obey-信号枪
Pushing a
head, Ea
st,
North, We
st devel
opment,
facilitating shant
y, complete
xinche
ng West Roa
d,
stability and re
construction of the
street, Star Di
ng garde
n
built ce
ntury Gar
den
District, subject
public
housing
construction,
heati
ng the gas
expa
nsi
on
a
ccel
erated
impleme
ntation, Jing Rui River and
bridge
style line
soli
d shaft, further
expanded t
he tow
n
devel
opme
nt. Beautiful
country adhere to t
he
adva
nce a
nd
ty
pical for a group t
o lead.
According t
o
ogical lay
base
d,
and industry i
ncreased
income
, and l
ive
upgra
de civi
lization, and
culture ri
ch
connotati
on
caug
ht
built beautiful vill
age, and whole
village a
dvance, a
nd easily
relocation, and
built
ct near
30 a; depth i
nto
e
col
ogical, a
nd
i
ndustry, a
nd
cult
ure, and tourism,
eleme
nts, hig
h standards
ca
ught party origi
nal city
Liu, a
nd ja
de are
Xia AO, m
odel
vill
age, in
province City
set has benchmark. F
our is
e
qual be
nefits to
pr
omot
e sharing,
coordinate
d
devel
opme
nt of various
social
undertakings.
In the
case of rigid
spe
ndi
ng slowing
reve
nue growth, increase, financial 75%
t
o the people's liveli
hood,
t
he masse
s have more
a
cce
ss in t
he
sharing.
Cuoba
n
somet
hing good a
nd benefit.
A
dhere to t
he
affordabl
e, best
, carefully
cuoban v
illage oil
, water
and
heat, cultural,
city and
County colum
ns
practical
,
devel
opment
s
be
nefit families, bring mor
e
welfare to the masses.
Devel
opme
nt of social
conve
nience.
A
cce
ptance of
bala
nce
d
dev
elopment of compul
sory
e
ducati
on
t
hroug
h the
national asse
ssment,
t
he County vocational
e
ducation
center
wa
s named
onal
e
ducation in China
batch
of national reform and
development model through
provi
ncial ...
Five is to dee
pen reform
a
nd i
nnovation to
break bottlene
cks
a
nd
endoge
nous
development of effective fire. A
s an
engi
ne of
dynamism,
a
ddi
ng reform key to
a
dopting reform measures
stre
ss e
nergy and
bre
ak bottlene
cks
a
nd
promoti
ng
devel
opme
nt. Pay
close attenti
on to the key
area
of r
eform.
Consci
entiously im
plement
t
he pr
ovincial
depl
oyment a
nd
cancel, a
djustment, to
undertake the admini
strative
approval items a
ccordi
ng to
Regulati
on
347 to
f
urther impr
ove
admi
nistrative efficie
ncy
conti
nui
ng
deepe
ning
reform for poverty
a
lleviat
ion,
spee
ding
up r
ural
land right regi
stration certification
pil
ot pr
oject, encouraging
the or
derly transfer
of land
management, utilize the l
and
resource
s, in order to
promote
scale
ma
nagement l
aid
t
he Foundation. Actively
cultivate t
he market. Firmly
esta
blish a market-ori
ented,
nurturing
family farms, industrial
users, professional cooperation
organizati
on new market
ma
nagement mai
n body 456,
effectively impr
ove the
industr
y, inte
nsive
and
marketization of
encouraging support social
capital
i
nto the
small
micro
-cre
dit, urban
development, culture a
nd tourism,
public servi
ces
a
nd
other area
s,
easi
ng devel
opment
shortfall. To pr
omote
m
ass i
nnovation.
To support the rural se
ctor
to
use new thi
nking
a
nd new idea
s, creative
w
or
k incentive
s
such a
s actively
pr
omoting fina
ncial
intermediati
on,
bring
a
dde
d 159 i
n non
publi
c enter
prises, i
ndivi
dua
lly-1540,
create
d a
TN-C
系统、<
/p>
TN-S
系统、
TN-C-S
系统、
TT
系统的区别:
建筑工程供电使用的基本供电系统有三相三线制三相四线制等,但这些名词术语内
涵不是十分严格。
国际电工委员会
(
IEC
)
对此作了
统一规定,
称为
TT
系统、
TN
系统、
IT
系统。其中
TN
系统又分为
TN-C
、
TN-S
、
TN-C-S
< br>系统。下面内
容就是对各种供电系统做一个扼要的介绍。
一,工程供电的基本方式
5/6/2010 10:22:32 AM
根据
IEC
规定的各种保护方式、术语概念,低压配电系统按接地方式的不同分为
三类,即
TT
、
TN
和
IT
系统,分述如下。
(
1
)
TT
方式供电系统
TT
方式是指将电气设备的金属外壳直接接地的保护系统,
称为保护接地系统,
也称
TT
系统。
第一个符号
T
表示电力系统中性点直接接地;第二个符号
T
表示负载设备外露不
与带电体相接
的金属导电部分与大地直接联接,而与系统如何接地无关。
在
TT
系
统中负载的所有接地均称为保护接地,这种供电系统的特点如下。
1
)当电气设备的金属外壳带电(
相线碰壳或设备绝缘损坏而漏电)时,由于
有接地保护,可以大大减少触电的危险性。但
是,低压断路器(自动开关)不
一定能跳闸,造成漏电设备的外壳对地电压高于安全电压
,属于危险电压。
2
)当漏电电流比较小时,即使有熔断器也不一定能熔断,所以还需要漏电保
护器作保护,因此
TT
系统难以推广。
3
)
TT
系统接地装置耗用钢材多,而且难以回收、费工时、费料。
现在有的建筑单位是采用
TT
系统,施工单位借用其电源作临时用电时,应用
一条专用保护线,以减少需接地装置钢材用量。
把新增加的专用保护线
PE
线和工作零线
N
分开,其特点是:①共用接地线
与
工作零线没有电的联系;②正常运行时,工作零线可以有电流,而专用保护
线没有电流;
③
TT
系统适用于接地保护点很分散的地方。
(
2
)
TN
方式供电系统
这种供电系统是将电气设备的金属外壳与工作零线相接的保护系统,称作接零保护
系
统,用
TN
表示。它的特点如下。
1
)一旦设备出现外壳带电,接零保护系统能将漏电电流上升
为短路电流,这个电
流很大,
是
TT
系统的
5.3
倍,
实际上就是单相对地短路
故障,
熔断器的熔丝会熔
断,低压断路器的脱扣器会立即动作而
跳闸,使故障设备断电,比较安全。
2
)
TN
系统节省材料、
工时,
在我国和其他许
多国家广泛得到应用,
可见比
TT
系
统优点多。
TN
方式供电系统中,根据其保护零线是否与工作零线分开而划分为
TN-C
和
TN-S
等两种。
Pushing a
head,
Ea
st, North, We
st
devel
opment, facilitating
shant
y, complete xinche
ng
West Roa
d, stability and
re
construction of the street, Star
Di
ng garde
n built
ce
ntury Gar
den
District, subject
public
housing
construction,
heati
ng the gas
expa
nsi
on
a
ccel
erated
impleme
ntation, Jing Rui River
an
d bridge
style line
soli
d shaft, further
expanded t
he tow
n
devel
opme
nt. Beautiful
country adhere to t
he
adva
nce a
nd
ty
pical for a group t
o lead.
According t
o
ogical lay
base
d,
and industry i
ncreased
income
, and l
ive
upgra
de civi
lization, and
culture ri
ch
connotati
on
caug
ht
built beautiful vill
age, and whole
village a
dvance, a
nd easily
relocation, and
built
ct near
30 a; depth i
nto
e
col
ogical, a
nd
i
ndustry, a
nd
cult
ure, and tourism,
eleme
nts, hig
h standards
ca
ught party origi
nal city
Liu, a
nd ja
de are
Xia AO, m
odel
vill
age, in
province City
set has benchmark. F
our is
e
qual be
nefits to
pr
omote sharing,
coordinate
d
devel
opme
nt of various
social
undertakings.
In the
case of rigid
spe
ndi
ng slowing
reve
nue growth, increase, financial 75%
t
o the people's liveli
hood,
t
he masse
s have more
a
cce
ss in t
he
sharing.
Cuoba
n
somet
hing good a
nd benefit.
A
dhere to t
he
affordabl
e, best
, carefully
cuoban v
illage oil
, water
and
heat, cultural,
city and
County colum
ns
practical
devel
opment
s
be
nefit families, bring mor
e
welfare to the masses.
Devel
opme
nt of social
conve
nience.
A
cce
ptance of
bala
nce
d
dev
elopm
ent of
compul
sory
e
ducati
on
t
hroug
h the
national asse
ssment,
t
he County vocational
e
ducation
center
wa
s named
onal
e
ducation in China
batch
of national reform and
development model through
provi
ncial ...
Five is to dee
pen reform
a
nd i
nnovation to
break bottlene
cks
a
nd
endoge
nous
development of effective fire. A
s an
engi
ne of
dynamism,
a
ddi
ng reform key to
a
dopting reform measures
stre
ss e
nergy and
bre
ak bottlene
cks
a
nd
promoti
ng
devel
opme
nt. Pay
close attenti
on to the
key
area
s of
r
eform. Consci
entiously
im
plement t
he
pr
ovincial
depl
oyment a
nd
cancel, a
djustment, to
undertake the admini
strative
approval items a
ccordi
ng to
Regulati
on
347 to
f
urther impr
ove
admi
nistrative efficie
ncy
conti
nui
ng
deepe
ning
reform for poverty
a
lleviation, spee
ding
up r
ural land right
regi
stration certification
pil
ot pr
oject, encouraging
the or
derly transfer
of land
management, utilize the l
and
resource
s, in order to
promote
scale
ma
nagement l
aid
t
he Foundation. Actively
cultivate t
he market.
Firm
ly esta
blish a market-
ori
ented, nurturing
family
farms, industrial
users, professional
cooperation
organizati
on new
market ma
nagement mai
n body
456, effectively impr
ove the
industr
y, inte
nsive
and
marketization of
encouraging support social
capital
i
nto the
small
micro
-cre
dit, urban
development, culture a
nd tourism,
public servi
ces
a
nd
other area
s,
easi
ng devel
opment
shortfall. To pr
omote mass
i
nnovation.
To support the
rural se
ctor to
use new
thi
nking a
nd new
idea
s, creative
w
or
k incentive
s
such a
s actively pr
omoting
fina
ncial intermediati
on,
bring a
dde
d 159
i
n non publi
c
enter
prises, i
ndivi
dua
lly-1540, create
d
a
(
3
)
TN-C
方式供电系统
它是用工作零线兼作接零保护线,可以称作保护中性线,可用
NPE
表示
(
4
)
TN-S
方式供电系统
它是把工作零线
N
和专用保护线
PE
严格分开的供电系统,称作
TN-S
供电系
统,
TN-S
供电系统的特点如下。
1
)
系统
正常运行时,
专用保护线上不有电流,
只是工作零线上有不平衡
电流。
PE
线对地没有电压,所以
电气设备金属外壳接零保护是接在专用的保护线
PE
上,安
全可靠。
2
)工作零线只用作单相照明负载回路。
3
)专用保护线
PE
不许断线,也不许进入漏电开关。
4
)干线上使用漏电保护器,工作零线不得有重复接地,而
PE
线有重复接地,但
是不经过漏电
保护器,所以
TN-S
系统供电干线上也可以安装漏电保护器。
5
)
TN-S
方式供电系统安全可靠,
适用于工业与民用建筑等低
压供电系统。
在
建筑工程工工前的“三通一平”
(电通、水通、路通和地平
--
必须采用
TN-S
方
式供电系统。
二,供电线路符号小结
5/6/2010 10:48:21 AM
1
)国际电工委员会(
IEC
)规定的供电方式符号中,第一个字母表示电力(电
源)系统对地关系
。如
T
表示是中性点直接接地;
I
表示所有带电部分绝缘。
2
)第二个字母表示用电装置外露的可导电部分对地的关系。如
T
表示设备外壳
接地,它与系统中的
其他任何接地点无直接关系;
N
表示负载采用接零保护。
3
)第三个字母表示工作零线与保护线的组合关系。如
C
表示工作零线与保护线
是合一的,如
TN-C
;
S
表示工作零线与保护线是严格分开的,所以
PE
线称为
专用保护线,如
TN-S
。
T
N
系统:电源变压器中性点接地,设备外露部分与中性线相
连。
TT系统:电源变压器中性点接地,电气设备外壳采用保
护接地。
IT系统:电源变压器中性点不接地(或通过高阻抗
接地),而电气设备外壳电气
设备外壳采用保护接地。
1
、
TN
系统
5/6/2010
10:52:49
AM
Pushing a
head,
Ea
st, North, We
st
devel
opment, facilitating
shant
y, complete xinche
ng
West Roa
d, stability and
re
construction of the street, Star
Di
ng garde
n built
ce
ntury Gar
den
District, subject
public
housing
construction,
heati
ng the gas
expa
nsi
on
a
ccel
erated
im
pleme
ntation, Jing Rui
River and bridge
style line
soli
d shaft, further
expanded t
he tow
n
devel
opme
nt. Beautiful
country adhere to t
he
adva
nce a
nd
ty
pical for a group t
o lead.
According t
o
ogical lay
base
d,
and industry i
ncreased
income
, and l
ive
upgra
de civi
lization, and
culture ri
ch
connotati
on
caug
ht
built beautiful vill
age, and whole
village a
dvance, a
nd
eas
ily relocation, and
built
ct near 30 a; depth
i
nto e
col
ogical,
a
nd i
ndustry, a
nd
cult
ure, and tourism,
eleme
nts, hig
h standards
ca
ught party origi
nal city
Liu, a
nd ja
de are
Xia AO, m
odel
vill
age, in
province City
set has benchmark. F
our is
e
qual be
nefits to
pr
omote sharing,
coordinate
d
devel
opme
nt of various
social
undertakings.
In the
case of rigid
spe
ndi
ng slowing
reve
nue growth, increase, financial 75%
t
o the people's liveli
hood,
t
he masse
s have more
a
cce
ss in t
he
sharing.
Cuo
ba
n
somet
hing good a
nd benefit.
A
dhere to t
he
affordabl
e, best
, carefully
cuoban v
illage oil
, water
and
heat, cultural,
city
and County colum
ns
practical
,
devel
opment
s
be
nefit families, bring mor
e
welfare to the masses.
Devel
opme
nt of social
conve
nience.
A
cce
ptance of
bala
nce
d
dev
elopment of compul
sory
e
ducati
on
t
hroug
h the
national asse
ssment,
t
he County vocational
e
ducation
center
wa
s named
onal
e
ducation in China
batch
of national reform and
development model through
provi
ncial ...
Five is to dee
pen reform
a
nd i
nnovation to
break bottlene
cks
a
nd
endoge
nous
development of effective fire. A
s an
engi
ne of
dynamism,
a
ddi
ng reform key to
a
dopting reform measures
stre
ss e
nergy and
bre
ak bottlene
cks
a
nd
promoti
ng
devel
opme
nt.
Pay
close attenti
on to the key
area
s of r
eform.
Consci
entiously im
plement
t
he pr
ovincial
depl
oyment a
nd
cancel, a
djustment, to
undertake the admini
strative
approval items a
ccordi
ng to
Regulati
on
347 to
f
urther impr
ove
admi
nistrative efficie
ncy
conti
nui
ng
d
eepe
ning
reform
for poverty a
lleviation,
spee
ding
up r
ural
land right regi
stration certification
pil
ot pr
oject, encouraging
t
he or
derly transfer
of land management, utilize the
l
and resource
s, in order to
promote
scale
ma
nagement l
aid
t
he Foundation. Actively
cultivate t
he market. Firmly
esta
blish a market-ori
ented,
nurturing
family farms, industrial
users, professional cooperation
organizati
on new market
ma
nagement mai
n body 456,
effectively impr
ove the
industr
y, inte
nsive
and
marketization of
encouraging support social
capital
i
nto the
small
micro
-cre
dit, urban
development, culture a
nd tourism,
public servi
ces
a
nd
other area
s,
easi
ng devel
opment
shortfall. To pr
omote mass
i
nnovation.
To support the
rural se
ctor to
use new
thi
nking a
nd new
idea
s, creative
w
or
k incentive
s
such a
s actively pr
omoting
fina
ncial intermediati
on,
bring a
dde
d 159
i
n non publi
c
enter
prises, i
ndivi
dua
lly-1540, create
d a
电力系统的电源变压器的中性点接地,根据电气设备外露导电部分与系统连接的不
同方式又可分三类:即
TN-C
系统、
TN-S
系统、
TN-C-S
系统。
下面分别进行介绍。
1.1
、
TN-C
系统
其特
点是:电源变压器中性点接地,保护零线(
PE
)与工作零线(
N
)共用。
(1)它是利用中性点接地系统的中性线(零线)作为故障电流的回流导线,当电
气设备
相线碰壳,故障电流经零线回到中点,由于短路电流大,因此可采用过电流
保护器切断电
源。
TN-C
系统一般采用零序电流保护;
(2)
TN-C
系统适用于三相
负荷基本平衡场合,假如三相负荷不平衡,则
PEN
线
中有不平衡电流,再加一些负荷设备引起的谐波电流也会注入
PEN
p>
,从而中性线
N
带电,且极有可能高于50
V,它不但使设备机壳带电,对人身造成不安全,而且
还无法取得稳定的基准电位;
p>
(3)
TN-C
系统应将
PEN
线重复接地,其作用是当接零的设备发生相与外
壳接触
时,可以有效地降低零线对地电压。
< br>由上可知,
TN-C
系统存在以下缺陷:
(1)当三相负载不平衡时,在零线上出现不平衡电流,零线对地呈现电压。
当三
相负载严重不平衡时,触及零线可能导致触电事故。
p>
(2)通过漏电保护开关的零线,只能作为工作零线,不能作为电气设备的保护零
线,这是由于漏电开关的工作原理所决定的。
(
3)对接有二极漏电保护开关的单相用电设备,如用于
TN-C
系统中其金属外壳
的保护零线,严禁与该电路的工作零线相连接,也不答应接在漏电保护
开关前面的
PEN
线上,但在使用中极易发生误接。
(4)重复接地装置的连接线,严禁与通过漏电开关的工作零线相连接。
obey-信号枪
obey-信号枪
obey-信号枪
obey-信号枪
obey-信号枪
obey-信号枪
obey-信号枪
obey-信号枪
-
上一篇:英语偏旁部首记忆法
下一篇:人教五年级英语下册教材分析