payday英语词汇学重点名词解释

英语词汇学重点名词解释

Word

a

word

is

a

minimal

free

form

of

a

language

that

has

a

giving

sound

and

meaning

and

syntactic

function.

Native w

ords

are

words

brought

to

Britain

in

the

fifth

century

by

the

German

tribes.

They

are

neutral

in

style and frequent in use.

Denizens

are

words

borrowed

early

in

the

past

and

now

are

well

assimilated

into

English

language.

In

other words they have come to comfort to the English way of pronunciation and spelling.

Translation-loans

are words and expressions formed from the existing material in the English language but

modelled on the patterns taken from another language.

Aliens

are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling.

Semantic-loans

refers to words whose meanings are borrowed and whose forms are not borrowed.

Creation

refers

to

the

formation

of

new

words

by

using

the

existing

material,

namely

roots,

affixes

and

other elements.

Semantic change

means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meetthe new need.

Mopheme

the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.

Free mophemes

are independent of other mophemes and have complete meanings in themselves and can

be used as free grammarical units in sentences. They are identical with root words.

Bound mophemes

A mopheme that occurs with at least one other mopheme.

Stem

is a form to which affixes of any kind can be added.

Affixes

are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function.

Inflectional affix

is an affix that indicates grammatical relationships.

Derivational affix

is an affix that forms new words with a stem or a root.

Affixation

It is also called derivation, is the formation of new words by adding affix to stems.

Prefixation

is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to

stems. Prefixes do not generally change the

word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning.

Conversion

the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.

Blending

the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or

a word plus a part of another word.

Clipping

to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead.

Acronyms

are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word.

Back- formation

is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.

Initialisms

are words pronunced letter by letter.

Semantic motivation

refers to the

mental associations

suggested by the

conceptual

meaning

of

a

word. It

explains the connection between the lieral sense and figurative sense of the word..

Morphological motivation

accounts for the connection between the meaning of the word and the me

aning of

each morpheme in the word.

Onomatopoeic

motivation

indicates

the

relationship

between

sound

and

meaning

of

a

word .

I

ts

sound

suggests its meaning.

Grammarical meaning

refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammarical concept or

relationships.

Conceptual meaning

the meaning giveb in the dictionary forms the core of word meaning.

Connotation

(

Connotative meaning

) refers to the overtones

or associations

suggested by the

conceptual

meaning.

Affective meaning

indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.

Collocative

meaning

the

word

meaning

which

is

suggested

by

t

he

words

before

or

after

the

word

in

discussion.

Reference

is the relationship between language and the world.

Concept

Concept, which is beyond language, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world

in the human mind.

Radiation

a

semantic

process

in

which

the

primary

meaning

stands

at

the

centre

secondary

meaning

proceed out of it in every direction like rays.

Concatenation

a process where each of the later meaning is related only to the preceding one like chains.