cheer信息系统外文文献与译文

南

京

工

程

学

院

英文文献及译文

作

者：

邵亚雯

学

号：

209090712

系

部：

经济管理学院

专

业：

信息管理与信息系统

题

目：

社区自助歌曲点播平台的开发与设计

指导者：

金卫健

讲师

2010

年

4

月

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格式

.

Information Technology Support System of Supply Chain

Management

HUA JIANG

，

JING YANG

School of Economy and Management; School of KeXin

HeBei university of engeneering

Han Dan 056038

CHINA

Abstract

: - Effective supply chain management is built on the basis of

the

high

quality

of

information

transmission

and

sharing,

This

will

rely

heavily on information technology to provide reliable support. In this

paper,

against

the

characteristics

of

the

supply

chain

information

flow,

discuss the impact of information technology on supply chain management

and

support

system

which

information

technology

form

in

the

supply

chain

management.

Key- Words

: - Supply chain management; Information technology; Support

System; Information flow; Supply chain; Information

1 Introduction

Supply Chain Management (SCM) rise is attributed to enterprises trying

to eliminate production and inventory plans misleading as information

slow

transmission

or

errors.

In

1990s,

some

of

computer

manufacturers

such

as

HP,

or

P

&

G

which

product

household

appliances

begin

integrate

information

systems

of

down-upstream,

hope

to

archieve

purposes

for

rapid

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responsion

to

the

demand

of

market

and

lower

inventory

by

correct

and

rapid

transmission,

analysis

and

integration

of

information.

Therefore,

effective

supply

chain

management

is

built

on

the

basis

of

the

high

quality

of

information

transmission

and

sharing,

This

will

rely

heavily

on

information technology to provide reliable support.

In today's age, information has become a key factor in the decision to

the survival and development of enterprises, any business must face the

issue of how to integrate information. Information is from both the

vertical

information

of

the

upstream

and

downstream

firms

and

the

horizontal

information

of

the

internal

enterprise,

as

well

as

information

of

the

macro

level.

How

to

transmit

and

share

information,

to

coordinate

economic

behavior

of

the

upstream

and

downstream

enterprises

and

functional behavior of interal enterprise which is the core questions

supply chain management is to deal with. Compared with the individual

enterprises,

supply

chain

as

an

extended

enterprise,

shows

own

characteristics by its way of information flow and acquisition.

2 The Characteristics of the Supply Chain Information Flow

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2.1 Wide coverage

The information of the supply chain covers from all links of suppliers,

manufacturers to distributors and then retailers in the supply chain.

Information flow distinct into information flow of demand and supply,

these

are

two

different

flows

of

information

flow.

When

demand

information

(such as customer orders, production planning, procurement, etc.) takes

direction

from

the

demand-side

to

the

supply- side

movement,

it

triggered

logistics.

Meanwhile

supply

information

(such

as

storage

lists,

the

inventory records for sales, deliver lists), together again along with

materials for the direction of the supply chain from supply-side to

demand-side movement. The information flow of individual enterprises

mainly confined to the internal Invoicing records (see figure 1).

2.2 More access channels

As businesses in the supply chain is a collaboration relationship and

community

interests,

information

of

the

supply

chain

have

so

many

channels

to obtain. demand information isn’t only from the customers but also

distributors

and

retailers;

the

supply

Information

is

from

various

suppliers, These information flow and share in all enterprises through

the

supply

chain

information

systems

.

For

individual

enterprises,

as

it

haven’t formed the Community interests with upstream and downstream

businesses, so it is totally dependent on own collection.

2.3 High-quality information

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Because of specialization, the quality of the supply chain was superior

to the information of the single enterprise, For example, distributors

and

retailers

can

be

specifically

responsible

for

the

collection

of

demond

information,

the

suppliers

will

collect

supply

information,

Product

manufacturers collect information of products.

3 Information Technology and Supply Chain Management

The development of information technology provides an effective support

to supply chain management.

About some issues

how to thank

of the impact

of information technology on supply chain management, and how to use

information technology in supply chain management, and so on, through

studies, it basically can be summed up in three aspects :

3.1Enhance

the

sharing

of

information

on

the

supply

chain

can

effectively

improve supply chain management

When

members

of

the

supply

chain

based

only

on

information

from

neighbor

member

of

lower

levels

to

make

decision,

the

system

will

have

a

phenomenon

of magnification of demand. The reason for this situation is not the

irrational of all members, but rational decision-making in the actual

circumstances of unclear information, included demand forecast in the

unbalanced

demand,

increasing

orders

in

the

expected

shortage,

increasing

EOQ for the fixed orders costs and effects of batch. The occurrence of

this phenomenon will have a negative

impact on all members of the supply

chain. To eliminate or contain this phenomenon, within the scope of the

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supply

chain,

we

can

take

appropriate

countermeasures,

such

as

to

strengthen

information

sharing,

shorten

the

delay

time,

coordinate

purchasing and simplify marketing behavior and so on.

3.2

The

development

of

information

technology

enhances

internal

collaboration in the supply chain

The

development

of

information

technology

makes

enterprises

more

accessible

to

use

information

technology

to

exchange

and

collaborate

with

other members of and supply chain, therefore the use costs relatively

lower,

so

that

enterprises

can

choose

more

supplies

to

get

cheaper

supply

and services in the

same level

of

information use costs.

In other words,

the relationship between enterprises and their suppliers will likely

become

unreliable

and

unstable,

but

the

number

of

suppliers

which

successful

enterprises

choose

don’t

increase,

but

reduce.

In

fact,

to

establish

a

collaborative

relationship

that

it

has

a

clear

requirement

in the JIT, it just has not been given sufficient attention.

3.3 The development of information technology can help to build a more

perfect user demand model

The

end-user

is

an

important

component

of the

supply

chain,

the

response

situation

to

customer

demand

is

a

very

important

supply

chain

management

evaluation.

Better

graspping

the

demands of

users

is

the

basis

of

supply

chain

management.

Many

articles

used

similar

assumption

for

a

variety

of

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needs

and

distribution,

but

demand

is

random,

its

release

is

not

as

ideal

as

we

generally

assumed.

Therefore,

it

is

necessary

to

consider

the

demand

forecast

in

the

supply

chain

inventorycontrol

problems,

choose

different

model according to different circumstances, establish an appropriate

demand model.

4 Information Technology Support System of Supply Chain Management

The establishment of the supply chain information systems needs a large

number

of

information

technology

to

support,

we

discuss

information

technology support system in the forming of supplychain management from

the main areas of supply chain management.

The main areas of supply chain management involved: products (services)

design,

manufacturing,

marketing,

customer

service,

logistics

and

so

on.

It

is

a

synchronized,

integrated

production

plan

as

a

guide,

through

use

different types of information technology to improve the performance in

these areas (see figure 2).

Information technology to support the supply chain can be divided into

two levels.

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4.1 The first level

The first level is component with technology of identification code,

automatic

identification

and

data

collection

technology,

electronic

data

interchange technology, Information technology on the basis of Internet

technology.

4.1.1 Technology of Identification Codes

A unified information

coding

is the

basis of the exchange and sharing of

data

among

supply

chain

trading

partners.

Without

it,

automatic

identification technology and electronic data interchange (EDI) can not

be realized. Through standardization technology of information coding

applied

to

the

supply

chain

management

system,

it

is

realized

that

automated data collection in the activities of supply chain systems and

exchange

of

data

and

sharing

ofresources

between

systems.

It

can

promote

the efficient functioning of the supply chain activities.

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4.1.2 Automatic Identification and Data Collection Technology

Automatic

identification

and

data

collection

(AIDC)

has

become

the

ideal

technology

of

dealing

with

the

logistics

information

in

process

to

supply

chain

management.

Through

automatic

identification

technology,

automatic

data identification and data collection, it is ensured that High-speed

and

accurate

data

acquisition

and

real-time

control

in

the

links

of

supply

chain.

At

present,

in

the

supply

chain

management,

the

most

commonly

AIDC

technology

is

barcode

technology

and

radio

frequency

identification

technology. Barcode technology can facilitate the timely capture the

needs of the consumer, improve sales results, as take placeimmediately

automatic

retrieval

of

information

in

the

activities.

Barcode

alternative

keyboard

input

and

improve

the

accuracy

of

data

collection,

the

application of technology solve the

entry and data collection.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is a relatively new

automatic

identification

technology.

RFID

technology

can

be

characterized as non-contact identification (identification distance

from a few centimeters to tens of meters), identification of high-speed

moving objects, resistance of harsh environment, secrecy, it can also

identify a number of identified targets, therefore widely used in the

manufacturing and other unfit barcode labels environment. In the supply

chain

process

control,

it

was

widely

used

transport

vichoel

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identification

(AVI),

tracking

and

monitoring

goods,

shop

alarm

systems,

expressway

toll

and

intelligent

transportation

system

(ITS),

production

line automation and process control as well.

4.1.3 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

EDI

technology

is

method

that

transmit

and

exchange

data

between

different

enterprises

in

order

to

improve

the

efficiency

of

business

activities

on

the

basis

of

standardized

data

through

computer

networks.

EDI

is

a

essential technology of Replenishment methods of rapid response (QR),

Efficient Consumer Response (ECR). At present, almost all of the supply

chain

management

methods

of

operation

without

the

support

of

EDI

technology.

the

main

functions

of

EDI

performance

electronic

data

transmission and exchange, evidence for transmission data, instruments

standard

format

for

data

conversion,

security,

and

providing

information

inquiries,

providing

technical

advisory

services,

providing

the

value-added information services. Global 500 biggest enterprises which

are selected by the American Fortune magazine have applied their EDI

systems

with

major

customers

and

suppliers

to

exchange

business

information.

4.1.4 Internet Technology

The development of Internet technology supplies a the basis tool of

relatively, quick and

cheap

for members

of the supply chain to

share and

exchange information. With development and mature of wireless Internet

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