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Lesson one
1.
Virtue is, indeed must be,
self
-
centered.(para4)
正确的行动是，确实也必须是以自我为中心的。
By right
action, we mean it must help promote personal
interest.
2.
The essentials are familiar: the
poverty of the poor was the fault of the poor. And
it was
because it was
product of their excessive
fecundity
…
..(para5)
他的基本观点为人熟知：穷人的贫穷是他们咎由自取，贫穷是
热门过度生育的结果
The
poverty of the poor was caused by their having too
many children.
3.
Poverty being
caused in the bed meant that the rich were not
responsible for either its
creation or its amelioration. (para6)
贫穷源于过度生育意味着富人不应该为产生贫穷和解决贫穷承
担责任
The
rich
were not
to
blame for the existence
of
poverty
so they should not
be
asked
to
undertake the task of
solving the problem.
4.
It
is merely the working out of a law of nature and a
law of God(para8)
这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用。
It is
only the
result
or effect
of
the law
of
the survival
of
the fittest applied
to
nature
or to
human society.
5.
It declined in
popularity, and reference to it acquired a
condemnatory tone.(para9)
然
而在
20
世纪，人们认为社会学中的达尔文进化论有点过于残酷
，遭到了普遍的质疑，人们提
及它都带有谴责的口吻。
People began to reject
Social Darwinism because it seemed to glorify
brutal force and oppose
treasured values of sympathy, love and
friendship. Therefore, when it was mentioned, it
was
usually the target of
criticism.
6.
In recent years, however, it has become
clear that the search for a way of getting the
poor off
our conscience was
not at an end; it was only suspended.(para11)
然而，
最近几年，
< br>很显然我们又在试图寻求不为穷人的存在而内疚的办法．
这种尝试并没有结束，<
/p>
而只是曾经中断过一段时间。
The desire to find a way to
justify the unconcern for the poor had not been
abandoned; it had
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only been put off.
7.
In fact, we
have in the United States an extraordinarily good
public service one made up of
talented and dedicated people who are
overwhelmingly honest and only rarely given to
overpaying for monkey
wrenches, flashlights, coffee makers, and toilet
seats(para13)
实际上，
美国有非常优秀的公共服务队伍一支由富有才于和敬业精神的人组成的队伍，
他们非
常
诚实，以致像出高价购实活动扳手、手电筒、咖啡壶以及马桶坐圈以获取回扣的情况及
为罕见
Government
officials, on the whole, are good; it is very rare
that some would pay high prices
for office equipment to get kickbacks.
8.
This is perhaps our most highly
influential piece of fiction. (para15)
这种说法也许是我
们最有影响的一个虚构故事。
It is a very popular story and has been
accepted by many but it is not true.
9.
Belief can be
the servant of truth
---
but
even more of convenience.(para16)
信念可以是真理的仆人，但更多的情况下只是一时之需。
Belief can be useful in the
search for truth. But more often than not it is
accepted because it is
convenient and
self
-
serving.
10.
George
Gilder, a greatly favored figure of the recent
past, who tells to much applause that the
poor must have the cruel
spur of their own suffering to ensure
effort.(para20)
11.
最近深受欢迎的乔治吉尔德在
众人的支持声中宣称穷人应该承受一定的痛苦，才
能受到激
励而努力改变现状；
George Gilder advances the
view that only when the poor suffer from great
misery will they be
stimulated to make great efforts to
change the situation; in other words, suffering is
necessary
to force the poor
to work hard.
Lesson two
these marks of wild
country called to my father like the legendary
siren song.
可是正是这些特征，像希腊神话里
海妖那动听的歌声一样，诱惑着爸爸。
Though the
place was not pleasant and disagreeable to other
people, they were the very things
that fascinated my
father
---
its unexplored,
uncultivated natural state, and the challenge. The
attractions were
irresistible to my father, just like the legendary
siren song to sailors.
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2.I'm afraid the day's
going to catch us, I explained, wondering what
great disaster might befall
us if it
did.
“我怕天就要黑了，
”
我解释到，心里想天真的黑了，会有什么样更大的灾难降临到
我们头
上。
As a little girl, I believed my
father's words, and was genuinely afraid of the
possible disaster
--
if
we didn't hurry up, the day
would catch us and terrible things might happen.
3....from time
to time he was halfheartedly sought for trial,
though few crimes seemed to lead
directly to his door.
警察们时不时地
例行公事，试图逮捕他，但似乎找不出他违法的具体证据。
In
this place,
though
the
police wound make
some effort without
real
earnest to investigate
Watson and bring him to court, there
seemed to be little concrete evidence to prove
that he
was responsible for
certain illegal activities.
stranglehold Watson had
over this section of Florida was not dissimilar to
the unscrupulous
activities
of certain lawmen, other legal crooks, and even
governors that our state was to suffer
through its history.
沃森在佛罗里达州
这一地区的恶霸行为与我们在后来所遭受的某些执法者、法
律骗子，甚至一些地方官员们
的无耻行径毫无二致。
The control Watson had over this part
of Florida was much similar to the dishonest or
illegal
activities
of
the
law
-
enforcing
officials
and
governors
which Florida
witnessed
in the 20th
century.
5. There was the little shack, not the
most gracious of living quarters, and there was a
murderer
for our nearest
and only neighbor, about thirty miles away.
小岛上有一个简陋的木屋，算不上很好
的居住场所，唯一的近邻就是住在
30
英里外的杀人犯沃森。
Before the
family built their own house, they lived in a
shabby cabin at Gopher Key, close to the
merciless Watson.
Richard in his
gluttony never sat at a table more sumptuous than
ours was three times a
day.
..
即使是讲究美食的国王理查德也不可能像我们一样一日三餐吃着如此丰盛的野味。<
/p>
We
had abundant food on the island, and even the
meals enjoyed by King Richard, who was
famous for his love of food, couldn't
possibly compare with ours.
e the unrelenting heat, we
were happy to be let off from our hours of school
indoors,
sessions which our
mother kept every day, rain or shine.
尽管
烈日当头，
我们却很高兴不用在屋里上
课；平时每天的这个时候
，无论晴天还是下雨，妈妈都要给我们上课。
Although it was very hot
outside in the sun, we were happy to be dismissed
from my mother's
sessions
indoors. We
would have to
read and
write
with her
every
day no matter
what the
weather
was like.
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Unit 3
1.
Even droughts,
floods and heat waves may become unwitting acts of
man. (para2)
甚至干旱、洪水、热电波等都可能是人类的无心之过
What people do may
unintentionally cause droughts, floods and heat
waves.
2.
But this
image, now repeatedly thrust before us in
photographs, posters, and advertisements,
is misleading.(para4)
但这种曾无数次展现在我们面前的照片海报和广告上的景象都
是误导
The Earth we
see
in photos, posters, and
ads, which appears so beautiful, is not the true
reflection of the world we
live in.
3.
The technosphere has become
sufficiently large and intense to alter the
natural processes that
govern the ecosphere.(para5)
如此庞大和强烈的技术圈已经改变了控制生态圈的自然进程
Human activities have taken
place over such large areas and with such
intensity that they have
already caused disastrous effects on
ecology.
4. ...which could
establish itself only because it fitted properly
into the preexisting system.(para6)
但正因为鱼能适应这一业已存在的系统，它才得以立足。
The fish could play its
role because it became a necessary link with the
processes preceding it
and
the processes following it in the ecological
system.
5.
Defined so narrowly, it is no surprise
that cars have properties that are hostile to
their
environment.(para8)
若只为迎合买者和生产商汽车具有不利于环境的性能也就不足
为奇了。
When cars
are produced to serve such narrow purposes, it is
not surprising that some of their
characteristic qualities are harmful to
the environment.
rose, but
not in proportion to the rate of fertilizer
application...(para9)
产量提高了，却与肥料投入量不成正比
The farmers applied more
and more chemical fertilizer, but production did
not increase at the
same
rate.
7....their waste is
flushed into the sewer system altered in
composition but not in amount at
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treatment plant...(para11)
而它们的废物被冲送下水道，经处置后成分发生了改变但数量
没有变化．
People,
after digestion, excrete the waste which is
flushed into the sewer system. The sewage
goes to
a
treatment plant which
modifies
it,
but
it
is still
waste after being
processed. The
waste does
not reenter the life cycle but disturbs the
natural processes wherever it is dumped.
8. Left to their own
devices, ecosystems are conservative...(para12)
若生态小环境保持其自身的方式，它们将几乎保持不变，进化
速度十分锺慢。
If the ecosystems are not upset by
outside intrusion, they will remain the same with
very little
change
contrast to the ecosphere,
the technosphere is composed of objects and
materials that
reflect a
rapid and relentless process of change and
variation.(para13)
与生态圈相反，技术圈是由线性流程决定的
The characteristics of the
objects and materials in the technosphere are
rapid change and great
variety.
this
is done only at the cost of understanding.(para18)
但这种做法却是以我们的理解为代价的
If we take
sides in the war of the two worlds, we are doing
so at the risk of failing to have a
clear understanding of the nature and
cause of the war. Thus, we lose the chance to
really solve
the grave
environmental crisis.
Unit4
1.
How all my own territory would be
altered, as if a landslide had gone through it and
skimmed
off all meaning
except loss of Mike.(para13)
我的世界发生了天翻地覆的变化，就像发生了山崩，除了迈克的离去，其余
的所有记忆都被冲
掉了。
The
impact
of Mike's leaving on
my
life was
beyond my
imagination.
I
didn't expect that
Mike's leaving would have such a
tremendous power that it would change the meaning
of my
existence completely.
All my thoughts were about loss of Mike
2.
During that time of life that is
supposed to be a reproductive daze, with the
woman's mind all
swamped by
maternal juices, we were still compelled to
discuss Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur
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Koestler and The Cocktail
Party.(para19)
生命中的那段时光本应是忙
于照着孩子，
大脑处在一种产后带来的恍惚忙碌中，
可我们却讨
论着
西蒙·波娃、阿瑟·凯斯特勒以及《鸡尾酒会儿》
At that time we were young
mothers, and we were supposed to lead a terribly
busy life full of
confusion
and bewilderment caused by giving birth to and
raising babies. And our minds were
supposed to be fully occupied by how to
feed the babies and things like that. However, in
the
midst of all this we
still felt the need to discuss some of the
important thinkers of our time like
Simone de Beauvoir and
Arthur Koestler
and
T. &
Eliot's
sophisticated work The Cocktail
Party.
3.
...I would be frightened, not of any
hostility but of a kind of nonexistence.(para25)
这时我会感
觉到害怕不是因为人们之间的不友好，而是因为我感到自己不复存在。
I would be
frightened, and my fear was not caused by my
neighbors' visibly hostile and violent
way of lifts
but
by
a kind of formless and
hidden
emptiness
and
meaninglessness
of
human
existence.
What
happened around me was
totally
irrelevant
to me,
and
I
felt
very
isolated
and alienated.
4. She did not ask
me
---
was it delicacy or
disapproval?
---
about my new
life.(para29)
她没有询问我的新生活，或是
缘于不便提起，或是出于对我的新生活的不赞同
She did not ask me about my new life,
either out of subtle consideration for my feeling
about
this sensitive
subject or out of disapproval of my new life
style.