peek-香猪
1994
年研究生入学考试英语阅读理解
A
Passage I
[
长难句突破
]
The American economic system is
organized around a basically private-enterprise,
market-oriented economy
in which
consumers largely determine what shall be produced
by spending their money in the marketplace for
those goods and services that they want
most.
主体句式
：
The
American economic system is organized around a
economy.
结构分析
：
本句结
构较为复杂，
重点在于抓住主干，
然后逐步分析其细枝末节。<
/p>
Economy
后面的
which
引导的
定语从句用来修饰
economy
，
这个从句中的主干是
consumers
determine what shall be
produced
。
―what shall
be produced‖
后面的分词结构是一个由
by
引导的状语，句末的定语从句
that
they want most
修饰
goods and <
/p>
services
。需要注意的是本句主要围绕着
economy
这个词语展开。
If, on the other hand,
producing more of a commodity results in reducing
its cost, this will tend to increase the
supply offered by seller-producers,
which in turn will lower the price and permit more
consumers to buy the
product.
主体句式
：
This will
tend to increase the supply
结构分析
：本句开头是一个由
if
引导的条件从句，该句的主语
是一个动名词短语
―producing more of a
commodity‖
。在句子的主干中，
supply
后面的分词结构
―offered by seller
-
producers‖
后置作
< br>supply
的定语。句
子的最后是由
< br>which
引导的定语从句，
which
指代前面整个主句的内容。
Passage 2
[
长难句突破
]
Numerous other commercial enterprises,
from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and
electric utilities
to milk processors,
bring better and more efficient services to
consumers through the use of computers.
主体句式
：
Numerous
other commercial enterprises bring better and more
efficient services.
结构分析
：本句的
复杂之处在于主语和谓语之间被两个逗号分开的部分中有一个很长的短语
―from
theaters to
magazine publishers, from
gas and electric utilities to milk processors‖
，因此本句重点在于在干扰因素的影响
中抓住句子的主干。
Passage 3
[
长难句突破
]
The great interest in exceptional
children shown in public education over the past
three decades indicates the
strong
feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever
their special conditions, deserve the opportunity
to fully
develop their capabilities.
主体句式
：
The great
interest indicates the strong feeling.
结构分析
：本句的主语
―The
great interest‖
后面的
―in
exceptional children shown in public education
over the
past three decades‖
是修饰主语的定语。
宾语
―the strong feeli
ng‖
后面
that
引导一个同位语<
/p>
―all citizens, whatever
their
special con
ditions, deserve the
opportunity to fully develop their
capabilities‖
，其中
―whatever
their
special
conditions‖
作为一个插入的状语修饰
all
citizens
。
That concept implies educational
opportunity for all children-the right of each
child to receive help in learning
to
the limits of his or her capacity, whether that
capacity be small or great.
主体句式
：
That concept
implies educational opportunity.
结构分析
：本句的主句在破折号之前，破折号后面的内容起到补充说明前面内容的作用。其中
whether
引导的
让步状语从句使用虚拟语
气，因此动词为原型
be
。
Passage 4
[
长难句突破
]
The exact mechanisms involved are still
mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers
are initiated at the
level of genes
suggests that we will never prevent all cancers.
主体句式
：
The exact
mechanisms are still mysterious, but the
likelihood are initiated at the level
of…
结构分析
：本句由
but
连接的两个部分组成，是转折的关系。前半句中
involved
是用来形容主语的定语。后半
句的主干是
the likelihood suggests that…
，
其中主语后面跟了一个
that
引
导的同位语从句，
谓语后面则是一个
that
< br>引导的宾语从句。
Passage 5
[
长难句突破
]
Innovation is like soccer; even the
best players miss the goal and have their shots
blocked much more
frequently than they
score.
主体句式
：
Innovation
is like soccer.
结构分析
：本句中包含了两
个分句，其中后一个分句的主语是
the best players
< br>，谓语由两个并列结构构成，分
别是
miss
和
have their shots
blocked
。最后的
―much more
frequently than they score‖
作为状语，起到比较说
明的作用。
1
995
年研究生入学考试英语阅读理解
A
Passage 1
[
长难句突破
]
Apart from the fact that twenty-seven
acts of Parliament govern the terms of
advertising, no regular advertiser
dare
promote a product that fails to live up to the
promise of his advertisements.
主体句式
：
No regular
advertiser dare promote a product that…
结构分析
：本句开头是一个介词结构作为状语，其中
the fact
后面跟了一个由
that
引导的同位语从句
―that
twenty-
seven acts of
Parliament govern the terms of advertising‖
。主句的结构相对较为简单，其中宾语
a
product
后面跟了一个
that
引导的定语从句。
If its message were confined merely to
information-and that in itself would be difficult
if not impossible to
achieve, for even
a detail such as the choice of the colour of a
shirt is subtly persuasive----advertising would
be so boring that no one would pay any
attention.
主体句式
：
Advertising
would be so boring.
结构分析
：本句的
复杂结构在于在主句中间用破折号加了一个很长的部分，阅读时可以先略过破折号中间的部
分、以便于抓住主干句。主干句中使用了虚拟语气，应该注意虚拟语气的句子描述的都是虚拟的情况，那么作<
/p>
者的态度与虚拟语气说明的内容应该是相反的。
在破折号中间部分
的主句是
―that in itself would be difficult
if not
impossible to
achieve‖
，后面用
for
引导了一个原因状语从句，两部分之间是因果关系。
Passage 2
[
长难句突破
]
The worker who gets a promotion, the
student whose grades improve, the foreigner who
learns a new
language-all these are
examples of people who have measurable results to
show for their efforts.
主体句式
：
All these
are examples of people.
结构分析
：本句的主干在破折号之后，
all these
是前面内容的
同位语，即指代破折号前面的内容。指代的内容
有三个并列部分构成，其中每个部分都带
有一个定语从句。
The
process is not the road itself, but rather the
attitudes and feelings people have, their caution
or courage,
as they encounter new
experiences and unexpected obstacles.
主体句式
：
The process
is not the road itself, but rather…
结构分析
：
本句主干中使用了
―not… but …‖
的结构，
即
―
不是
……
而是
……‖
的意思。
but
rather
后面
―the
attitudes
and feelings people
have‖
和
―their caution or cour
age‖
是并列的结构。最后
as
引导
了一个时间状语从句。
Passage 3
In such a changing, complex society
formerly simple solutions to informational needs
become complicated.
Many of
life‘
s problems which were solved by
asking family members, friends or colleagues are
beyond the
capability of the extended
family to resolve. Where to turn for expert
information and how to determine which
expert advice to accept are questions
facing many people today.
[
长难句突破
]
As families move away from their stable
community, their friends of many years, their
extended family
relationships, the
informal flow of information is cut off, and with
it the confidence that information will be
available when needed and will be
trustworthy and reliable.
主体句式
：
The informal
flow of information is cut off.
结构分析
：本句的开头是一个用
as
引导的状语从句。
后面的主句中包含了两个以
and
连接的并列分句。其中
第二个分句在形式上只是一个名词性词组，其中
confidence
后面带了一个
that
引导的同位语从
句。
with it
中
的
it
指代的是前半个分句中的
―the
informal flow of information is cut
off‖
，
with it
作为状语
放在了该句子的开头，
以防止头重脚轻。
Coupled with the growing
quantity of information is the development of
technologies which enable the
storage
and delivery of more information with greater
speed to more locations than has ever been
possible
before.
主体句式
：
Coupled with
the growing quantity of information is the
development of technologies.
结构分析
：本句是一个倒装句，其中表语
―Coupled with the
growing quantity of
information‖
提到了主语
―the
development of technologies‖
的前面，
谓语是系动词
is
。
主语后面的
which
引导的定语从句修饰
technologies
，
其中还包含了
一个比较的结构。之所与将句子进行到装，是因为主语的内容太长，为了强调其内容，而将其置
< br>后。
Passage 4
[
长难句突破
]
The current passion for making children
compete against their classmates or against the
clock produces a
two-layer system, in
which competitive A-types seem in some way better
than their B-type fellows.
主体句式
：
The current
passion produces a two-layer system.
结构
分析
：本句主语和谓语之间的介词短语
―for making
children compete against their classmates or
against
the clock‖
是修饰
passion
的定语。宾语
a two-layer
system
后面跟了一个以
in which
定语从句。
Passage 5
[
长难句突破
]
Another line of thought assumes a
memory storage system of limited capacity that
provides adaptive
flexibility
specifically through forgetting.
主体句式
：
Another line
of thought assumes a memory storage system.
结构分析
：本句的宾语
a
memory storage
system
后面包含了两个定语，一个是短语
―of
limited capacity‖
，另
一个是
that
引导的定语从句
―that
provides adaptive flexibility specifically through
forgetting‖
。
1996
年研究生入学考试英语阅读理解
A<
/p>
Passage l
[
长难句突破
]
While talking to you, your could-be
employer is deciding whether your education, your
experience, and other
qualifications
will pay him to employ you and your
reasonably connected manner.
主体句式
：
Your
could-
be employer is
deciding…
and your
结构分析
：本句包含了两个并列的分
句构成，由
and
连接。第一个分句中由
whether
引导了一个宾语从句
―whether
your education, your experience, and other
qualifications will pay him to employ
you‖
，
其中
pay sb to
do sth
的意思为
―
做
……
对
……
有利
‖
。
Passage 2
[
长难句突破
]
They are brought sport, comedy, drama,
music, news and current affairs, education,
religion, parliamentary
coverage,
children‘s pragrammes and films for an
annual
license fee of 83 pounds per
household.
主体句式
：
They are
brought…
结构分析
：本句的
主干句中使用了被动语态，其主语
they
指的是上文提到的<
/p>
BBC
的观众和听众。
brought<
/p>
后
面的所有内容都是宾语，这也正是本句使用被动语态的原因，可
以把内容较为重要的宾语放在最后，避免头重
脚轻。
The debate was launched by
the Government, which invited anyone with an
opinion of the BBC-including
ordinary
listeners and viewers--to say what was good or bad
about the Corporation, and even whether they
thought it was worth keeping.
主体句式
：
The debate
was launched…
结构分析
：本句也使用了被动语态。第一个逗号后面
which
引导的
定语从句修饰前面提到了
government
，从
句中不定式
to say
后面是两个以
and
连接的并列宾语从句。而两个破折号之间的内容则是对
anyone
的补充说
明和详细补充。
Passage 3
[
长难句突破
]
Such large, impersonal manipulation of
capital and industry greatly increased the numbers
and importance of
shareholders as a
class, an element in national life representing
irresponsible wealth detached from the land
and the duties of the landowners; and
almost equally detached from the responsible
management of
business.
主体句式
：
Impersonal
manipulation of capital and industry greatly
increased…
结构分析
：本
句的主干部分集中在第一个逗号前面，逗号后面的
an element
是
shareholders
的同位语，起到
补充说明的作用，
―representing
irresponsible wealth‖
是定语，后面两个以
and
连接的
detached from
是修饰
wealth
的定语。
The paid manager acting for
the company was in more direct relation with the
men and their demands, but
even he had
seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the
workmen which the employer had often had
under the more patriarchal system of
the old family business now passing away.
主体句式
：
The paid
manager was in more direction relation with … but
he had seldom the knowledge of …
结构分析
：
本句由
but<
/p>
连接的两个表示转折关系的分句构成。
第一个分句中
―acting for the company‖
是
manager
的定语。
第二个分句的结构更为复杂，
其中
which
引导的定语从句修饰前面
的
knowledge
，
介词结构
―under the
more patriarchal
system of the old family
business‖
是状语，最后
passing
away
是
the old family
business
的
定语。
Passage 4
[
长难句突破
]
Among the many shaping factors, I would
single out th
e country‘s excellent
elementary schools; a labor force
that
welcomed the new technology; the practice of
giving premiums to inventors; and above all the
American
genius for nonverbal ,
―spatial‖ thinking about things technological
.
主体句式
：
I would
single ou
t the …
结构分析
：本句的主干前面部分
―Among the
many shaping
factors‖
是状语引出该句，谓语
single out
后面几个
用分号隔开的名词结构都是其宾语，也就是句子开头说
到的
―shaping
factors‖
，其中
a labor force
后面跟了一
个
that
引导的定语从句。句子最后的
technological
作为
后置定语修饰
things
。
Passage 5
[
长难句突破
]
The goal of all will be to try to
explain to a confused and often unenlightened
citizenry that there are not two
equally valid scientific theories for
the origin and evolution of universe and life.
主体句式
：
The goal of
all will be …
结构分析
：本句的宾语是
be
后面所有的内容，即不定式
―to try…‖
。宾语中
explain
后面带了两个宾语，第一个
是
―a
confused and often unenlightened citizenry‖
，第二个是
that
引导的一个定语从句，对前文作进
一步说明。
1997
年研究生入学考
试英语阅读理解
A
Passage
1
[
长难句突破
]
After six months of arguing and final
16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia‘s
Northern Territory
became the first
legal authority in the world to allow doctors to
take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish
to die.
主体句式
：
Australia‘s
Northern Territory became the first legal
authority to …
结构分析
：本句开头是一个以
after
引导的时间状语从句。主句
较长但结构比较清晰，其中句子末尾有一个以
who
引导的定语
从句用来修饰
patients
。
In Australia
—
where an aging population,
life extending technology and changing community
attitudes have
all played their part
—
other states are going to
consider making a similar law to deal with
euthanasia.
主体句式
：
Oother
states are going to …
结构分析
：本句的主干部分在第二个破折号之后，而两个破折号中间的是一个用
where
引导的定语从句，用来
补充说明
< br>Australia
。从句的主句较为复杂，是由三个并列结构组成的
―an aging population, life extending
technology and changing community
attitudes‖
，谓语是
have
played
，宾语是
their
part
。
Passage 2
[
长难句突破
]
The casual friendliness of many
Americans should be interpreted neither as
superficial nor as artificial, but as
the result of a historically developed
cultural tradition.
主体句式
：
The casual
friendliness of many Americans should be
interpreted…
结构分析
：
这个句子的复杂成分在于
be interpreted
后面的内容，
这个部分由三个并列结构构成，
分别为
―neither
as
superficial‖
、
―nor as
artificial‖
和
―but as the
result of a historically developed cultural tradit
ion‖
。这种并列结
构对应于汉语里面的
―
不是
……
也不是
……
而是
……‖
。
Passage 3
[
长难句突破
]
We live a society in which the
medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is
pervasive: an aspirin to quiet
a
headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get
going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.
主体句式
：
We live a
society in which…
结构分析
：
本句的主干中包含了一个
in which
引导的定语从句，
从来修饰
society<
/p>
。
冒号后面的几个并列结构以
逗号隔开，
用来补充说明前文的
―substances (drugs) is
pervasive‖
的具体情况
Dependence is marked first by an
increased tolerance, with more and more of the
substance required to
produce the
desired effect, and then by the appearance of
unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the
substance is discontinued.
主体句式
：
Dependence
is marked first by… and then by …
结构分析
：本句的主干为
―Dependence
is marked‖
，后面由以
by
引导的两个并列介词结构构成，由
and
连接。
第一部分中包含了一个
with
引导的介词状语，把
主句的内容进一步展开说明。第二部分的最后是一个
when
引
导的时间状语从句，用来修饰
―the appearance of
unpleasant withdrawal
symptoms‖
。
Passage 4
[
长难句突破
]
―The test of any democratic society,‖
he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, ―lies
not in how well it can
control
expression but in whether it gives freedom of
thought and expression the widest possible
latitude,
however disputable or
irritating the results may sometimes be. We won‘t
retreat in the face of any threats.‖
主体句式
：
He wrote in
a Wall Street Journal column
结构分析
：西方媒体的新闻报道文字中经常出现直接引用人物言论或其著作片断的话，这样的句子往往结构看<
/p>
上去比较复杂，但实际分析后就会发现这种句型很容易解剖。以本句为例，作者把主句放在
了宾语（即这篇文
章的引言）
的中间。
宾语即引言包含了两个句子，
其中第一个句子比较复杂，
其主干
成分为
―The test lies not in…
but in …‖
，即由两个并列结构构成，相当于中文的<
/p>
―
不是
……
而是
……‖
。这两个并列结构的
in
后面都跟了一个
句子表示不同的状况，句子最后的
―however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be‖
是对两种情
况的补充说明
。第二个句子比较短，即
―We won‘t retreat in the
face of any threats.‖
，其中
―in
the face of‖
是
―
面
临、面对
‖
的意思。
Passage 5
[
长难句突破
]
Economists have been particularly
surprised by favorable inflation figures in
Britain and the United States,
since
conventional measures suggest that both economies,
and especially America‘s, have little productive
slack.
主体句式
：
Economists
have been surprised by…
结构分析
：本句的主句结构比较清晰，但是后面跟了一个结构稍为复杂的
since
引导的原因状语从句。从句的
主干是
―conventional measures suggest that…‖
，
that
又引导了一个宾语从句，
其主干是
―both economies have
little productive
slack‖
，中间两个逗号之间的内容是对
―both
economies‖
的补充说明。
Some economists argue that powerful
structural changes in the world have up ended the
old economic
models that were based
upon the historical link between growth and
inflation.
主体句式
：
Some
economists argue that…
结构分析<
/p>
：
这个句子的主要部分在于宾语中
tha
t
引导的从句。
该从句的主语是
―po
werful structural changes have
up ended
the old economic models that…‖
，后面有包含了一个
that
引导的定语从句用来修饰
mo
dels
。
1998
年研究生入学考试英语阅读理解
A
< br>
Passage 1
[
长难句突破
]
The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the
Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile
silt that floods left -
all in return
for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so
full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
主体句式
：
The Aswan
Dam stopped the Nile flooding but…
结构分析
：本句主语后面跟了一个插入语
―fo
r example‖
，说明
―The Aswan Dam‖
是作为一个例子来进一步说明
上一句的内容。这个句子的主干部
分由两个以
but
连接的并列结构组成、且构成了转折关系。后
一个部分包含
了一个
that
引导的定
语从句。破折号后面的内容一个独立的句子，也是对前文进一步的补充说明。句子中首先
包含了一个
which
引导的定语从句用来修饰
disease
，该从句中又包含了一个
so ..
that
…
结构。
Passage 2
[
长难句突破
]
The trouble is that part of the recent
acceleration is due to the usual rebound that
occurs at this point in a
business
cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a
revival in the underlying trend.
主体句式
：
The trouble
is that…
结构分析
：
New ways of organizing the workplace
all that re engineering and downsizing - are only
one contribution to
the overall
productivity of an economy, which is driven by
many other factors such as joint investment in
equipment and machinery, new
technology, and investment in education and
training.
主体句式
：
New ways are
…
结构分析
：本句的分析重点在于抓
住句子的主干。主语
New
ways
后面
―of organizing the
workplace all that re
engineering and d
ownsizing‖
是用来修饰主语的，而破折号后面这个
a
re
才是这个句子的真正宾语。句子第一
个逗号后面跟了一个<
/p>
which
引导的定语从句，
具体修饰<
/p>
an
economy
，
从句中
such a
s
引导的部分是前面
factors
的
同位语，后面都是并列关系的一些名词词组。
Passage 3
[
长难句突破
]
A survey of news stories in 1996
reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached
to many other groups as
well, from
authorities who advocated the elimination of the
last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to
Republicans who advocated decreased
funding for basic research.
主体句式
：
A survey of
news stories in 1996 reveals that…
结构分析
：本句的主要内容在于主句中
that
引导的宾语从句，从句的主干是
―he
antiscience tag has been
attached to
many other groups‖
，后面
―from…
to…‖
连接两个并列的介词结构、起到解释说明的作用。两个平
行结构中都包含了一个
who
引导的定语从句。
The true enemies of
science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford
University, a pioneer of environmental studies,
are those who question the evidence
supporting global warming, the depletion of the
ozone layer and other
consequences of
industrial growth.
主体句式
：
argues Paul
Ehrlich of Stanford University
结构分析
：本句的主要内容是
Paul
Ehrlich of Stanford University
的观点，而该句把主
干部分进行倒装并且放
到了句子中间，目的是为了突出观点。主干句的正常语序应该为<
/p>
―Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University
argues
that…‖
，后面的
―a
pioneer of environmental studies‖
是最这个说法
者身份的补充说明。句子的其他部分都是这
个
that
引导的宾语从句的内容。从句的主干是
―The true
enemies of science are those…‖
，
< br>those
后面包含了
who
引
导的定语从句，从句中
supporting
这个伴随分词修饰
evidence
，后面跟了三个并列的名词词组。
Passage 4
[
长难句突破
]
This development - and its strong
implications for US politics and economy in years
ahead - has enthroned
the South as
America‘s most densely populated region for the
first time in the history of the nation‘s head
counting.
主体句式
：
This
development has enthroned…
结
构分析
：这个句子的复杂成分在于两个破折号之间的补充说明内容。这个部分虽然以
and
开头，但是它与主
语不是并列的关系
，而是对于主语的补充说明。
Passage 5
[
长难句突破
]
Unlike most of the world‘s volcanoes,
they are not always found at the
boundaries of the great drifting plates
that make up the earth‘s surface; on
the contrary, many of them lie deep in the
interior of a plate.
主体句式
：
They are not
always found…; many of them lie deep…
<
/p>
结构分析
：本句由分号组成了两个部分。第一个分句中，
unlike
引导的壮语起到了比较的作用，主句中包含了
一个
that
引导的定语从句、修饰
plates
。第二个分句中，
on the
contrary
表示了与上文的转折关系。
As the dome grows, it
develops seed fissures (cracks); in at least a few
cases the continent may break
entirely
along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot
initiates the formation of a new ocean.
主体句式
：
It develops
seed fissures…
; the continent may break
so that …
结构分析
：本句也是由分号构成了两个部分。第一个分句较为简单，第二个分句则包含了一个
―so that‖
引导的
目的状语从句。
1999
年研究生入学考试英语阅读
理解
A
Passage l
[
长难句突破
]
At the same time, the American Law
Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and
academics whose
recommendations carry
substantial weight--issued new guidelines for tort
law stating that companies need
not
warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them
with a lengthy list of possible ones.
主体句式
：
The American
Law I
nstitute issued new
guidelines…
结构分析
：
本句的主语有一个较长的修饰结构，即两个破折号之间的内容，说明了这个
Instit
ude
的组成。主句
中包含了一个
th
at
引导的定语从句，句子最后还有一个
with
引导的壮语，起到补充说明的作用。
Passage 2
[
长难句突破
]
The examples of Virtual Vineyards, ,
and other pioneers show that a Web site selling
the right
kind of products with the
right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and
security will attract online customers.
主体句式
：
The examples
show that…
结构分析
：本
句的主语较长，因为其中包含了一些列举的名称，但其实是可以忽略的。主句的
that
引导了一个
宾语从句，从句的主干是
―
a Web site will attract online
customers‖
，但这个句子中有一个修饰
―a Web
site‖
的较
长的修饰结构
―sel
ling the right kind of products with the right mix
of interactivity, hospitality, and
security‖
。
Passage 3
[
长难句突破
]
An invisible border divides those
arguing for computers in the classroom on the
behalf of students‘ career
prospects
and those arguing for computers in the classroom
for broader reasons of radical educational
reform.
主体句式
：
An invisible
border divides those and
those
…
结构分析
：这个句子的宾语由两个
those
引导的短语构成
，指代两种持不同态度的人。第一个
those
引导的短
语中包含了
―on the behalf of‖
< br>的介词短语，表示
―
代表
‖
的意思。第二个
those
引导的短语最后
for
引导的介词短
语是对前文的解释
。
Besides, this
is unlikely to produce the needed number of every
kind of professional in a country as large as
ours and where the economy is spread
over so many states and involves so many
international corporations.
主体句式
：
This is
unlikel
y to…
结构分析
：这个句子的宾语是一个不顶式结构，
produce
的对象是
―the needed number of every
kind of
professional‖
，
―in
a country‖
是一个地点状语，
后面跟了两个并列的结
构修饰
country
，
一个是
―as large as ours‖
，
另
一个是定语从句
―where the economy is spread
over so many states and involves so many
international
corporation
s‖<
/p>
。
Passage 4
[
长难句突破
]
Declaring that he was opposed to using
this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone
humans, he
ordered that federal funds
not be used for such an experiment-although no one
had proposed to do so--and
asked an
independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton
President Harold Shapiro to report back to the
White House in 90 days with
recommendations for a national policy on human
cloning.
主体句式
：
He
ordered that…
结构分析
：这个句子的第一个部分是一个动词现在分析引导的分句，其中包含了一个
that<
/p>
引导的宾语从句来说
明声明的具体内容。主句的结构也颇为简单，
但是该句中
that
引导的宾语从句中结构较为复杂。从句的主
句包
含两个并列结构，由
and
连接。
and
前面两个破折号的文字是对两个并列结构第一部分的补充
说明。第二个部
分内容较长，其主要结构是
―asked an
independent panel to report back to …‖
，
最后
with
引导一个状语作为
rep
ort back
的具体内容。
In a draft preface to the
recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting,
Shapiro suggested that the
panel had
found a broad consensus that it would be
by adult nuclear cloning.
主体句
式
：
Shapiro suggested
that…
结构分析
：这个句子的开
头两个短语分别是表示地点和时间的状语。主语的宾语是一个
that
< br>引导的从句，而该
从句中
consesus
后面有包含了一个
that
引导的宾语从句。
Passage 5
[
长难句突破
]
If experiments are planned and carried
out according to plan as faithfully as the reports
in the science
journals indicate, then
it is perfectly logical for management to expect
research to produce results
measurable
in dollars and cents.
主体句式
：
Iit is
perfectly logical for…
结构分析<
/p>
：这个句子第一个逗号前面的分句是一个
If
引导的条件状语从句，该从句中有包含了一个
as
引导的<
/p>
时间状语从句。主句中使用了
―for sb. to do
sth.‖
的结构。
2000
年研究生入学考试英语阅读理解
A
Passage 1
[
长难句突破
]
For a while it looked as though the
making of semiconductors, which America had
invented and which sat at
the heart of
the new computer age, was going to be the next
casualty.
主体句式
：
It
looked as though…
结构分析
：
本句的主干中
it
是主语
，
looked
是系动词，
as th
ough
引导的从句是表语。
表语从句中的主语是
The
making of semiconductors was
going to be the next casualty
，主谓之间以
and
连接两个用
which
< br>引导的定语
从句，用来修饰
semiconductor
s
。
Passage 2
[
长难句突破
]
The grand mediocrity of today everyone
being the same in survival and number of offspring
means that
natural selection has lost
80% of its power in upper-middle-class India
compared to the tribes.
主体句式
：
The grand
mediocrity means that…
结构分析
：本句的主干被两个破折号分开，主句后面
that
引导一个宾语从句，其中
compared to
the tribe
作状
语。破折号之间的部分是一个独立主格
结构，对破折号之前的
The grand mediocrity
的内容进行具体解释，其
中
survival
和
number of offsrping
< br>都是
in
的宾语。
Passage 3
[
长难句突破
]
When a new movement in art attains a
certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what
its advocates are aiming
at, for,
however farfetched and unreasonable their
principles may seem today, it is possible that in
years to
come they may be regarded as
normal.
主体句式
：
It
is advisable to…
结构分析
：本句的句首是一个
When
引导的一个时间状语从句
，句子中的
for
引导的分句
―it
is possible that in
years to come they
may be regarded as normal‖
表示原因，其中包含了一个<
/p>
that
引导的表语从句。
for
后面
however
引导了一个让步状语从句
。而句子的主干中，
it
是一个形式主语
，后面
to
引导的不定式结构才是
真
正的主语。
But it is a little upsetting to read in
the explanatory notes that a certain line
describes a fight between a
Turkish and
a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they
both fall into the river and then to find that the
line
consists of the noise of their
falling and the weights of the officers:‘ Pluff!
Pluff! A hundred and eighty
-five
ki
lograms.‘
主体句式
：
But it is a
little upsetting to…
结构分析
：
本句的主干句中，
it
是一个形式主语，
而真正的主语是
to
引导的不定式结构
―to read in the explanatory
notes
that…‖
和后面的
―to find that…‖
。其中，第一个不定式中包含了一个
that
引导的宾语从句
―a certain line
describes a fight between a Turkish and
a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off
which they both fall into the
river‖
，
其中
―off
which they both fall into the river‖
是
bridge
的定语。第二个不定式中包含了一个
< br>to
引导的宾语从句。
[
长难句突破
]
The coming of age of the postwar baby
boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated
job market
have limited the
opportunities of teen-agers who are already
questioning the heavy personal sacrifices
involved in climbing Japan‘s rigid
social ladder to good schools and jobs.
主体句式
：
The coming
of…
and an entry of
women…
have limited the
opportunities of …
结构分析
：本句的主语是一个由
and
连接的并列结构，文
字较长。宾语
―the opportunities of teen
-
agers‖
后面跟
了一个
who
引导的定语从句用来修饰
tee
n-agers
，其中该从句中又包含了一个分词结构
―inv
olved in climbing
Japan‘s rigid social
ladder to good schools and
jobs‖
是用来修饰
―personal
sacrifices‖
的。
Passage 5
[
长难句突破
]
Instead, we are treated to fine
hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever
seem in ample supply: the
critic of
American materialism with a Southampton summer
home; the publisher of radical books who takes
his meals in three-star restaurants;
the journalist advocating participatory democracy
in all phases of life,
whose own
children are enrolled in private schools.
主体句式
：
We are
treated to fine hypocritical
spectacles
…
结构分析<
/p>
：本句的主干后面跟了一个
which
引
导的定语从句，用来修饰
spectacles
。冒号后面包含
了三个并列
的名词短语。第一个名词短语的修饰成分比较简单。第二个名词短语中包含了
两个定语，分别是介词结构
―of
radical
books‖
和定语从句
―who takes his
meals in three
-
star restaura
nts‖
。第三个名词短语中也有两个定语，
分别是分词结构<
/p>
―advocating participatory democracy in
all phases of
life‖
和定语从句
―whose own
children are
enrolled in private
schools‖
2001
年研究生入学考试英语阅读理解
A
Passage 1
[
长难句突破
]
The overall result has been to make
entrance to professional geological journals
harder for amateurs, a result
that has
been reinforced by the widespread introduction of
refereeing, first by national journals in the
nineteenth century and then by several
local geological journals in the twentieth
century.
主体句式
：
The
overall result has been to…
结构分析
：本句的主干谓语是系动词
has been
，表语是一个
to
引导的不定式结构。逗号后面
是一个名词性短
语
a result that
，是对主语的补充说明。这个短语中包含了一个
that
引导的定语从句，其中有三个带
by
的结构
< br>作为并列状语。
Passage 2
[
长难句突破
]
As the Internet becomes more and more
commercialized, it is in the interest of business
to universalize
access-after all, the
more people online, the more potential customers
there are.
主体句式
：
It is in the
interest of business to…
结构分
析
：本句的开头是一个
as
引导的状语
从句，说明背景情况。接下来的主语中，
it
是一个形式主语，
而真
正的主语是不定式结构
―to universalize
access‖
。句子中破折号后面的内容结构为
the
more… the
more…
，用
来解释主句中的内容。
Passage 3
[
长难句突破
]
Sad to say, this project has turned out
to be mostly low-level findings about factual
errors and spelling and
grammar
mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching
puzzlement about what in the world those readers
really want.
主体句式
：
This project
has turned out to be mostly low-level
findings
…
结构分析
：
本句的主句结构比较简单，
容易分析。
主句后面跟了一个
about
引导的介词结
构作为
low-level findings
的定语。
逗号后面是一个过去分词结构，
作为伴随状语，
其中包含了一个介词结构
―
about what in
the world those
readers really want
‖
用来修饰
puzzlement
。
There
exists a social and cultural disconnect between
journalists and their readers, which helps explain
why
the
主体句式
：
There exists
a social and cultural
dicsoonect…
结构分析<
/p>
：本句的主干中
there
是一个形式主
语，真正的主语是
―a social and cultural disconne
ct‖
。逗号后面是
一个
which<
/p>
引导的定语从句，
其中
which
指带了整个主句的内容，
是从句的主语。
从句
中还包含了一个
why
引
导的宾语从句。
Passage 4
[
长难句突破
]
I believe that the most important
forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same
that underlie the
globalization
process: falling transportation and communication
costs, lower trade and investment barriers
and enlarged markets that require
enlarged operations capable of meeting customers'
demands.
主体句式
：
I
believe that…
结构分析
：本句的主干较为清晰，其中宾语是一个由
that
引导的较
长的从句。从句中的主语是
forces
，其前后
都有修饰成分，
后面是定语
behind the
massive M&A
wave
，
表语是
the same<
/p>
，
后面的
that
引导一个定语从句。
冒号后面的部分是
―the most
important forces‖
的同位语，说明
forc
es
的具体内容，其中
markets
后面的
that
引导了一个定语从句，句末的形容词结构
―capable of meeting customers' demands‖
是
operations
的定语。
Yet it is hard to
imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today
could re-create the same threats to
competition that were feared nearly a
century ago in the US, when the Standard Oil trust
was broken up.
主体句式
：
Yet it is
hard to imagine that…
结构分析
：
主句的
it
是形
式主语，
真正的主语是不定式结构
―to imagine t
hat…‖
。
句子中包含了一个
tha
t
引导的
宾语从句，而该从句中又包含了一个
< br>that
引导的定语从句，用来修饰
threats
。句子最后一个逗号后面的
when
引导一
个定语从句，修饰
nearly a century
ago
。
[
长难句突破
]
I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey
will after her much-publicized resignation from
the editorship of She
after a build up
of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of
into
主体句式
：
I have
discovered that …
结构分析
：本句的主句中，宾语为
that
引导的一个很长的
从句直至句子末尾，其中宾语从句的主语由两个并列
的动名词结构构成，
分别是
―abandoning the doctrine of
和
―making the alternative
move into
，谓语是
brings
，后面内容是宾语。句子开头
a
s
引导了一个状语从句，同时该从句中
will
后面
省略了一个谓语动词
discover
。
2002
年研究生入学考试英语阅读理解
A
Text 1
?
[
长难句突破
]
If you are part of the group which you
are addressing, you will be in a position to know
the experiences and
problems which are
common to
all of you and it‘ll be
appropriate for you to make a passing remark about
the
inedible canteen food or the
chairman‘s notorious bad taste in ties.
主体句式
：
You will be
in a position to… and it‘ll be appropriate
…
结构分析
：本句先由一个
If
引导的状语从句引出话题，主句则由
and
连接的两个并列结构组成。主句第一部分
的
―which are common to all of you‖
用来形容
―the experiences and
problems‖
，第二部分的主体结构为
it‘ll be
appropriate for you to make a remark
about … or …
。
Text 2
?
[
长难句突破
]
But the human mind can glimpse a
rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard
the 98 percent that is
irrelevant,
instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side
of a winding forest road or the single
suspicious face in a big crowd.
主体句式
：
But the
human mind can glimpse a scene and disregard the
98
percent that…
结构分析
：本句由以
and
连接的两个
并列结构组成，而第二部分比较复杂。
98 percent
后
面的内容由两个部分
组成，分别是
―that is
irrelevant, instantaneously‖
这个定语从句和
focus
引导的伴随状语。定语从句是用来具体
说明
―98 percent‖
，而伴随状语确实用来形容文
章的主语
―the human
mind‖
的。
Text 3
?
[
长难句突破
]
The OECD estimates in its latest
Economic Outlook that, it oil prices averaged $$22
a barrel for a full year,
compared with
$$13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import
bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of
GDP.
主体句式
：
The OECD
estimates … that …
结构分析
：
本句的主要内容是
estimate
后面
that
引导的定语从句，
< br>里面看上去有很多数字和经济术语，
其实内
容比较简单，
其中有两个并列结构，即
―it oil prices averaged $$22
a
barrel for a full
year‖
和
―compared with $$13
in 1998, this would increase the oil
import bill in rich economies by only
0.25-
0.5% of
GDP‖
。
Text 4
?
[
长难句突破
]
Although it ruled that there is no
constitutional right to physician-assisted
suicide, the Court in effect
supported
the medical principle of ―double
effect,
-old moral principle holding
that an action
having two
effects
—
a good one that is
intended and a harmful one that is
foreseen
—
is permissible if
the
actor intends only the good effect.
主体句式
：
The Court in
effect supported the medical principle
of
…
结构分析
：
这个句子的组成成分也比较复杂。
首先在主句前面是一个
Although
引导的让步状语从句，
与主句形
成转折关系。
―a
centuries
-old moral principle holding
that an action having two
effects
—
a good one that is
intended and a harmful one that is
foreseen
—
is
permissible if the actor intends only
the good effect‖
是一个同
位语，具体解释前
文提到的
principle
。同位语中
holding
后面包含了一个
that
引导的宾语从句，从句的主语是
an action having two
effects is permissible
，其中两个破折号之间的内容解释说明
了
―two effects‖
。
On another level, many in
the medical community acknowledge that the
assisted-suicide debate has been
fueled
in part by the despair of patients for whom modern
medicine has prolonged the physical agony of
dying.
主体句式
：
Many in the
medical community acknowledge that
2003
年研究生入学考试英语阅读理解
A<
/p>
Text 1
[
长难句突破
]
Straifford president George Friedman
says he sees the online world as a kind of
mutually reinforcing tool for
both
information collection and distribution, a
spymaster's dream.
主体句式
：
Straifford
president George Friedman says…
结构分析
：本句从
says
后
面开始就是一个宾语从句，是本句的重点内容，该从句的主要结构就是
he sees
sth.
as
sth.
。句子最后部分的
―a spymaster's
dream‖
指代的就是前文的
―a kind of
mutually reinforcing tool for both
information collection and
distribution‖
。
Text 2
[
长难句突破
]
Finally, because the ultimate
stakeholders are patients, the health research
community should actively recruit
to
its cause not only well-known personalities such
as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous
statements about the value of animal
research, but all who receive medical treatment.
主体句式
：
The health
research community should actively recruit to its
cause...
结构分析
：主句中使用了
< br>recuite sb. to sth.
的结构，但是由于这个
sb
的内容太多，因此将其置后。
sb
这个部
分使用了
―not only, but
also‖
的并列结构，
而
not o
nly
这个部分中断句比较多，
因为其中有
such as
引导的举例，
同时例子中还带了一个
who
引导的定语从句来具体说明
Step
hen Cooper
这个人。
Text 3
[
长难句突破
]
Shippers who feel they are being
overcharged have the right to appeal to the
federal government's Surface
Transportation Board for rate relief,
but the process is expensive, time consuming, and
will work only in truly
extreme cases.
主体句式
：
Shippers
have the right to...but the process is…
结构分析
：这个句子由两个包含转折关系的并列短句组成，由<
/p>
but
连接。前半句中需要注意的是主语
shippers
后面
―who feel they are
being overcharged‖
是一个定语从句，不能将其误认为是主句。而后
半句结构比较清晰，
由三个并列的部分组成。
If railroads charged all
customers the same average rate, they argue,
shippers who have the option of
switching to trucks or other forms of
transportation would do so, leaving remaining
customers to shoulder the
cost of
keeping up the line.
主体句式
：
They
argue…
结构分析
：这个句子比
较具有迷惑性，其实全句的主句就是前面两个逗号之间的
they argue
。其实可以把这个
句型修改为
They
argue that
，
句子中其他的内容都是由
that
引导的宾语的内容。
宾语从句中首先是一个
if
引导
的条件状语从句，
紧跟的主句结构是
shippers would to
so
，
―who have the option of
switching to trucks or other
forms of t
ransportation‖
是描述
shipper
特征的一个宾语从句，最后一个现在分词引导的伴随状态对前文起到补
充
说明的作用。
Text 4
[
长难句突破
]
Physicians-frustrated by their
inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of
hope in the patient-too often
offer
aggressive treatment far beyond what is
scientifically justified.
主体句式
：
Physicians
offer aggressive treatment.
结构分析
：这个句子的复杂成分在于两个破折号之间的插入成分，其作用是对本句的主语
physicians
做出解释
说明。句子最后的一个短语
―far beyond what is scientifically justif
ied‖
是用来形容前面的
―treatment‖
的。
2004
年研究生入学考试英语阅读理解
A