熔点MTI必备改革开放30年经典热词英语翻译

是

Weblog

的简称，而

Weblog

则是由

Web

和

Log

两个英文单词组合而成。

Weblog

就是在网络上发布和阅读的流水记录，

通常

称为“网络日志”，简称为“网志”。

炒股

to speculate in the stock market

炒股就是买卖股票，

靠做股票生意而牟利。

“股市有风险，

入市需谨慎”这句话是 每个投资

者都应该牢记在心的。

改革开放

30

年经典热词英语翻译－经 济类

“三农”问题

Issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area

A short term for the issues related with agriculture, farmer and rural area. Formally

raised by researchers on rural issues in the late 1980s, the issues were regarded as

of high importance for the country’s economic and social development.

After fixing numerous policies to nurture agriculture, improve the life of farmers

and speed the development of rural areas, the central government pointed out

during the 2004 Central Economic Work Conference that these issues were “the

most important of all the important works for the Party”. And more policies and

measures are put in place in this regard.

两限房

House of “Two Limits”

Houses with lower prices and limited areas specially for families with low or middle

income. In May 2006, the State Council required local governments to boost the

supply of houses at low and middle prices to ensure the families of modest income

could afford them. Specific guidelines about the qualifications and the details of

the property transfer are set by local governments.

Houses of “two limits” are usually sold at a price 30 percent lower than the

market price. In Beijing, families with an annul income under 88,000 yuan and a

per capita dwelling space under 15 square meters are eligible to apply for houses

of “two limits”.

.

.

农村税费改革

Rural Tax and Fee Reform

A reform in rural areas to ease the financial burden on farmers.

In 2000, a pilot program was started in Anhui province under which the agricultural

tax rate was cut, other agriculture- related taxes and fees were either written off or

merged. The central government subsidized local governments through transfer

payments to balance their reduced revenue.

The pilot program was soon extended to other regions and the agricultural tax

was totally done away with in 2006 throughout the country, marking the

completion of this reform. Now farmers do not pay any tax except those growing

tobacco.

“三沿”地区开放

Opening-up of seashore, river shore and border areas

A policy to open the areas along the coast, along the major inland rivers and

those on the country’s borderline to foreign investors and stimulate the

economic development with their geographic advantages. Since China

launched the opening-up policy in the late 1970s, it chose four cities in southeast

coastal areas and established special economic zones as a pilot program. In 1984,

14 port cities along the coastline were opened to foreign investors and businesses.

The Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta were opened up in 1985. And

four cities on the country’s northern borderline followed suit in 1990.

Based on the experiences from the special economic zones, this policy is an

important step in spreading the opening-up strategy across the country.

农村土地承包制

Rural Land Contract System

A fundamental economic system in rural areas guaranteeing farmers’ rights to

land owned by the collectives and the State by signing long-term contracts. Since

the household responsibility system became an accepted form of agricultural

land tenure in the early 1980s, the State formally approved farmers’ rights to rural

land in 1986 by stipulating all farmers have the right to undertake rural land

contracts based up

on families in the General Principles of the Civil Law. In 2002, a specific law

governing rural land contract granted farmers inheritance rights to their land and

the ability to exchange land with one another, to sub-rent, to pool land and to

mortgage it for credit. The land contract has an extendable term of at least 30

years and cannot be suspended without bilateral agreements.

抓大放小

Restructuring Major Enterprises and Relaxing Control over Small Ones

.

.

A strategy for reforming the State-owned enterprises stressing that the major

enterprises in key sectors should be supported to gain further development while

the smaller ones should compete in the market.

Initiated in the mid-1990s when the country tried to step up the efficiency of

State-owned enterprises as a whole, the strategy was formally accepted as a

principle for reforming the public- owned economy in 1997. Big public enterprises

were encouraged to develop into groups or establish partnership with each other.

Smaller public enterprises were reformed flexibly through market-oriented means,

like becoming shareholding businesses, acquisition and merger and contracting

managing rights to individuals.

经济适用房

Economical Housing

Housing sold at low prices to low-income earners to get them affordable shelters.

Starting in 1998, the central government decided to offer favorable policies to

housing developers so that they could build apartments of specified sizes and

prices. Families with living floor space or income under given standards could

apply for purchasing the apartments at prices much lower than the market prices.

Eligibility standards for purchasing economical housing are set by provincial

authorities according to local situations. Economical housing is subject to special

clauses for trading in market, which discourage profiting from the property. It is an

integrated part of the State efforts to shelter groups with limited financial

resources.

三资企业

Foreign-funded enterprises

A term for three kinds of foreign-invested enterprises or ventures in China, which

include Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative businesses, and exclusively

foreign-owned enterprises. As an economic entity responsible for their own profits

and losses, these enterprises are set up within China after being approved by

relevant State de

partments and are run in accordance with China’s laws. Since

reform and opening-up in 1978, these enterprises have played an important role in

helping the country absorb foreign investment, introduce foreign advanced

technologies and management know-how, as well as expand export.

铁饭碗

Iron Rice Bowl

A guaranteed job many Chinese people dreamed of getting during the era of the

planned economy. People didn’t need to worry about their future once they

gained a post usually in government departments and State or collectively run

factories. But since the reform and opening-up

.24en.

was adopted in 1978 and

the new labor system and the market economy came into being, such a stable

employment model, which hindered people’s creati

vity to a large extent, has

gradually been shattered. The establishment of the new and competitive

.

.

employment model has contributed a lot to the country’s productivity and its

rapid development.

菜篮子工程

Non-Staple Food Project

In 1988, the Ministry of Agriculture started this project against a background that

the country could not produce enough non-grain food with rich diversity. Under

the project, agricultural bases were established to boost production and supply,

and special markets for agricultural produce were set up. By the mid 1990s, food

diversity was improved and a reserve network was established around the country.

The project then shifted its focus on food safety and branding.

西部大开发

Western Development

A drive launched by the central government in 2000 to promote social and

economic progress in the central and western parts of the country, which are

relatively less developed than the rest of the country.

By injecting financial aid and offering favorable policies, the State wants to speed

up infrastructure construction, industrialization and poverty eradication in these

areas. Officials, technicians and other qualified talents have been dispatched

from the eastern regions to lend a hand.

The campaign covers nearly 400 million people living in Chongqing Municipality,

Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province, Yunnan Province, the Tibet Autonomous

Region, Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, the Ningxia Hui

Autonomous Region, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the Inner Mongolia

Autonomous Region, and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

又好又快发展

Sound and Fast Development

A goal set for China’s economic progress that underscores both quality and

speed. Officials attending the Central Economic Work Conference in 2005 made

“fast and sound” development one of the country’s goals. It was revised

to

“sound and fast” development at the following year’s conference. In his report

to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2007, General

Secretary Hu Jintao said the economy must advance in a comprehensive,

balanced and sustainable

manner by putting “sound” before “fast”. The

change demonstrates the central government’s determination to bring about a

shift in the country’s economic growth mode.

小康社会

A moderately prosperous society

.

.

A blueprint for the development of the society featuring comprehensive

improvement in the economy, democracy, science and technology, social

culture, and people’s lives.

In the 1980s, late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping set a target for the country to

realize “a moderately prosperous society” by 2000, which was mostly about

growth in the economic indicators.

Jiang Zemin, the former president, officially widened the concept to cover more

social aspects in his report to the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party

of China in 2002. Besides quadrupling the country’s GDP of 2000 by 2020, other

targets included implementing the rule of law, fostering market economy,

ensuring universal coverage of social security, and helping most people live a

comfortable life.

President Hu Jintao in his report to the 17th CPC National Congress added new

elements to the blueprint by stressing transformation of the economic

development pattern, and sustainability of growth.

循环经济

Circular Economy

A model for economic growth which aims at environmental protection

Under this model, resources are used with higher efficiency and reused and

recycled when possible, so that pollution is minimized and waste is reduced as

much as possible. It also involves the transformation of industrial organization and

allocation, urban infrastructure, environmental protection, technological

paradigms, and social welfare distribution.

An important part in China’s effort toward sustainable development, circular

economy

was officially raised as a target for China’s future growth in 2004. The

State Council issued a file about promoting it in July 2005, making it a key

guideline in the 11th Five-Year Plan and to achieve the specific goals in energy

conservation and pollution reduction before 2020.

社会主义新农村

Socialist New Countryside

To address the increasingly conspicuous imbalance in the country’s economic

landscape, the fourth generation leadership of the Communist Party of China

(CPC) has gone to great lengths to correct the urban-

rural divide. “So

cialist New

Countryside” is to date the most comprehensive solution it has prescribed.

The concept first appeared in early 2005 in a major policy paper on rural

development. The CPC-

proposed a blueprint for the country’s 11th Five

-Year

Plan (2006-10).rr365

.. It portrays the “new countryside” as featuring “advanced

.