reset是什么意思2014年高考真题(上海市)英语卷答案解析

上海英语试卷

考生注意：

1

．考试时间

120

分钟，试卷满分

1 50

分。

2

．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第

I

卷（第

1-12

页）和第

II

卷（第

13

页）

，

全卷共

13

页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上

一律不得分。

3

．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，井将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，

在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第

I

卷（共

103

分）

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions:

In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each

conversation,

a

question

will

be

asked

about

what

was

said.

The

conversations

and

the

questions

will

bespoken only once.

After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers

on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1.

A. A policewoman.

B. A judge.

C. A reporter.

D. A waitress.

2.

A. Confident.

B. Puzzled.

C. Satisfied.

D. Worried.

3.

A. At a restaurant.

B. At a car rental agency.

C. In a bank.

D. In a driving school.

4.

A. A disaster.

B. A new roof.

C. A performance.

D. A TV station.

5.

A. Catch the train.

B. Meet Jane.

C. Get some stationery.

D. Clean the backyard.

6.

A. Ask for something cheaper.

B. Buy the vase she really likes.

C. Protect herself from being hurt.

D. Bargain with the shop assistant.

7.

A. Use a computer in the lab.

B. Take a chemistry course.

C. Help him revise his report.

D. Get her computer repaired.

8.

A. Amused.

B. Embarrassed.

C. Shocked.

D. Sympathetic.

9.

A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.

B. She has already told the man about her plan.

C. She isn't planning to leave her university.

D. She recently visited a different university.

10.

A. It spoke highly of the mayor.

B. It misinterpreted the mayor's speech.

C. It made the mayor's view clearer.

D. It carried the mayor's speech accurately.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of

the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a

question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the

question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

11.

A. 70.

B. 20.

C. 25.

D. 75.

12.

A. The houses there can't be sold.

B. It is a place for work and holiday.

C. The cabins and facilities are shared.

D. It is run by the residents themselves.

13.

A. A skiing resort.

B. A special community.

C. A splendid mountain.

D. A successful businesswoman.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.

14.

A. Those who often sent text messages.

B. Those who suffered from heart disease.

C. Those who did no physical exercise.

D. Those who were unmarried.

15.

A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages.

C. They typed 10 percent faster on average. D. They edited more passages.

16.

A. Why chemical therapy works.

B. Why marriage helps fight cancer.

C. How unmarried people survive cancer.

D. How cancer is detected after marriage.

Section C

Directions:

In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations.

The conversations will be read twice.

After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you

have heard.

Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

Complete the form.

Write

ONE WORD

for each answer.

Travellers' Survey Sheet

Travel purpose

:

for a(n) __17__ in London

Comments on the airport environment / facilities:

Likes:

__18__

__19__ walkways

Dislikes

:

__20__ shops

small trolleys

Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.

Complete the form. Write

NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

for each answer.

What is critical thinking in reading?

Assessing the writer's ideas and thinking about

the __21__ of what the writer is saying.

What

is

the

first

step

in

reading

an

academic

Finding out the argument and the writer's main

text critically?

line of __22__.

What may serve as the evidence?

__23__ , survey results, examples, etc

What is the key to critical thinking?

To read actively and __24__

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions:

After

reading

the

passages

below,

fill

in

the

blanks

to

make

the

passages

coherent

and

grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given

word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

(A)

My stay in New York

After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I

decided

to

leave

home

for

New

York,

(25)

______

I

might

have

a

better

chance

to

find

a

good

job.

(26)

______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café

as a waiter. I believed that

(27) ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.

Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulders.

On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature

at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had said that (29)

______ ______ ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps,

(30) ______ my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.

Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31)

______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration.

I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______ I realise that a quiet town

life was the best for me.

(B)

The giant vending machine

（自动售货机）

is a new village shop

Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is

now

nearer

at

hand

in

the

form

of

the

country's

first

automatic

push-button

shop.

Now

residents

in

the

Derbyshire village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside

a pub in the village this week.

Peter Fox, who is (33) ______ electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project.

The machine (34) ______ (equip) with security cameras and alarms, and looks like a mini shop with a brick

front, a grey roof and a display window.

Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35) ______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over

the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.

He said:

wanted, so I did it by (36) ______. The result is what amounts to a huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think

the term automatic shop is far (37) ______ (appropriate).

In

recent

years,

the

commercial

pressure

from

supermarket

chains

(38)

______

(force)

village

shops

across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39) ______ (urge)

the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new community stores.

Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their own volunteer-run shops, but Mr.

Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40) ______ those villages without a local shop.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.

Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. alert

B. classify

C. commit

D. delicately

E. gentle

F. impose

G

. labels

H. moderation

I. relieve

J. signals

K. simply

Let's say

you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully

plan menus for meals or read food _41_ at the supermarket. Since you really _42_

yourself to a healthier

lifestyle,

a

little

help

would

come

in

handy,

wouldn't

it? This

is

where a

can

help

_43_

some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which

customers

make

decisions.

For

example,

the

person

who

decides

the

layout

of

your

local

supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up

—

is a choice

architect.

Governments don't have to _44_ healthier lifestyles through laws

for example, smoking bans. Rather,

if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will

do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier

choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with _45_ hints from

choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.

The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called

healthy

or

unhealthy.

This

means

that

customers

can

see

at

a

glance

how

much

fat,

sugar,

and

salt

each

product contains _47_ by looking at the lights on the package. A green light _48_ that the amounts of the

three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be _49_; and red means that the food is

high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in _50_. The customer is given important health

information, but is still free to decide what to choose.

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.

Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Research

has

shown

that

two- thirds

of

human

conversation

is

taken

up

not

with

discussion

of

the

cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've

just finished reading, but plain and simple _51_.

Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we _52_ do with it? We gossip. About others'

behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to

deal with difficult _53_ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.

So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural _54_

，

of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot

about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case

according

to

Professor

Robin

Dunbar.

In

fact,

in

his

latest

book,

Grooming,

Gossip

and

the

Evolution

of

Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really _55_ issues.

Dunbar _56_ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social

development

in

order

to

organize

their

manly

hunting

activities

more

effectively,

or

even

to

promote

the

exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved

among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar

—

_57_, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.

Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the _58_ of the higher

primate s

（灵长类动物）

like

monkeys.

By

means

of

grooming--cleaning

the

fur

by

brushing

it,

monkeys

form

groups

with

other

individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or _59_

from outside it.

As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar _60_ that at one

time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the

greater the _61_ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to

others. Grooming helped to _62_ the pressure and calm everybody down.

But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be

_63_ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a

more _64_ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language

evolved as a kind of

vocal

（有声的）