spent美国餐桌礼仪

美国餐桌礼仪

材料

1

Tableware1)

Always put the napkin2)on your lap first. As the meal is served, use the one farthest from the

plate first. Before you leave the table, fold your napkin and put it beside your plate.

How to eat

Wait until everyone has been

served to begin eating. The host or hostess may invite you to

start eating before everyone is served, since some foods may be cold if you wait until everyone is

served. At this time, you should wait until three or four people have been served before starting to

eat.

During the meal, the host or hostess will offer you a second helping of food. When they ask,

give a direct answer. If you refuse the first time, they might not ask you again.

While eating, remember not to talk with your mouth full. When you have finished your meal,

place your knife and fork side by side on the plate. This signals that you have finished eating.

Dos and Don'ts

At the table, ask others to pass you dishes that are out of your reach. Good phrases to know

are:

pass

the....

or

you

hand

me

the...,

please?

If

asked

to

pass

the

salt

to

someone, you should pass both the salt and pepper which are placed on the table together. Hand

the salt and pepper to the person seated next to you. Do not reach over the person next to you to

pass anything to others.

Do

not

lean

on

your

arm

or

elbow while

eating.

Y

ou

may rest

your

hand

and wrist

on

the

edge of the table.

Cut large pieces of meat, potatoes and vegetables into small pieces. Eat the pieces one at a

time.

Some foods may be eaten with your fingers. If you are not sure if it is proper to eat something

by picking

it up with your fingers, watch what others do before doing so yourself. Examples of

foods which can be eaten with your fingers include: bacon3)which has been cooked until it is very

crisp4); bread should be broken rather than cut with a knife; cookies; sandwiches; and small fruits

and berries on the stem. Most fast foods can be eaten with your fingers.

Besides, there are two things that need mention:

Noodles

When eating spaghetti5), wind6)the noodles up on your fork. Spoon can be used to help. The

spaghetti on your fork should be eaten in one bite. It is very impolite to eat half your noodles and

allow the other half to fall back on your plate.

Soup

When eating soup, put the spoon on the plate beneath the bowl. And do not slurp7)the soup.

Do not overfill the spoon and do not pick the bowl up to hold it closer to your mouth. Y

ou may

tip8)away your bowl slightly to collect the last bit of soup to the spoon. The soup spoon is used by

moving the spoon away from you.

Anyway,

some

of

the

rules

mentioned

here

may

be

somewhat

relaxed9)in

informal

situations. And the best way to avoid making mistakes is to observe the way your western friends

eat.

材料

2

American

Table

MannersThe

Role

of

Manners?There

is

not

much

call

for

a complete

working

knowledge

of

table

manners

in

America

today.

Many

families

only

gather

all

at

once

around the dinner table at holiday feasts, and most restaurants are too casual to require, or even to

allow for, more than basic good table manners. If, having dropped his napkin, a diner at a bistro

were to attempt to practice proper etiquette by signaling a member of the staff to bring a fresh one,

he would probably have to do without a napkin at all. Try as he might to make eye contact and

indicate the nature of the problem with a subtle wiggle of the eyebrow and downward flicker of

the

glance,

he

is

likely

to succeed

only

in causing

his

date

to think

he

is

making

a

play

for

the

server.

Although

strict

good

manners forbid

placing

a

used

eating

utensil

back

on

the

table,

the

server

removing

a

plate

on

which

a

fork

has

quite

properly

been

positioned

at

11

o'clock

had simply done it herself.

From

time

to time

--

perhaps

at

an

important

business

dinner,

a romantic

date

at

an

expensive

restaurant, or a first dinner with the family of the person who may be

-- it is necessary

to display a more sophisticated knowledge of table etiquette. This is not difficult, once you have

mastered the basics. Anyone armed with this core knowledge and the ability to adapt smoothly to

the situation at hand will be able to handle even the most formal event. The goal is not, after all, to

demonstrate utter mastery of the most arcane details of etiquette (which would be quite difficult

considering the wide variations of customs in different cultures and from generation to generation),

but rather to behave with graciousness and poise at the table.

Mastering

the

BasicsMuch

of

the

difficulty

encountered

in

learning

table

manners

derives from

the struggle to master the ritual handling of the various tools involved. In order to display the right

social veneer, it is necessary to sit at the table with elegant ease and wield the utensils with aplomb.

The

diner

who

leaves

the

napkin

folded

on

his

plate

until

it

obstructs

the

placement

of

his

appetizer plate reveals his lack of training. The dinner party guest who observes with dismay the

array of flatware on either side of her plate, need only take the time to learn the simple secret to

the

plan.

There

are,

of

course,

a

few tips

and

pitfalls

to

be

aware

of,

as w

ell

as

the

occasional

surprising

item

you

can

eat with

your

hands.

Here

is

a

quick

guide

which

will

help

steer

you

through even the most formal of occasions.

材料

3

Manners in every country are different. What is polite in China may not be polite in the

United States. These basic rules will help you enjoy western food with your American friends.

Always put the napkin on your lap first. Before you leave the table, fold your napkin and put

it beside your plate.

As the meal is served, use the silverware farthest from the plate first. When eating something

in a bowl, do not leave the spoon in the bowl. Put it on the plate beneath the bowl. Soup, as well as

all American food is eaten quietly. Do not slurp the soup. The soup spoon is used by moving the

spoon away from you. Do not over fill the spoon. The bowl may be tipped slightly away from you

to allow the last bit of soup to be collected on the spoon. Do not pick the bowl up to hold it closer

to your mouth. When you have finished your meal, place your knife and fork side by side on the

plate. This signals that you have finished eating.

Wait until everyone has been served to begin eating. Everyone begins to eat at the same time.

The host or hostess may invite you to start eating before everyone is served. Some foods may be

cold

if

you

are

required

to

wait

until

everyone

is

served.

If

invited

to

begin

before

others

are

served, wait until three or four people have been served before starting to eat.

While eating, remember not to talk with your mouth full of food.

During the meal, the host or hostess will offer you a second helping of food. Sometimes they

will ask you to help yourself. When they offer you food, give a direct answer. If you refuse the

first time, they might not ask you again.

At the table, ask others to pass you dishes that are out of your reach. Good phrases to know

are:

“

Please pass the ____

”

or

“

Could you hand me the ____, please?

”

If asked to pass the salt

to someone, you should pass both the salt and pepper which are placed on the table together. Hand

the salt and pepper to the person seated next to you. Do not reach over the person next to you to

pass anything to others.

Sit up straight at the table. Bring the food up to your mouth. Do not lean down to your plate.

Cut large pieces of meat, potatoes and vegetables into bite size pieces. Eat the pieces one at a

time.

When eating spaghetti, wind the noodles up on your

fork. Y

ou may use your spoon to assist

in winding the noodle on your fork. The spaghetti on your fork should be eaten in one bite. It is

very impolite to eat half your noodles and allow the other half to fall back on your plate.

Some foods may be eaten with your fingers. If you are not sure if it is proper to eat something

by

picking

it

up with

your

fingers watch

what

others

do

before

doing so

yourself.

Examples

of

foods which can be eaten with your fingers include: bacon which

has been cooked until it is very

crisp; bread should be broken rather than cut with a knife; cookies; sandwiches; and small fruits

and berries on the stem. Most fast foods are intended to be eaten with your fingers.

Do

not

lean

on

your

arm

or

elbow while

eating.

Y

ou

may rest

your

hand

and wrist

on

the

edge of the table.

In America, people do not use toothpicks at the table.

Some of the rules mentioned here may be somewhat relaxed in informal settings.

The best way to learn good manners is to watch others. Observe the way your western friends

eat. This is the best way to avoid making mistakes when you are unsure of what to do.

材料

4

The Role of Manners?

There is not much call for a complete working knowledge of table manners in America today.

Many

families

only

gather

all

at

once

around

the

dinner

table

at

holiday

feasts,

and

most

restaurants are too casual to require, or even to allow for, more than basic good table manners. If,

having

dropped

his

napkin,

a

diner

at

a

bistro

were

to

attempt

to

practice

proper

etiquette

by

signaling

a

member

of

the

staff

to

bring

a

fresh

one,

he

would

probably

have

to

do

without

a

napkin at all. Try as he might to make eye contact and indicate the nature of the problem with a

subtle wiggle of the eyebrow and downward flicker of the glance, he is likely to succeed only in

causing his date to think he is making a play for the server. Although strict good manners forbid

placing a used eating utensil back on the table, the server removing

a plate on which a fork has

quite

properly

been

positioned

at

11

o'clock

might

just

plop

that

item

back where

it

started, making more of a clatter than if the diner had simply done it herself.

From time to time -- perhaps at an important business dinner, a romantic date at an expensive

restaurant, or a first dinner with the family of the person who may be

-- it is necessary

to display a more sophisticated knowledge of table etiquette. This is not difficult, once you have

mastered the basics. Anyone armed with this core knowledge and the ability to adapt smoothly to

the situation at hand will be able to handle even the most formal event. The goal is not, after all, to

demonstrate utter mastery of the most arcane details of etiquette (which would be quite difficult

considering the wide variations of customs in different cultures and from generation to generation),

but rather to behave with graciousness and poise at the table.

Mastering the Basics

Much

of

the

difficulty

encountered

in

learning

table

manners

derives

from

the

struggle

to

master the ritual handling of the various tools involved. In order to display the right social veneer,

it is necessary to sit at the table with elegant ease and wield the utensils with aplomb. The diner

who

leaves

the

napkin

folded

on

his

plate

until

it

obstructs

the

placement

of

his

appetizer

plate

reveals his lack of training. The dinner party guest who observes with dismay the array of flatware

on either side of her plate, need only take the time to learn the simple secret to the plan. There are,

of course, a few tips and pitfalls to be aware of, as well as the occasional surprising item you can

eat with your hands. Here is a quick guide which will help steer you through even the most formal

of occassions.

材 料

5

餐桌礼仪是进餐时的礼节，

也包括 怎样有礼貌地使用餐具。

不同的文化有不同的

餐桌礼仪。

事实上很多礼节是从实际需要而演变来的，

比如把手肘放在餐桌上是属 于不礼貌

的行为，

因为把手肘放在桌面上的时候就有把碗、

杯打翻的可能。

然而每一个家庭或者一些

群 体有他们自己的餐桌礼仪标准，也有他们自己对于这些礼仪如何严格执行程度的规定。

美国的餐桌礼仪

饭前

:

餐桌上都不应该戴帽子；在白 天拜访别人的时候女士专用的帽子例外。

在正式的宴会中，男 士们须站在自己的座位后面，等女士们都坐下了以后，才能坐下。

在开始吃饭前，

主人要做饭前的谢饭祷告，

这在美国的家庭 里是很普遍的，

客人应该加

入这个谢饭的祷告，

至少要在祷告的时候保持安静以示尊敬。

如果被邀请的客人有不同的信