violence汉译英及中国传统节日的英文表达

年左右，这

些人开始种植水稻，

并饲养羊和鸡。

约公元前

3000

年，

他们开始使用陶器

( pottery)

并住在房子里。到公元前

2000

人已进入青铜时代

(Bronze

A ge)

，并开

始用于写字。约公元前

7 00

年，

中国的金属工人学会制作铁器工具和武器。

【参考译文】

Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about

50,000

BC.

These

were

Stone

Age

people,

who

lived

in

caves

and

wore

fur

and

leather. By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep

and chickens. By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and living in houses. By

2,000 BC

，

Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing.

By about 700 BC

，

Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons.

【汉译英

12< /p>

】联合国下属机构世界旅游组织

(World

Tourism

Organization)

公

布

的数据显示，中国游客对全球旅游业的贡献最大。中国人去年花< /p>

在出境游上的

支出膨胀至

1020

亿美元，同

2011

年相比增长了

40%

。

联 合国世界旅游组织在

其网站上发布的一份声明中说，这一增幅令

中国迅速超越德国和美国。后两者

在之前是出境游支出最高的两 个

国家。

2012

< br>年德美两国出境旅游支出均同比增

长

6%,

约

840

亿美元。

【参考译文】

The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show

that

Chinese

travelers

are

making

the

most

contributions

to

the

global

tourism

industry. Chinese travelers spent a record $$102 billion on outbound tourism last year,

a 40% rise from 2011. That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S.

—

4

the former No. 1 and No. 2 spenders, respectively

一

which both saw tourist outlays

increase

6%

year-

on-year

to

around

$$84

billion

in

2012,

the

UNWTO

said

in

a

statement on its website.

【汉译英

13

】

茶马古道

(Tea-horse Ancient Roa d)

两边，

生活着

20

多个少数

民族。

不同的地方 有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，

比

如

:

大理，

丽江古城，

香格里拉

(Shangrila),

雅鲁藏 布江大峡谷和布

达拉宫

(Potala

Palace )

。古道的两旁

有庙宇、岩石壁画、骚站

(post

house),

古桥和木板路，还有少数民族舞 蹈和民族

服装。时至今天，

虽然这条 古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然

存在。

【参考译文】

Along

the

Tea-horse

Ancient

Road

lived

more

than

20

minorities.

Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures

developed

in

various

sites

，

including

Dali

old

city,

Lijiang

old

city,

Shangrila,

Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace. The road features temples, rock

paintings,

post

houses,

ancient

bridges

and

plank

roads.

It

is

also

home

to

many

national minorities and their dances and folk customs. Today, although the traces of

the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.

【汉译英

14

】

目前，

全球变暖是一个热门话题，

但是有关全球变暖的各项证

据

似乎还 有些不同的声音。

人们现在已经知道，

地球的发展经历了

很多周期

(cycle),

尽管在历史上还未出现过像今天这样的时代，即

高度 工业化

(industrialization)

产

于二氧化碳气体

(carbon dioxide)

的增多。

【参考译文】

Global warming is the hot topic around the world at this time but, there

is

also

dissention

about

the

evidence

being

presented

to

support

the

argument.

The

earth is known to go through cycles; although the past has never produced an age of

so much industrialization causing the pollution currently being experienced. A major

source of the problem is the increase in carbon dioxide levels.

【

汉

译

英

15< /p>

】

中

国

城

市

化

(urbanization)

将

会

充

分

释

放

潜

在

< br>内

需

(domestic

de mand)

。

一些经济学家指出，

在中 国几乎所有的发展中城市都面临

着城市化的

< br>进程。这使得许多人的生活水平有所提高，也为人们提

供更多的就业机会。随

着

越

来

越

多

的

人

向

城

市

迁

< br>徙

，

住

房

及

城

市

基

础

设

施

建

设

(infrastructure

co nstruction),

包括水源等能源的供应将会

成为城市发展的焦点问题。

商品与服务

的自由 、快速流通是城市化

社会的一项基本特征。逐渐扩张的城市需 要更多的

零售店来满足消

费者的需求。

【参考译文】

China’s urbanization will release the full pote

ntial of domestic demand.

Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly

every developing city in the country. It will lead to a better quality of life for many

people

，

and

provide

individuals

with

more

job

opportunities.

The

construction

of

housing and city infrastructure, including water and energy supplies, will be a focal

point

of

urban

development

as

more

people

migrate

to

cities.

Urbanization

means

better access to educational and medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less

use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation. The fast, free flow of

5

goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Ex-panding cities require

more retail outlets to serve customers.

中秋节

the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar. It is a time for family members

and

loved

ones

to

congregate

and

enjoy

the

full

moon

-

an

auspicious

symbol

of

abundance, harmony and luck. Adults will usually indulge in fragrant mooncakes of

many varieties with a good cup of piping hot Chinese tea, while the little ones run

around with their brightly-lit lanterns.

农历八月十五日是中国的传统节日

——< /p>

中秋节。在这天，每个家庭都团聚在一

起，一家人共同观赏象征丰 裕、和谐和幸运的圆月。此时，大人们吃着美味的

月饼，品着热腾腾的香茗，而孩子们则 在一旁拉着兔子灯尽情玩耍。

mythological flavour with legends of Chang-E, the beautiful lady in the moon.

中秋节最早可能是一个庆祝丰收的节日。后来，月宫里美丽的仙女嫦娥的神 话

故事赋予了它神话色彩。

According

to

Chinese

mythology,

the

earth

once

had

10

suns

circling

over

it.

One

day, all 10 suns appeared together, scorching the earth with their heat. The earth was

saved when a strong archer, Hou Yi, succeeded in shooting down 9 of the suns. Yi

stole

the

elixir

of

life

to

save

the

people

from

the

tyrannical

rule,

but

his

wife,

Chang-E drank it. Thus started the legend of the lady in the moon to whom young

Chinese girls would pray at the Mid- Autumn Festival.

传说古时候，天空曾有

1 0

个太阳。一天，这

10

个太阳同时出 现，酷热难挡。

弓箭手后翌射下了其中

9

个太阳，拯救了地球上的生灵。他偷了长生不死药，

却被妻子嫦娥偷偷喝下。此后，每 年中秋月圆之时，少女们都要向月宫仙女嫦

娥祈福的传说便流传开来。

< br>

In

the

14th

century,

the

eating

of

mooncakes

at

Qiu

Jie

was

given

a

new

significance. The story goes that when Zhu Yuan Zhang was plotting to overthrow

the

Yuan

Dynasty

started

by

the

Mongolians,

the

rebels

hid

their

messages

in

the

Mid-Autumn

mooncakes.

Zhong

Qiu

Jie

is

hence

also

a

commemoration

of

the

overthrow

of

the

Mongolians

by

the

Han

people.

Today,

moon

cakes

are

eaten

to

commemorate this event.

在

14

世纪，中秋节吃月饼又被赋予了一层特殊的含义。传说在朱元璋带 兵起义

推翻元朝时，将士们曾把联络信藏在月饼里。因此，中秋节后来也成为汉人推

翻蒙古人统治的纪念日。今天，人们吃月饼纪念此事。

Mid-Autumn Festival

（欢度中秋）

6

The 15th day of the 8th lunar month

The joyous Mid-Autumn Festival was celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth

moon, around the time of the autumn equinox

（秋分）

. Many referred to it simply as

the

This day was also considered as a harvest festival since fruits, vegetables and grain

had been harvested by this time and food was abundant. Food offerings were placed

on an altar set up in the courtyard. Apples, pears, peaches, grapes, pomegranates

（石

榴）

, melons, oranges and pomelos

（柚子）

might be seen. Special foods for the

festival included moon cakes, cooked taro

（芋头）

and water caltrope

（菱角）

, a type

of water chestnut resembling black buffalo horns. Some people insisted that cooked

taro be included because at the time of creation, taro was the first food discovered at

night

in

the

moonlight.

Of

all

these

foods,

it

could

not

be

omitted

from

the

Mid-Autumn Festival.

The round moon cakes, measuring about three inches in diameter and one and a half

inches

in

thickness,

resembled

Western

fruitcakes

in

taste

and

consistency.

These

cakes were made with melon seeds

（西瓜子）

, lotus seeds

（莲籽）

, almonds

（杏

仁）

, minced meats, bean paste, orange peels and lard

（猪油）

. A golden yolk

（蛋

黄）

from a salted duck egg was placed at the center of each cake, and the golden

brown crust was decorated with symbols of the festival. Traditionally, thirteen moon

cakes were piled in a pyramid to symbolize the thirteen moons of a

that is, twelve moons plus one intercalary

（闰月的）

moon.

The

Mid- Autumn

Festival

is

a

traditional

festivity

for

both

the

Han

and

minority

nationalities. The custom of worshipping the moon can be traced back as far as the

ancient Xia and Shang Dynasties (2000 B.C.-1066 B.C.). In the Zhou Dynasty(1066

B.C.-221

B.C.),

people

hold

ceremonies

to

greet

winter

and

worship

the

moon

whenever the Mid-Autumn

Festival

sets

in.

It becomes very prevalent in the Tang

Dynasty(618-907 A.D.) that people enjoy and worship the full moon. In the Southern

Song Dynasty (1127-1279 A.D.), however, people send round moon

cakes

to

their

relatives

as

gifts

in

expression

of

their

best

wishes

of

family

reunion.

When

it

becomes

dark,

they

look

up

at

the

full

silver

moon

or

go

sightseeing

on

lakes

to

celebrate

the

festival.

Since

the

Ming

(1368-1644

A.D.

)

and

Qing

Dynasties

(1644-1911A.D.),

the

custom

of

Mid-Autumn

Festival

celebration

becomes

unprecedented

popular.

Together

with

the

celebration

there

appear

some

special

customs in different parts of the country, such as burning incense

（熏香）

, planting

Mid-Autumn trees, lighting lanterns on towers and fire dragon dances. However, the

custom of playing under the moon is not so popular as it used to be nowadays, but it

is

not

less

popular

to

enjoy

the

bright

silver

moon.

Whenever

the

festival

sets

in,

people will look up at the full silver moon, drinking wine to celebrate their happy life

or thinking of their

relatives and friends far

from

home, and

extending

all of their

best wishes to them.

Moon Cakes

7

There is this story about the moon- cake. during the Yuan dynasty (A.D. 1280-1368)

China was ruled by the Mongolian people. Leaders from the preceding Sung dynasty

(A.D.

960-1280)

were

unhappy

at

submitting

to

the

foreign

rule,

and

set

how

to

coordinate

the

rebellion

without

being

discovered.

The

leaders

of

the

rebellion,

knowing

that

the

Moon

Festival

was

drawing

near,

ordered

the

making

of

special

cakes. Backed into each moon cake was a message with the outline of the attack. On

the

night

of

the

Moon

Festival,

the

rebels

successfully

attached

and

overthrew

the

government.

Today,

moon

cakes

are

eaten

to

commemorate

this

legend

and

was

called the Moon Cake.

For generations, moon cakes have been made with sweet fillings of nuts, mashed red

beans, lotus-seed paste or Chinese dates

（枣子）

, wrapped in a pastry. Sometimes a

cooked

egg

yolk

can

be

found

in

the

middle

of

the

rich

tasting

dessert.

People

compare

moon

cakes

to

the

plum

pudding

and

fruit

cakes

which

are

served

in

the

English holiday seasons.

Nowadays,

there

are

hundreds

varieties

of

moon

cakes

on

sale

a

month

before

the

arrival of Moon Festival.

元宵节

The Lantern Festival or Yuanxiao Jie is a traditional Chinese festival, which is on the

15th of the first month of the Chinese New Year. The festival marks the end of the

celebrations of the Chinese New Year.

Chinese started to

celebrate the

Lantern Festival

from

the Han Dynasty (206 BC

-

221 AD). Like most other Chinese festivals, there is also a story behind the Festival.

It is also believed that the festival has Taoist origins.

This

is

a festival

for people having fun. On the night

of the festival,

people go on

streets

with

a

variety

of

lanterns

under

the

full

moon,

watching

lions

or

dragon

dancing, playing Chinese riddles

and

games, and lighting up firecrackers. There is

really a lot of fun for the young and the old.

Yuanxiao

(glutinous

rice

ball)

or

Tangyuan

is

the

special

food

for

the

Lantern

Festival.

It

is

believed

that

Yuanxiao

is

named

after

a

palace

maid,

Yuanxiao,

of

Emperor Wu Di of the Han Dynasty. Yuanxiao is a kind of sweet dumpling, which is

made with sticky rice flour filled with sweet stuffing.

Yuanxiao

is

sticky,

sweet

and

round

in

shape,

symbolizing

family

unity,

completeness and happiness.

You can find Yuanxiao in oriental food stores. If you enjoy cooking, here is a recipe

of Yuanxiao for you.

Ingredients

4 1/2 cups (500 g) sticky rice flour

8

butter 7 oz (200 g)

black sesame powder 7 oz (200 g)

sugar 8 oz (250 g)

1 tsp wine

Methods

1. Mix the butter with sesame powder, sugar and wine together. You need to heat a

little bit. Make small balls about 0.3-0.4 oz (10 g)each.

2.

Take

1/2

cup

of

sticky

rice

flour.

Add

water

into

the

flour

and

make

a

flatten

dough. Cook it in boiled water and take out until done. Let it cool down. Then put it

in the rest of the sticky rice flour. Add water and knead until the dough is smooth.

3. Make the dough into small pieces about 0.3-0.4 oz (10 g) each. Make it like a ball

using hands first and then make a hole in the ball like a snail. Put the sesame ball into

it and close it up.

4.

Cook

them

in

boiled

water.

Make

sure

to

keep

stirring

in

one

direction

while

cooking. When they float on the water, continue to boil for about one minute using

less heat.

“

灯节

”

或者叫做

“< /p>

元宵节

”

是中国的传统佳节，在每年的农 历正月十五这一天庆

祝。元宵节的到来也标志着春节的结束。

元宵节的传统可以追溯到西汉时期，像其他的传统节日一样，关于元宵节也有

按 中国民间的传统，在这天上皓月高悬的夜晚，人们要点起彩灯万盏，以示庆

贺。出门赏月 、燃灯放焰、喜猜灯谜、共吃元宵，合家团聚、同庆佳节，其乐

融融。

< br>

元宵（黏米团子）或者叫做汤圆是元宵节这一天必吃的食物。相传汉武帝时宫< /p>

中有一位宫女，名叫

“

元宵

”

，长年幽于宫中，思念父母，终日以泪洗面。大臣

东方朔决心帮助她，

于是对汉武帝谎称，

火神奉玉帝之命于正月 十五火烧长安，

要逃过动难，

唯一的办法是让

< br>“

元宵姑娘

”

在正月十五这天 做很多火神爱吃的汤

圆，并由全体臣民张灯供奉。武帝准凑，

“

元宵姑娘

”

终于见到家人。此后，便< /p>

形成了元宵节。元宵这种食物实际上是甜馅

“

饺子

”

的一种，用粘糯米和甜的馅

料制成。

元宵口感粘糯，口味香甜，外观浑圆，象征着一家人 团圆、美满和幸福。在一

般的中国店铺都可以买到。这里就向您介绍一个做元宵的食谱：

9

原料：

500

克黏糯米面

200

克黄油

200

克黑芝麻粉

250

克白糖

一茶匙酒

方法：

1

、 将黄油、黑芝麻粉、白糖和酒混合，加热一会，搓成

10

克左右 的小团。

2

、取约

< br>100

克黏糯米面，加水和成面团，放在开水中煮熟。晾凉后加入到剩余