barely-真情
寒假长难句之每日一句
1
月
15
日
1
.
Yet, in
several instances, justices acted in ways that
weaken the court's reputation
for being
independent and impartial.
【分析】
复合句。
主句主干为
justices
acted
。
in several instances
和
in
ways
作状语,
that
引导定语从句修饰
ways
。
【译文】
然而,
在一些情况下,
法官的行为方式削弱了法院保
持中立且公正的名声。
1
月
16
日
2.
That kind of activity makes it less likely that
the court's decisions will be accepted
as impartial judgments.
【分析
】
复合句,
主句为
That kind of activity makes it less
likely, it
是形式宾语,
真
正的宾语是
that
引导的名词性从句。
【译文】这类行为使得法院的裁定被认为是公正判决的可能性
有所下降。
1
月
17
日
3. At the
very least, the court should make itself subject
to the code of conduct that
applies to
the rest of the federal judiciary.
【分析】
复合句。
At the
very least
在句首作状语,
that
引导定语从句修饰
the code
of
conduct
。
【译文】至少,法院应当服从适用
于联邦司法系统其余部门的行为准则。
1
月
18
日
4. They gave justices permanent
positions so they would be free to upset those in
power and have no need to cultivate
political support.
【分析】
复合句。
主句为
They gave justices permanent positions,
so
引导目的状语从
句,从句主干为
they would be free...and have no
need...
。
【译文】他们给予法官们终身任期,以便法官们能自由地推翻
当权者,且无需拉拢
政治支持。
1<
/p>
月
19
日
5. Constitutional law is
political because it results from choices rooted
in
fundamental social concepts like
liberty and property.
【分析】
复合句。
主句为
Constitutional law is
political
。
because
引导原因状语从句
;
其中分词短语
r
ooted in...
作定语修饰
choices,
介词短语
like liberty and property
修饰
concepts
。
【译文】
宪法是由植根于自由和所有权等基本社会观念的选择造成的,
因此它是政
治性的。
1
月
20
日
the court deals with social policy
decisions, the law it shapes is inescapably
political
—
which
is why decisions split along ideological lines are
so easily dismissed
as unjust.
【分析】多重复合句。主句为
t
he law...is
inescapably political
。
when
引导时间状
语从句
;it
shapes
为省略引导词的定语从句,修饰
the law, it
指代
the court; which
引导
非限定性定语从句,修饰主句,其中包含
why
引导的表语从句。
【译文】
当法院处理社会决策时,它适用的法律不可避免地具有政治性
——
这也就
是为什么不同意识形态的决策容易被认为是不公正的而不予考虑
。
1
月
21
日
7. The justices
must address doubts about the court's legitimacy
by making
themselves accountable to the
code of conduct.
【分析】
简单句。
句子主干为
The justices must address
doubts
,
介词短语
about
the court's legitimacy
修饰
doubts
,
by
making...
作方式状语。
【译文】法官必须通过对行为准则负责来解除人们对于法院公正性的怀疑。
1
月
22
日
8. Laughter
does produce short-term changes in the function of
the heart and its
blood vessels,
boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption.
【分析】简单句。句子主干为
Laughter does produce short-term
changes
。
介词短语
in the
function of...
作
changes
的后置定语,
句末的现在分词短语
boosting...
作伴随状语。
【译文】
“
笑
”
确实能给心血管带来短期的变化
,提高心率以及对氧气的吸收。
1
月
23
日
9.
But because hard laughter is difficult to sustain,
a good laugh is unlikely to have
measurable benefits the way, say,
walking or jogging does.
<
/p>
【分析】
复合句。
句首为
because
引导的原因状语从句。
主句的主干为
a good laugh
is unlikely to
have measurable
benefits
,主句包含
the
way
引导的方式状语从句,
say
作
插入语。
【译文】但是,由于
“
大笑
”
很难持续,一场酣畅淋漓的大笑给心血管带来的好处,
不可能会像散步和
慢跑给心血管带来的好处那样明显可见。
1
< br>月
24
日
10. It was argued at the end of the
19th century that humans do not cry because they
are sad but they become sad when the
tears begin to flow.
【分析】
复合句。
句首
It
为形式主语,
真正的主语为
that
引导的从句。
从句由
but
连接的并列复合句构成,
第一
个分句包含
because
引导的
原因状语从句,
第二个分句包
含
when
引导的时间状语从句。
<
/p>
【译文】
19
世纪末曾有人提到:人类不
是因为悲伤而哭泣,而是因为流泪而悲伤。
1
月
25
日
11. In an experiment
punished in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack
of the
University of Wurzburg in
Germany asked volunteers to hold a pen either with
their
teeth
—
thereby
creating an artificial
smile
—
or with their lips,
which would
produce
a disappointed expression.
【分析】
复合句。
< br>句子主干为
social psychologist
Fritz Strack ...asked volunteers to hold
a
pen...
。句首的介词短语作整句话的状语
;either
with ...or with...
作动词
hold
的方式状
语,第一个状语后
的现在分词短语作目的状语,第二个状语后
which
引导非限定性定
语从句。
【译文】
1988
年发表过一项实验,德国维尔茨
堡大学的社会心理学家弗里茨
·
斯特
拉
克和他的同事们招募了一批志愿者。
他们让一部分人用牙齿咬住一支笔,
从而在脸上
制造出
“
人工笑脸
”;
或是用嘴唇叼着笔,从而产生
“<
/p>
沮丧表情
”
。
1
月
26
日<
/p>
12. Those forced to
exercises their smiling muscles reacted more
enthusiastically to
funny cartoons than
did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,
suggesting
that expressions may
influence
emotions rather
than just the other way around.
【分析】复合句。主句为
Those... reacted more enthusiastically
to funny cartoons
,过
去分词短语
forced to...
作后置定语修饰
those
。
than
引导比较状语从句,该从句中的主
语
those
由定语从句修饰,因其较长,谓语又因与主句重复而省略为
<
/p>
did
,所以用倒装
语序。
Suggesting...
为现在分词结构作结果状语,其中包含
that
引导的宾语从句。
【译文】那些用牙齿咬着笔,表现
出笑容的人比那些用嘴唇叼着笔、表现出沮丧神
情的人在看搞笑的动画片时所作出的反应
更丰富。
这就证明了表情能够影响情绪,
而不
< br>是情绪影响表情。
2
月
5
日
13.
Instead, the studies ended up giving their name to
the
extremely influential idea that the
very act of being experimented upon changes
subjects' behavior.
【分析】
复合句。
< br>句子主干为
the studies ended
up giving their name to the
effect
。
the
extremely influential
idea...
补充说明
Hawthorne effect
,
是其同位语,
其中
idea
之后是
that
引导的同位语从句。同位语从句中,主句为
the very act
,
of
being
experimented upon
是其后置定语,谓语为
changes
,宾语是
subjects'
behavior
。
【译文】然而,
这些研究最终以被冠之为
“
霍桑效应
”
的概念而告终,这个极具影响
力的概念认为,仅仅是接受实验这
一行为就足以使受试者的表现发生改变。
2
< br>月
6
日
14. According to accounts
of the experiments, their hourly output rose when
lighting was increased, but also it was
dimmed.
【分析】复合句。句子主干为
their hourly output
rose
。
连接两个由
when
引导的
并列时间状语从句,
后一时间状语从句中
p>
it
指代的是
lighting
。
此处注意
not
only...but
also...
结构在实际运用中可以
省略
not only
或
but
also
。
According
to
作状语。
【译文】实验报告表明
,当照明灯变亮时,女工们每小时的产出会增加,而当照明
灯变暗时,她们每小时的产出
仍会增加。
2
月
7
日
15. An awareness that they were being
experimented upon seemed to be enough to
alter worker's behavior by itself.
【分析】复合句。句子主干为
。
An awareness...seemed to be
enough to alter...
。
that
引导同位语从句补充说明
a
wareness
,
其中
they
指代后面的
workers
。
Be enough
to do
“
足以
...”
。
【译文】
只要意识
到她们在接受实验,
这一意识本身似乎就足以改变工人们的行为。
2
月
8
日