discharge-赌
Subjunctive mood
(P122, p. 129. P 143
动词过去完成体
P181-190,
395)
条件句
14. “I
wondered
if I
could have a word with you.” The past tense in
the sentence refers to a __B___. (p128)
2017
A. past event for exact time
reference
B.
present event for
tentativeness
C. present event for uncertainty
D.
past event for politeness
V
.
in specific
contexts,
the simple past
can also denote the present or
the future time. There are two uses.
One is known as the
attitudinal
past
(
属于
“
表态性过去时
”
(attitudinal past),
即表示说话人当前
的
试
探性态度
,
而非过去时间
,
多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词
)
,
that
is
,
the
past
tense
is
associated
with
the
present
time
in
independent clauses
expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its
effect is to make the
question/request/suggestion less
direct
,
implying
a
polite
,
somewhat
tentative
attitude
试探性态度，婉转语气
on
the
part of
the speaker.
A:
Did
you
want
me?
, I
wondered
if you could give
me some help .
Want,
wonder, think, hope
The
other
is
what
we
call
the
hypothetical
past.
The
simple
past
refers
not
to
a
fact
but
to
a
non-fact,
and
is
typically
found
in
that-
clauses following such constructions as
It?s time….
I wish
I?d
rather
Suppose
As if
15.
“If
I
were
you,
I
wouldn?t
wait
to
propose
to
her.”
The
subjunctive mood in the
sentence is used to ____D______.183
A.
alleviate hostility
B. express
unfavorable feelings
C. indicate uncertainty
D. make a suggestion
Were-subjunctive
has only on
form were, which applies to subjects of
all persons, is hypothetical or unreal
in meaning
If, if only, as
if, as though, though,
Wish, would rather, suppose, imagine,
As it were( so to
speak)
宛如，好比
only the patient ______a different
treatment instead of using the
antibiotics, he might still be alive
now. P 186
2007
received
ed
receive
receiving
正确答案为
A).
If
only
引导的虚拟语气
,
解释为
”
要是
…
该多好啊
!”.
与现在的事实相反的则
if
only
后接过去式
did,
和过去事实相反的
则
接过去完成时
had
done.
这里是说要是这个病人接受了不同的治疗
方式
< br>(
其实那个时候并没有接受
),
与过去事实相反用过去完成时
.
句
意
:
如果
那个病人不使用抗生素而是采用其他疗法
,
他现在可能还活
着呢
.
51.
If only I ______ play the guitar as
well as you! 2006 P 186 P192
A
would
B
could
C
should
D
might
52.
正确答案为
B).
could
表示能够
,
是一种一般能力
< br>.
表示具体能力
用
be able to . p. 192
If only
引导的虚拟语气
,
表示
”
要是
….<
/p>
该多好
啊
!”.
句意
:
要是我能像你那样把吉他弹得那么好该多好啊
!
3.
If
you
explained
the
situation
to
your
solicitor,
he
____
able
to
advise you much better than I can.
（
2005
年
51
题）
2015
A. would be
C.
was
B.
will have been
D. were
15. If you explained
the situation to your lawyer, he _______ able to
advise you much better than I can.
(2015)(395/381)2005
A. will be
B. was
C. would be
D. were
[
译文
]
如果你把情况向你的事务律师说明，他会比我更能给你提出好
的建议。
[
考点
]
虚拟语气。本句条件从句中的谓语动词用了
过去式
explained
，但这是复合时态形式，主句说明其内容与
现在
/
将来
的情
况相反，
所以主句谓语应该由
would+
动词原形构成。
B
，
C
不用于虚
拟语气；
D
．
were
只用于
表虚拟的条件句中。
9
．
___ if I had
arrived yesterday without letting you know
beforehand?
（
2004
年
44
题）
A.
Would you be surprised
C. Had you been surprised
surprised
44
．答案：
A
参考译文：如果昨天没有提前通知你，我就来了，你
会觉得奇怪吗？
试
题分析：
本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。
详细解答：
这是一个错
综时间条件句。
条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，
发生的时间
是不一致的，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。
10
．
All of us
would have enjoyed the party much more if there
___
quite such a crowd of people there.
（
2000
年
49
题）
A. weren?t
C. hadn?t been
B. hasn?t been
D. wouldn?t be
B. Were you surprised
D.
Would
you
have
been
[
解析
]
考点：虚拟语气。由于主句中使用了
would
have
done
，即表
示与过去事实相反，
那么从句中相应地使用
had done
< br>。
[
译文
]
若不是
那儿人太多，我们在聚会上都会玩得更尽兴的。
11. If your car
___ any attention during the first 12
months, take it
to an authorized
dealer.
（
1998
年
43
题）
A. shall need
B.
should need
C. would need
D. will need
情态动词。
should
可以表示语气较强的假设，出现在
if
从句中或用
于省略了
if
的条件句句首位置上。例
如：
a
．
If you should
change your mind
，
please let
us know
．
b
．
Should you be
interested
，
I have a book on
the subject you might
like to
see
．
should
的这一用法经常出现在商务信函中，
表
示
“
万一
”
、
“
假若
”
。
shall
有类似用法，用于
if
、
when
等引导的从句中，<
/p>
表示将来的可能性，
不过语气太强
。例如
：
c
．
If you shall
ever change your
opinion
，
come to me
again
．
should
如果用在以
if
和
in
case
引导的从句中则表示某事不太可能发
生。
有时在这种句子中主语和
should
可以倒装，<
/p>
把
should
放在句首。
[
译文
]
如果你购买的车子在最初
12
个月内出现问题，请与授
权经销
商交涉。
12. ____ , I will marry him all the
same. (2004
年
42
题
)
票
A. Was he rich
or poor
C. Were he rich or poor
B.
Whether rich or poor
D. Be he rich or
poor
whether she be right or wrong, she
will have my unswerbing support.
表让步
里，
be
用于虚拟语气句，引导一个
(
选择
性
)
让步状语从句，相当于
wheth
er he be rich or poor
。由于
whet
her
省略，这时
be
需要提前。
B
其实也讲得通，只是意思上不同，前者表示：不管我是富还是穷，
我都要嫁给他。又如：
Whether rich or
poor
，
old or
young
，
all have
to
die
．
(
《新时代英汉大典》
)[
译文
]
不管他是
富还是穷，我都要嫁给
他。
Whether it (he)be...or...
结构，
意为
“
不管
(
不论
)
是
……
还是
……”
，表
示让步，为虚拟语气的
一种表达方式。其省略式为
“be
it…or…
；
be
he…or…”
等，
句子必须倒装。
< br>如：
I can translate all these books
into
Chinese
，
be
they in English
，
French or La
tin
．
[
例句
] There being no
danger
，
the police
went back to their office
．险情解除，警察回警局
了。
3.
虚拟语气用在由
“whether”
引导的让步状语从句中，
从句谓语
用原形动词。例如：
All
engines
work
on
this
principle,
whether
they
be
large
or
small.
所有发动机都按这一原理工作，无论它们是大还是小。
We must finish the work before we go
home,
whether it be early
or
late.
无论时间早晚，我们必须在回家前干完工作。
All matter, whether it be gas, liquid
or solid, is made up of atoms.
所有物质，不论是气体，液体，或固体，都是由原子构成。
在此句型中，可省去
whether
，而将
be
放在主语前。例如：
Be it so,
we must
continue to do the test.
We must do our
best to fulfil the task,
be it ever so
hard.
Example:
______ I'll
marry him all the same.
a. Were he rich
or poor
b. Be he rich or poor
c. Whether rich or poor d. Being rich
or poor
考点
4
：
it
is (high/about) time that
的结构中，
从句使用一般过去式。
注意：在
this is the
first time/ second time that
…
.
句型中，从句中谓
语动词用陈述语气完成时态。
This is
the second time that we have achieved such a great
success.
例如
:p186
3.
It?s
high
time
we
____
cutting
down
the
rainforests.
(2006
年
54
题
)
A. stopped
B.
had to stop
C. shall stop
D. stop
2. That was not the first time he
________ us. I think it?s high time we
________ strong actions against him.
2005.
A.
betrayed…take
B.
had
betrayed…took
C.
has
betrayed…took
D. has
betrayed…take
3. “What
courses are you going to do next
semester?”
“I don?t know. But it?s about time
______on something.” 2002
52
题
A. I?d decide
B.
I decided
C. I decide
D. I?m
deciding
5.
If
you have really been studying English for long,
it?s about time
you ___ able to write
letters in English.
（
1999
年
49
题）
A.
should be
B. were
C. must be
D. are
51. It is essential that he ________
all the facts first. (2014)
A. is
examining
examine
P181
is
absolutely
essential
that
William________his
study
in
spite
of
some learning difficulties.2007
continue
ued
ue
ues
B. will examine
C. examines
D.
Advisable,
appropriate,
desirable,
essential,
fitting,
imperative,
important,
impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper
60. It is necessary that he
____ the assignment without delay.2010
A. hand in
B. hands in
C. must hand in
D. has to hand
in
It is
imperative/necessary/important
等结构后的主语从
句中，
谓语动
词用虚拟语气，
shou
ld
加动词原形，
should
可省。
6.
It is
imperative that the government
___ more investment into
the
shipbuilding industry.
（
2006
年
59
题）
A.
attracts
D.
has to attract
B. shall attract
C.
attract
7.
It
is
imperative
that
students
___
their
term
papers
on
time. <
/p>
（
2004
年
4
6
题）
A. hand in
16.
“
It?s a shame t
hat the city
official should have gone back on his
D. handed in
B.
would
hand
in
C.
have
to
hand
in
word.” The modal auxiliary
SHOULD
express
__B_____.(2017)P201
A
obligation
B
disappointment
C
future
in
the
past
D. tentativeness
In specific contexts,
should
can denote emotional
feelings of s
orrow,
joy,
displeasure, surprise, wonder
It?s a pity
that he should
leave so soon.
It?s
unbelievable
that he should be working
so hard.
How should I know?
Should is found in expressions like
“
I should say” “I should think.”
The
hypothetical
form
here
is
simply
to
indicate
the
speaker?s
reluctance
to
commit
himself
on
matters
of
personal
feeling
or
judgment.
I should say he is just the right man
for the job.
Without any
definite modal meaning
I
insisted
that he go/should go with me.
It is imperative that
The order that
For fear that
/so that /lest
Would
can be used to make
a tactful statement, a polite request,
and
a tentative suggestion.
It would be a shame
to stop
our work halfway.