变化-magia
高
中
状
语
从
句
讲
解
+
练
习
状语通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：
1. Naturally , our grandparents were
pleased to get our phone call .
(
副词
)
2. We
worked hard , from sunrise to sunset .
(
介词状短语
)
3. To
help my disabled
aunt
, I
spend an hour working in her house
every day . (
不
定式
)
4. Seen from a distance , the
farmhouse looked deserted .
(
过去分词
)
5. I
know how to light a camp fire because I had done
it before .
（原因状语从句）
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。
一般可分为九大类，
尽管种类较多，
但由于状语
从句与汉语结构和用法相
似，
所以理解和掌握它并不难。
状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不
同
状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下
:
1
．
时间状语从句
常用引导词：
when,
as,
while,
as
soon
as,
while,
before,
after,
since
,
till,
until
特殊引导词：
the
minute,
the
moment,
the
second,
the
instant,
immediately
,
directly,
every
time, the day
，
no sooner
?
than, hardly
?
when, scarcely
?
when
（
< br>1
）
Tell him I need to see
him
the minute
he arrives.
他一到就告诉他我要见他。
（
2
）
The
children ran away from the
orchard(
果园
)
the
moment
they saw the guard.
The moment
he saw me, he ran
away.
他一看见我，就跑了。
He said he
’
d call
you
the moment
he got home.
他说他一到家就给你打电话
（
3
）
The
instant
I saw him, I knew he was the
man from the restaurant.
（
4
）
Immediately
you
begin to speak, he gives you his full attention.
你只要一开
始说话，他就全神贯注地听。
（
5
）
My
sister came
directly
she got
my message.
我妹妹一收到我的信息就来了。
（
6
）
Eve
ry time
I listen to your advice, I get
into trouble.
（
7
）
no
sooner...
than...
，
一
...
就
...
，
引导时间状语从句
,
主句用过去完成时
,
后面的从句用一般过去时
.(
从这里可以知道
< br>,no sooner
后面是主句
;than
后面是从句
)
例
:
I had no sooner reached home than it began to
rain.
我一到家天就下起雨来
No sooner ...than...
常放在句首
,
表示强调
.
这时主
句要倒装
.
例
:No
sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
（
8
）
He
had hardly sat down when the telephone
rang.
他刚坐下电话就响了。
He had scarcely sat down when there was a knock at
the door.
他刚坐下就有人
敲门
另外，
如果把
hardly
放
于句首，
主句要用倒装结构。
如：
Hardly
had
I
finished
eating when he came
in.
我刚吃完他就进来了。
2
．
地点状语从句
常用引导词：
where
特殊引导词：
wherever, anywhere,
everywhere
（
1
）
Generally, air will be heavily polluted
where there are factories.
（
2
）
She
was standing exactly where you are standing
now
那时他就站在你现在站
的地方
（
3
）
Sta
y where you are.
呆在原地别动。
（
4
）
Wherev
er you go, you should work hard. Sit anywhere you
like
随便坐吧
3
．
原因状语从句
常用引导词：
because, since, as,
特殊引导词：
seeing
that,
now
that,
in
that,
considering
that
（考虑到，鉴于）
,
for the reason that
（
1
）
My
friends dislike me because
I
’
m handsome and successful.
（
2
）
I
won
’
t stay long, seeing
that/ seeing as you are
busy
我不会久呆，看你很
忙
（
3
）
Now
that everybody has come,
let
’
s begin our conference.
（
4
）
I
have been lucky in that I have never had to worry
about money
我很幸运，
从来不必为钱发愁。
（
5
）
I
think we paid too much money for the house,
considering that we needed to
get the
roof repaired.
考虑到我们得修屋顶，我认为我们的房子买贵了
4
．
目的状语从句
常用引导词：
so that, in order that
特殊引导词：
（
just
）
in
case
以防万一，
for the purpose
that,
（
1
）
Take an umbrella, in case it
rains.
带把伞吧，以防下雨。
（
2
）
The
teacher raised his voice on purpose that the
students in the back could
hear more
clearly.
5
．
结果状语从句
常用引导词：
so
?
that,
so
?
that, such
?
that,
特殊引导词：
such that
（
1
）
He
got up so early that he caught the first bus.
（
2
）
It
’
s such a good chance that
we must not miss it.
6
．
条件状语从句
常用引导词：
if, unless,
特殊引导词：
as/so
long
as
只要
,
only
if
只有
,
providing/providing
that/provided
that
（只要）
, suppose
that, in case
(
美
)
如果
,
on condition that
（条件是）
（
1
）
We
’
ll
start
our
project
if
the
president
agrees.
What
shall
we
do
if
it
snows
tomorrow?
（
2
）Don’t leave
the buil
ding unless I tell you to.
（
3
）
You
can go out to play as long as you stay in the back
yard.
只要不出后院，
你可以出去玩（
4
）
You will certainly
succeed so long as you keep on trying.
（
5
）
I
told him he would succeed only if he tried hard.
我告诉他，只有努力才能
成功。
（
6
）
You
can borrow the car , providing I can have it back
by six o
’
clock.
你
可以借用我的车，只要六点钟以前还给我就行。
（
7
）
He
can come with us , provided he pays for his own
meals.
（
8
）
In
case I am late, start without
me.
如果我来晚了，你们就别等我先开始吧。
7
．
让步状语从句
常用引导词：
though, although, even
if, even though
特殊引导词：
as
尽管，虽然
(
用在让步状语从句中必须要倒
装
)
，
while (
一般用在
句首
)=although
，
no
matter
?，
in
spite of the
fact that,
whatever,
whoever,
wherever, whenever, however, whichever,
whether
??
or
??（不管?
?还是??）
（
1
）
While there was no
conclusive evidence, most people thought he was
guilty.
虽然没有确凿的证据，大多数人还是认为他有罪。
（
2
）<
/p>
Kelly loved her husband in spite of the
fact that he drank too much.
虽然
< br>丈夫喝酒很凶，
kelly
仍然爱着他。
（
3
）
The
old man always enjoys swimming even though the
weather is rough.
（
4
）
No
matter how hard he tried, she could not change her
mind.
（
5
）He
won’t listen whatever you may say.
（
6
）
Whether
you like the job or not , you have to do it right
now.
不管你是否
喜欢这个工作，你现在都要去做它
although
引导正常语序的让
步状语从句，
though
既可以引导正常语序的让步状语从句
，
也可以引导倒装语序的让步状语从句，
as
< br>引导倒装语序的让步装语丛句。
一、名词
+ as / though +
主语
+
其他
King as
he was
，
he was unhappy.
他虽是国王，但他并不幸福。
Child as he is
，
he knows to
help other.
他虽是个孩子，却知道帮助别人。
【说明】
1
、其中的动词通常为连系动
词，
也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表
语。
2
、如果单数名词
作表语，
把它提到句首时，其前不用冠词。即使其前有形容词修
饰习惯上也不用冠词。
Boy as
［
though
］
he
is
，
he likes to play with
girls.
=Though he is a
boy
，
he likes to play with
girls.
他虽是男孩，
却喜欢与女
孩子玩。
二、形容词
+ as / though +
主语
+
其他
Successful
as he is
，
he is not proud.
他虽然成功，但不骄傲。
Stupid as it
sounds
，
I was so in love with
her that I believed her.
尽管听起
来很愚蠢，
我是如此爱她竟然相信了她的话。
Patient as he
was
，
he
didn
’
t like waiting that
long.
他虽说有耐心，也不愿等
这么长。
Beautiful
though
the
necklace
was
，
we
thought
it
was
over-priced.
那条项链虽然很
漂亮，我们认为价钱太高。
【说明】
其中的动词也通常为连系动
词，
也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表
语
三、副词
+ as /
though +
主语
+
其他
Hard though
they tried
，
they
couldn
’
t make her change her
mind.
尽管他们做
了很
大努力，却没法让她改变主意。
Fast as you read
，
you can
’
t finish the book in
two days.
尽管你读得很快，你
总不能在两天之内
就读完这本书。
【说明】有的词典将
much
as
作为习语看待，认为它是一个用以引导让步状语从
句的复
合连词。
Much as I admire him as a
writer
，
I do not like him as
a man.
他作为一名作家
我很佩服他，但我却不喜欢他这
个人。
Much as I like
you
，
I
couldn
’
t live with you.
我尽管很喜欢你，
却不能和你在
一起生
活。
四、动词原形
+ as / though +
主语
+
其他
Object as
you may
，
I
’
ll go.
纵使你反对，
我也要去。
Try as
he might
，
he
couldn
’
t solve the problem.
尽管他想方设法，
却未解决这
个问
题。
Dislike
him
as
we
may
，
we
must
acknowledge
his
greatness.
尽管我们不喜欢他，但必须承认他的伟大。
Lose money as I
did
，
we got a lot of
experience.
钱虽然丢了，
我们却得到了许
多
经验。
Fail in
the election as he did
，
he
became famous for
his fiery speech
against slavery.
尽管落选了，但他却以其反对奴隶制的激烈
/
充满激情的演说而出了名。
【说明】主语后的动词通常为
may
，
might
，
would
，
did
等情态动词或助动词
五、分词
+ as / though +
主语
+
其他
Raining
hard as it is
，
I
’
m going out for a walk.
虽然正在下着大雨，我还是
要出去
散步。
Surrounded
as
we
were
by
the
enemy
，
we
managed
to
march
forward.
虽然我们被
敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。
Munching the apple as he
was
，
he had got an eye for
all John
’
movements.
他
尽管在一个劲地嚼着苹果，
但仍警惕着约翰的一
举一动。
【三条补充说明】
1.
上面提到的倒装结构有时也可用来
表示原因，区别的办法主要看句子的内容：
< br>让步
从句的内容大多数与主句在意义上相反，而原因从句则与主句之间有因果关系
。
比较：
Tired as
he was
，
he sat up late
studying at night.
昨晚他虽然很疲倦
了，
但还是学习到很晚才睡
(
表让步
)
Tired as he
was
，
he went to bed early.
因为很累，所以他睡得很早。
(
表原因
)
Young as he
was
，
he
was
equal to the
task.
他虽年轻，却能胜任这项工作。
(
表让步
< br>)
Young as he
was
，
was not equal to the he
task.
他因为年轻，所以不能胜任这项工
作。
(
表原因
)
2
在美国英语中，人们通常用
as...as
引导让步状语从句。
Cold
as it was
，
we went out.=As
cold as it was
，
we went out.
尽管天气冷，我
们还是出去了。
Successful as he
is
，
he is not
proud.=As successful as he
is
，
he is
not
proud.
他虽成功了，但不骄傲。
8
．
比较状语从句
常用引导词：
as(
同级比较
),
than(
不同程度的比较
)
（比较状语从句通常由
as
…
as,
比较级
+
than
…等连词引导。
）
特殊引导词：
the more
?
the more
?
A is to B what /as X is
to Y; no
?
more
than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier
you will be.
Food is to men what oil
is to machine.
食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。
more ... than ...
引导比较状语从句表示“比??多；比??更加
??或与其说??倒不如说
??”的意思。例如：
Many companies use
computers more than they used to.
许多公司比过
去更多
地使用电脑。
②
In some places bottled
water costs more than a glass of beer.
在
有些地方瓶
装水比一杯啤酒还贵。
③
Don
’
t be too hard on him.
He
’
s more cheated than stupi
d.
别对他太苟刻了，
与其说他愚蠢倒不如说他被欺骗了。
考题：
—
Did you take
enough money with you?
—
No, I needed _________ I
thought I would.
（
2006
全国卷Ⅱ）
A. not so much as
B. as much as C. much more than D. much less
than