ambiguity-wallace
2016
年
6
月英语四级真题
第三套（文字版整理）
Part I Writing
（
30
minutes
）
Directions:
For this
part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter
to express your thanks
to one of your
friends who helped you most when you were in
should write at least
120 words but no
more than 180 words.
Part
III Reading Comprehension
（
40
minutes
）
Section
A
Signs barring cell-phone use are a
familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat
in
a
hospital
waiting
room.
But
the_____(26)popularity
of
electronic
medical
records
has
forced
hospital-based
doctors
to
become_____(27)on
computers
throughout
the
day,
and desktops-which keep
doctors from besides-are_____(28)giving way to
wireless
devices.
As clerical loads
increased,
always face time with
patients,
the
University
of
Chicago's
internal-medicine
program.
In
fall
2010,
she
helped_____(30)a
pilot
project
in
Chicago
to
see
if
the
iPad
could
improve
working
conditions
and
patient
care.
The
experiment
was
so_____(31)that
all
internal-medicine
program
adopted
the
same_____(32)in
2011.
Medical
schools
at
Yale
and
Stanford
now
have
paperless,
iPad-based
curriculums.
want
an
iPad
just
so
you
can
wear
this
is
the
slogan
for
one
of
the
new
lab
coats_____(33)with
large
pockets to accommodate
tablet computers.
A study of the University of Chicago
iPad project found that patients got
tests and_____(34) faster if they were
cared for by iPad-equipped
patients
also_____(35)
a
better
understanding
of
the
illnesses
that
landed
them
in
the hospital in the first
place.
ent
ed
g
ct
le
sful
ents
Section B
Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires
Guidelines to Good Life
[A] Is it
possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that
is increasingly
challenged by threats
and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic
crises and
a
widespread
outbreak
of
infectious
diseases?
The
answer
is
yes,
according
to
a
new
book The 10
Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek
Philosophers on Living a
Good
Life.
The
book
is
co-authored
by
Long
Island
University's
philosophy
professor
Michael Soupios
and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.
[B] The wisdom of the ancient Greek
philosophers is timeless, says Soupios.
The philosophy professor says it is as
relevant today as when it was first written
many centuries ago.
失效
)date on
wisdom,
is
no
shelf
life
on
intelligence.
I
think
that
things
have
become
very
gloomy
these
day,
lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot
of what the ancients would
have
called
sophistry(
诡辩
).
The
nice
thing
about
ancient
philosophy
as
offered
by
the
Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and
whole, in a way that we tend
not to see
life today.
Examine your life
[C] Soupies, along with his co-author
Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10
golden rules by turning to the men
behind that philosophy-Aristotle, Socrates,
Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others.
The first rule-examine your life-is the
common thread that runs through the
entire book. Soupios says that it is based on
Plato's observation that the unexamined
life is not worth living.
always
concerned
about
boxing
themselves
in,
in
terms
of
convictions(
信念
),
he
says.
about things like our
priorities, our values, and our
relationships.
Stop worrying about what
you can not control
[D] As we begin to
examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule
No.2: Worry
only about things that you
can control.
promoted
this
idea was
a Stoic philosopher His name
is Epictetus,
general is simply this.
There is a larger plan in life. You are not really
going
to be able to understand all of
the dimerisions of this plan. You are not going to
be able to control the dimensions of
this plan.
[E]So,
Soupios
explains,
it
is
not
worth
it
to
waste
our
physical,
intellectual
and spiritual energy
worrying about
things that
are beyond our control.
control whether or not I
wind up getting the disease swine flu, for
example.
says.
guarantee
myself
that.
So
what
Epictetus
would
say
is
sitting
at
home
worrying
about
that
would
be
wrong
and
wasterful
and
irrational.
You
should
live
your
life
attempting to identify
and control those things which you can genuinely
control.
Seek true pleasure
[F]To
have
a
meaningful,
happy
life
we
need
friends.
But
according
to
Aristotle-a
student
of
Plato
and
teacher
of
Alexander
the
Great-most
relationships
don't
qualify
as
true
friendships.
because
I
have
a
business
relationship
with
an
individual
and
I
can
profit
from
that
relationship,
it
does
not
necessarily
mean
that
this
person
is
my
friend.
Soupios
says.
friendship
is
when
two
individuals
share
the
same
soul.
It
is
a
beautiful
and
uncharacteristically
poctic
image that Aristotle
offers.
[G]In our pursuit of the good
life, he says, it is important to seek out true
pleasures-advice which was originally
offered by Epicurus. But unlike the modern
definition
of
Epicureanism
as
a
life
of
indulgence(
放纵
)and
luxury,
for
the
ancient
Greeks, it meant
finding a state of calm, peace and mental case.
[H]
was
the
highest
and
most
desirable
form
of
pleasure
and
happiness
for
the
ancient Epicureans.
worth
considering
here
in
the
modern
era.
I
do
not
think
that
we
spend
nearly
enough
time trying to
concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a
sort of contentment
in mental and
spiritual, which was identified by these people as
the gighest form
of happiness and
pleasure.
Do good to others
[I]Other golden rules counsel us to
master ourselves, to avoid excess and not
to be a
prosperous(
发迹的
)fool. There
are also rules dealing with interpersonal
relationships. Be a responsible human
being and do not do evil things to others.
[J]
Homer,
the
word's
great
religions,
in
the
Judeo-Christian
tradition
and
in
Islam
an
others-that in some
sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt
yourself.
That
damaging
other
people
in
your
community
and
in
your
life,
trashing
relationships,
results in a
kind of self-
inflicted(
自己招致的
)spiritual
wound.
[K]Instead,
Soupios
says,ancient
wisdom
urges
us
to
do
good.
Golden
Rule
No.10
for a
good life is that kindness toward others tends to
be rewarded.
[L]
is
Aesop,
the
fabulist(
寓言家
),
the
man
of
these
charming
little
tales,
often told in terms of animals and
animal relationships.
Aesop
was
suggesting
is
that
when
you
offer
a
good
turn
to
another
human
being.
One
can hope that that good deed will come
back and sort of pay a profit to you, the
doer
of
the
good
deed.
Even
if
there
is
no
concrete
benefit
paid
in
response
to
you
good
deed.
At
the
very
least,
the
doer
of
the
good
deed
has
the
opportunity
to
enjoy
a kind of spiritually
enlightened moment.
[M]Soupios
say
following
the
10
Golden
Rules
based
on
ancient
wisdom
can
guide
us
to
the
path
of
the
good
life
where
we
stop
living
as
onlookers
and
become
engaged
and happier human beings. And that, he
notes, is a life worth living.
ing
to
an
ancient
Greek
philosopher,
it
is
impossible
for
us
to
understand
every aspect of our life.
t
Philosophers saw life in a different light from
people of today.
all your business
partners are your soul mates.
can live
a peaceful life despite the various challenges of
the modern
world.
doer of a
good deed can feel spiritually rewarded even when
they gain
no concrete benefits.
to
achieve
meatal
calmness
and
contentment
is
well
worth
our
consideration today.
l Soupios suggests that we should stop
and think carefully about our
priorities in life.
t
philosophers strongly advise that we do good.
wise
teachings
of
ancient
Greek
thinkers
are
timeless,
and
are
applicable
to contemporary
life.
harm to others and you do harm
to yourself.
Section C
Passage One
Attitudes toward new technologies often
along generational lines. That is,
generally, younger people tend to
outnumber older people on the front end of a
technological shift.
It
is
not
always
the
case,
though.
When
you
look
at
attitudes
toward
driverless
cars, there doesn't seem to be a clear
generational divide. The public overall is
split on whether they'd like to use a
driverless car. In a study last year, of all
people surveyed, 48 percent said they
wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did
not.
The
face
that
attitudes
toward
self-driving
cars
appear
to
be
so
steady
across
generations
suggests
how
transformative
the
shift
to
driverless
cars
could
be.
Not
everyone wants a driverless car now-and
no one can get one yet-but among those who
are open to them, every age group is
similarly engaged.
Actually,
this
isn't
surprising.
Whereas
older
generations
are
sometime
reluctant to adopt
new technologies, driverless cars promise real
value to these
age groups in
particular. Older adults, especially those with
limited mobility or
difficulty
driving
on
their
own,
are
one
of
the
classic
useeases
for
driverless
cars.
This is
especially
interesting
when
you consider
that
younger
people are
generally more
interested in travel-related technologies than
older ones.
When it comes to driverless cars,
differences in attitude are more pronounced
based
on
factors
not
related
to
age.
College
graduates,
for
example,
are
particularly
interested in
driverless cars compared with
those who have less education, 59
percent of college graduates said they
would like to use
a driverless car
compared
with 38 percent of those with
a high-school diploma or less.
Where a
person
lives matters, too. More people who lives
in cities
and suburbs
said they wanted to try driverless cars
than those who lived in rural areas.
While
there's
reason
to
believe
that
interest
in
self-driving
cars
is
going
up
across the board, a person's age will
have little to do with how self-driving cars
can
be
becoming
mainstream.
Once
driverless
cares
are
actually
available
for
safe,
the early adopters
will be the people who can afford to buy them.
happens when a new
technology emerges?