restore一、副词的类型

一、

副词的类型

副词的类型

副词大体上可以分为下面几类：

时间副词

adverbs of time

地点副词

adverbs of time

方式副词

adverbs of manner

程度副词

adverbs of degree

强调副词

emphasizing adverbs

疑问副词

interrogative adverbs

连接副词

conjunctive adverbs

关系副词

relative adverbs

句子副词

sentence adverbs

其他副词

时间副词

时间副词有三类：

表示发生时间的副词：

I haven

’

t seen her recently.

It

’

s beginning to rain now.

常见的这类副词如：

ago, before, just now, last night, lately, later(on), now, recently,

so far, then, today, tomorrow, tonight, yesterday

表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词

（

adverbs of frequency

）

：

He visits me occasionally.

I rarely met him.

这类副词常见的有：

always, constantly, continually, continuously, ever, frequently, generally, hardly,

much, never, normally, occasionally, often, periodically, rarely, regularly,

repeatedly, seldom, sometimes, usually

还有一些其他表示时间的副词：

Nancy was up early.

He just had an operation.

常见的这类副词有：

already, early, finally, first, immediately, just, late, long, presently,

right away, shortly, since, soon, yet

地点副词

有不少表示地点的副词：

She is studying abroad.

They moved downtown.

abroad, ahead, anywhere, ashore, away, close (by) , downstairs, downtown, eastward, elsewhere,

everywhere,

halfway,

here,

home,

indoors,

nearby,

nextdoor,

northward,

nowhere,

offshore,

outdoors, overhead, overseas, somewhere, southward, there,

underground, upstairs, uptown, westward

还有一 些与介词同形的副词，有时称作副词小品词（

adverb particles

）

，如：

abroad, about, above, across, along, around, behind,

below, beneath, beyond, down,

in, inside,

near, off, on, out, outside, over, past, round, throughout, underneath, up

这类副词和介词同形，带宾语时为介词，否则为副词：

介词

副词

A cat climbed the tree.

Stand up.

He jumped off the horse.

The bird flew off.

Don

’

t stand so near the train.

He lived quite near.

还有另外一些地点副词，表示地区范围，如：

We have no shops locally.

The president

’

s speech was broadcast nationally.

常见的这类副词有：

globally, internationally, locally, nationally, universally, widely, worldwide

此外，以

where

构成的副词也很常用

:

Let

’

s go anywhere where it

’

s quiet.

He lives somewhere in the neighborhood.

The flowers are blooming everywhere.

方式副词

英语中有大量的方式副词，说明行为的方式：

He was obviously very nervous and for some minute stood awkwardly before the microphone.

The film vividly shows the stark realities of life for the poor and hungry.

下面是一些

-ly

结尾的这类副词：

abruptly, accurately, awkwardly, badly, beautifully, brightly, brilliantly, briskly, carefully, carelessly,

causally,

cheerfully,

closely,

clumsily,

comfortably,

consistently,

conveniently,

correctly,

dangerously, delicately, differently, distinctly, dramatically, effectively, efficiently, evenly, explicitly,

faintly, faithfully, fiercely, finely, firmly, fluently, formally, frankly, freely, gently, gracefully, hastily,

heavily,

honestly,

hurriedly,

intently,

meticulously,

neatly,

nicely,

oddly,

patiently,

peacefully,

peculiarly,

perfectly,

plainly,

pleasantly,

politely,

poorly,

professionally,

properly,

quietly,

rapidly,

readily, roughly, ruthlessly, securely, sensibly, sharply, silently, simply, smoothly, softly, splendidly,

steadily,

strangely,

subtly,

superbly,

swiftly,

systematically,

tenderly,

thoroughly,

thoughtfully,

tightly,

truthfully,

urgently,

vaguely,

vigorously,

violently,

vividly,

voluntarily,

warmly,

willingly,

wonderfully,

还有一些表示情绪的副词

:

The boy confidently puffed out his chest.

She eagerly embraced the offer of a trip to Europe.

下面是一些常见的这类副词：

angrily, anxiously, bitterly, boldly, calmly, cheerfully, confidently, desperately, eagerly, excitedly,

furiously,

gladly,

gloomily,

gratefully,

happily,

helplessly,

hopefully,

hopelessly,

impatiently,

miserably,

nervously,

passionately,

proudly,

reluctantly,

sadly,

shyly,

sincerely,

uncomfortably,

uneasily, wearily

还有一些以

-ly

结尾的副词，表示动作发生的情况，如：

The process was controlled automatically.

They trafficked in smuggled goods openly.

常见的这类副词有：

accidently,

artificially,

automatically,

collectively,

deliberately,

directly,

duly,

illegally,

independently,

indirectly,

individually,

innocently,

instinctively,

involuntarily,

jointly,

legally,

logically,

mechanically,

naturally,

officially,

openly,

overtly,

personally,

politically,

privately,

publicly, scientifically, secretly, specially, symbolically

大部分方式副词都由形容词加

-ly

词尾构成，但也有少数副词不是这样构成的，如：

He spoke impromptu.

他即席做了演讲。

She was to fly solo the next day.

程度副词和强调副词

程度副词可以修饰动词，表示“到某种程度“，如：

I’

m extremely disappointed in him.

He loved his mother dearly.

这类副词常有的有：

absolutely,

adequately,

almost,

altogether

,

amazingly,

awfully,

badly,

completely,

considerably,

dearly,

deeply,

drastically,

dreadfully,

enormously,

entirely,

exceedingly,

excessively,

extensively,

extremely,

fairly,

fully,

greatly,

half,

highly,

immensely,

incredibly,

intensely,

largely,

moderately,

nearly,

partly,

perfectly,

poorly,

practically,

pretty,

profoundly,

purely,

quite,

rather,

really,

reasonably,

remarkably,

significantly,

simply,

slightly,

somewhat,

soundly,

strongly,

sufficiently,

supremely,

surprisingly,

terribly,

totally,

tremendously,

truly,

utterly,

very,

virtually,

well,

wonderfully

这类副词还可以修饰形容词（

a

）

， 或其他副词（

b

）

：

< br>

a.

fairly simple

相当简单

highly confidential

高度机密的

awfully sorry

非常抱歉

rather difficult

utterly unreasonable

极不合理

perfectly clear

十分清楚

b.

fairly smoothly

相当顺利地

wonderful well

好极了

run pretty fast

跑得相当快

do it very quickly

act quite right

做得完全对

react somewhat differently

反应有些不同

强调副词和程度副词很 相近，有些就是成都副词。他们主要对所修饰的动词（

a

）或形 容词

（

b

）加以强调：

a.

He knew absolutely nothing.

His attitude simply amazes me.

b.

You

’

re entirely wrong.

The food is just wonderful.

这类副词主要是：

absolutely,

completely,

entirely,

just,

outright,

perfectly,

positively,

purely,

quite,

really,

simply,

totally, truly, utterly

much

是一个特殊的成都副词，它可以：

a.

修饰动词（特别是用在否定句中）

：

She didn

’

t talk much.

I don

’

t much like the idea.

b.

修饰形容词等：

I’

m not much good at singing.

I’

m very much afraid that she won

’

t come.