export
plots to all popular graphics
file formats and then import the plots into other
packages, such as
Microsoft
Word
or
Microsoft
PowerPoint.
Using
the
MATLAB
Editor,
you
can
automatically
publish your
MATLAB code in HTML, Word, LaTEX, and other
formats.
MATLAB provides functions for
integrating C and C++ code, Fortran code, COM
objects, and
Java code with your
applications. You can call DLLs, Java classes, and
ActiveX controls. Using
the MATLAB
engine library, you can also call MATLAB from C,
C++, or Fortran code.
You can create
your algorithm in MATLAB and distribute it to
other MATLAB users
directly as MATLAB
code. Using the
MATLAB
Compiler
(available separately), you
can deploy your algorithm, as a stand-
alone application or as a software module that
you include in your project, to users
who do not have MATLAB. Additional products
let you convert your algorithm into a
software module that is callable from COM or
Microsoft Excel.
Introduction to Simulink blocks
library
In
system
dynamic
simulation,
you
should
draw
the
simulation
system
block
diagram,and determine
the parameters needed by the simulation.
Simulink
The
module
library
contains
the
most
commonly
used
to
establish
a
system
block
diagram of the module, commonly used
modules are briefly described below.
1
、
continuous
（
1
）
Derivative
（
2
）
Integrator
（
3
）
State-Space
（
4
）
Transfer-Fcn
（
5
）
Transport Delay
（
6
）
Variable Transport Delay
（
7
）
Zero-Ploe
2
、
Discontinuous
（
1
）
Backlash
（
2
）
Coulomb&Viscous Friction
（
3
）
Dead Zone
（
4
）
Dead Zone Dynamic
（
5
）
Hit Crossing
（
6
）
Quantizer
（
7
）
Rate Limiter
（
8
）
Rate Limiter Dynamic
（
9
）
Relay
（
10
）
Saturation
（
11
）
Saturation Dynamic
（
12
）
Wrap To Zero
3
、
Discrete
（
1
）
Difference
（
2
）
Discrete Derivative
（
3
）
Discrete Filter
（
4
）
Discrete State-Space
（
5
）
Discrete Transfer Fcn
（
6
）
Discrete Zero-Pole
（
7
）
Discrete-Time Integrator
（
8
）
First-Order Hold
（
9
）
Integer Delay
（
10
）
Memory
（
11
）
Tapped Delay
（
12
）
Transfer Fcn First Order
（
13
）
Transfer Fcn Lead or Lag
（
14
）
Transfer Fcn Real Zero
（
15
）
Unit Delay
（
16
）
Weighted Moving Average
（
17
）
Zero-Order Hold
4
、
Logic and Bit
Operation
（
1
）
Bit Clear
（
2
）
Bit Set
（
3
）
Bitwise Operator
（
4
）
Combinatorial Logic
（
5
）
Compare To Constant
（
6
）
Compare To Zero
（
7
）
Detect Change
（
8
）
Detect Decrease
（
9
）
Detect Fall Negative
（
10
）
Detect Fall Nonpositive
（
11
）
Detect Increase
（
12
）
Detect Rise Nonnegative
（
13
）
Detect Rise Positive
（
14
）
Extract Bits
（
15
）
Interval Test
（
16
）
Interval Test Dynamic
（
17
）
Logical Operator
（
18
）
Relational Operator
（
19
）
Shift Arithmetic
5
、
Lookup Table
（
1
）
Cosine
（
2
）
Direct Lookup Table (n-D)
（
3
）
Interpolation (n-D) using PreLookup
（
4
）
Lookup Table
（
5
）
Lookup Table (2-D)
（
6
）
Lookup Table (n-D)
（
7
）
Lookup Table Dynamic
（
8
）
PreLookup Index Search
（
9
）
Sine
6
．
Math Operations
（
1
）
Abs
（
2
）
Add
（
3
）
Algebraic Constraint
（
4
）
Assignment
（
5
）
Bias
（
6
）
Complex to Magnitude-Angle
（
7
）
Complex to Real-Imag
（
8
）
Divide
（
9
）
Dot Product
（
10
）
Gain
（
11
）
Magnitude-Angle to Complex
（
12
）
Math Function
（
13
）
Matrix Concatenation
（
14
）
MinMax
（
15
）
MinMax Running Resettable
（
16
）
Polynomial
（
17
）
Product
（
18
）
Product of Elements
（
19
）
Real-Imag to Complex
（
20
）
Reshape
（
21
）
Rounding Function
（
22
）
Sign
（
23
）
Sine Wave Function
（
24
）
Slider Gain
（
25
）
Subtract
（
26
）
Sum
（
27
）
Sum of Elements
（
28
）
Trigonometric Function
（
29
）
Unary Minus
（
30
）
Weighted Sample Time Math
7
、
Model
Verification
（
1
）
Assertion
（
2
）
Check Discrete Gradient
（
3
）
Check Dynamic Gap
（
4
）
Check Dynamic Lower Bound
（
5
）
Check Dynamic Range
（
6
）
Check Dynamic Upper Bound
（
7
）
Check Input Resolution
（
8
）
Check Static Gap
（
9
）
Check Static Lower Bound
（
10
）
Check Static Range
（
11
）
Check Static Upper Bound
8
、
Model-Wide
Utilities
（
1
）
Block Support Table
（
2
）
DocBlock
（
3
）
Model Info
（
4
）
Timed-Based Linearization
（
5
）
Trigger-Based Linearization
9
、
Prot &
Subsystems
（
1
）
Configurable Subsystem
（
2
）
Atomic Subsystem
（
3
）
CodeReuseSubsystem
（
4
）
Enable
（
5
）
Enabled and Triggered Subsystem
（
6
）
Enabled Subsystem
（
7
）
For Iterator Subsystem
（
8
）
Function-Call Generator
（
9
）
Function-Call Subsystem
（
10
）
If
（
11
）
If Action Subsystem
（
12
）
In1
（
13
）
Model
（
14
）
Out1
（
15
）
Subsystem
（
16
）
Subsystem Examples
（
17
）
Switch Case
（
18
）
Switch Case Action Subsystem
（
19
）
Trigger
（
20
）
Triggered Subsystem
（
21
）
While Iterator Subsystem
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