批准-972
英国文学史选读下册期末复习
marjorie
Romanticism period
Time: 1798-1832
beginning with
the
publication of Wotdsworth's
Lyrical
Ballads
,
ending
with the death of Walter Scott.
Background:
French Revolution
and
Industrial Revolution
The Age of Wordsworth was age of poetry
1)
literary features and writers
Pre-romantic
poets: William Blake and Robert Burns
Lake Poets: Wordsworth
Colleridge and Southey
(pastive romanticism poets)
Byron Shelley and
Keats(active romanticism poets)
Women as novelists appeared
in this age: Jane Austen
The greatest historical novelist:
Walter Scott
Romantic prose: Charles Lamb
1.1
Wordsworth
In the preface of second version of
Lyrical Ballads, there is his principles of
poetry:
For
all
good
poetry
is
the
spontaneous
overflow
of
powerful
feelings,
it
takes
its
origin
from emotion recollected in tranquility.
Lyrical
Ballads
:
Coleridge's
chief
contribution
was
his
masterpiece
The
Rime
of
the
Ancient
Mariner
The
poems in Lyrical Ballads are characterized by a
sympathy
with the
poor,simple peasants, a passionate love
of nature and the
simplicity and
purity
of the language.
The Prelude
: his
long autobiographical poem
Was
also called
Growth of a poet's
mind
Is
a process of self-exploration
The Lucy poems:
describe the elusive beauty of simple
lyricism and the country girl.
She
Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways
I travelled among unknown
men
Short poems:
I wandered lonely as a
cloud (the daffodils)
The solitary reaper
Composed upon Westminster
Bridge
London,1802
********
i
wandered lonely as a cloud
It is one of the best lyrics written by
Wordsworth on the beauty of nature,
There is a vivid picture of
the daffodils here, mixed with the poet's
philosophical and somewhat
mystical
thoughts.
The
rhyme scheme of this poem is
ab ab cc.
英国文学史选读下册期末复习
marjorie
The lines are
iambic tetrameter
.
(
抑扬格四音部
)
The last stanza describes
the kind of recollection in tranquility from which
this poem arose.
1.2 George
Gordon Byron
Childe Harold's
Pilgrimage:
narrrating his travels in
Europe.
Contains 4
cantos.
Written in
Spenserian stanza
Don Juan:
his satiric
masterpiece
It is in 16 cantos and written in
ottava rima(
八行体
)
Each stanza contains 8
iambic pentameter lines
Poetic Dramas:
Manfred:
philosophical
poetic drama
Cain
: his poetic drama with
the material taken from Biblical story
Oriental stories:
The giaour
The corsair
Lara
Short poems:
when we two parted
she walks in beauty
Sonnet on chillon
**************
the isle of
Greek
Written in
iambic tetrameter
Used contrast
Called on the Greek people to revolt
the ruling classes
The features of
Byronic Heroes
:
rebellious mysterious and
proud
1.3 Percy Bysshe Shelley
Queen Mab:
his
first important poem
a crude poem
attacking dogmatic religion, government,industrial
tyranny, and
war.
Written in the form of fairy tale dream
The
Revolt
of
Islam:
an
idealized
account
of
French
Revolution
and
an
attack
on
the
political reaction in Europe.
A long narrative in Spenserian stanzas
Lyrical drama
Prometheus
Unbound :
a lyrical drama
The story was taken from Greek
mythology
The Cenci
Three ode:
Ode to the west
wind
英国文学史选读下册期末复习
marjorie
To a skylark
The cloud
Short poems
:
Ozymandias
A song: men of
England
****************
ode to the
west wind
Its stanza
consists of a set of four such tercets(
三行
)
，
closed by a
couplet rhyming with
the middle line of
the preceding tercet: aba bcb cdc ded ee
The theme: 1) It expresses
Shelley's optimistic belief that the old world
must go, a new
world
must
come
with
the
spring,
faden
with
fresh
sweet
promises
for
suffering
humanity.
It
anticipates the political
triumph.
2)
The poet asks the wind to work in him, restoring
him to spiritual health
and creative
vigor.
The symbolic
meaning of
1)
regeneration which follows the destruction and
death of winter
；
2)the wind of spirit and inspiration
3) the destructive and
revolutionary energies that has been seen in
Europe
4)an abstract
expression or manifestation of the spirit within
nature
1.4 John
Keats
Four odes:
Ode on
Melancholy
Ode on a Grecian Urn:
Beauty
is truth, truth beauty
Ode to Psyche
Ode
to a nightingale:
written in iambic
pentamenter
and
To Autumn
Short poems:
On
the Grasshopper and the Cricket
Bright star
When i have
fears
****************ode
to a nightingale
In this ode, Keats not only
expresses his raptures upon hearing the beautiful
songs of the
nightingale and his desire
to go to the ethereal world of beauty together
with the bird, but he also
shows
his
deep
sympathy
for
and
his
keen
understanding
of
human
miseries
in
the
society
in
which he lived.
1.5 Jane Austen
Sense and
sensibility
Pride and prejudice
英国文学史选读下册期末复习
marjorie
Mansfield park
Emma
Northanger abbey
Emma
Persuation
*********pride and
prejudice
Characters
The main plots
The part
Themes and the analysis of main
characters
Author presents
three kinds of marriages:
1 for fortune, money and social rank
2 for beauty,
attraction and passion
3 for love based on consideration of
the person's personal merit as well as his
economical
and social status
Author's view of marriage
These five
marriages contribute to the theme that a happy and
strong marriage takes time
to build and
must be based on mutual feeling, understanding,
and respect.
Hasty marriages acting on impulse, and
based on superficial qualities will nor survive
and
will lead to inevitable
unhappiness.
English
Critical Realism
The works
embodied Chartist Movement:
Dickens ---Hard
Times
Charlotte Bronte---Shirley
Mrs. Gaskell---
Mary Barton
North and South
Alfred Tennyson and Robert
Browning were in the Victorian Age
2.1
Charles Dickens
First stage:
Pickwick
papers---
the
richly
comic
adventures
of
the
Pickwick
Club
in
the
English
countryside
Oliver
twist
---his first true novel
depicts the London underworld and hard
years of the foundling
Nicholas
nickleby
--- Exposes the cruelty and
neglect of boarding schools
.
Mrs. Nickleby
is
shaped from
his mother
The
old curiosity shop
---deals with the
sufferings and hardships of an old man named
Trent,
and his granddaughter, Nell.
Little Nell, who was created in the
image of Dickens' sister-in-law
Barnaby Rudge---
his first
historical novel
Second stage:
Martin Chuzzlewit
---is the
best book of social satires
英国文学史选读下册期末复习
marjorie
The
novel is concerned with the evils of the love of
money
A christmas
carol-
-his first and best christmas
book
Dombey and
son
---reveals the power of money as the
one thing the dominates and perverts
all human relation.
The
theme is
pride of wealth,or purse-
pride,
and it studied middle class
pride
David
copperfield
---considered as
autobiographical novel
of
the author in which the early
life of
the hero is largely based on the author's early
life.
The character
--Micawber is shaped from his father
Third stage:
Bleak
house
---is a satire on the abuses of
the Court of Chancery with complex nattative and
interlocking plots.
Hard times
---is an earnest
attack on the vulgarity and materialism of the
riding middle class
industrialist.
Describes the Chartist Movement and
shows his sympathy for the workers.
Little Dorrit
---is the
satire on bureaucracy
Described
the
vivid
scenes
in
the
debtor's
prison,
remembered
from
his
father's
experience.
A tale of two
cities
---took French Revolution as the
background
In the novel,
Defarge and Madame Defarge represent the
revolutionaries, and
Dr. Manette is a
typical bourgeois intellectual.
Great
expectations
---he
ruthlessly
attacked
the
system
of
capitalism
by
pointing
out
the
denial and distortion of human values
as something inevitable in bourgeois society and
considered
very highly by some critics.
It is a great satire upon
the society and those people who dream to enter
the
higher society regardless of the
social reality.
Is
told in first person by Pip
Our
mutual friend--
-his last complete work
****************oliver twist
Major
themes:1)
poverty
is
a
prominent
concern
in
Oliver
Twist.
Throughout
the
novel,
Dickens enlarges on
this theme, describing slums so decrepid that
whole rows of houses are on the
point
of ruin.
2) in the
novel, he delivers a somewhat mixed message about
social caste and
social injustice.
Oliver's illegitimate workhouse origins place him
at the nadir of the society; as an
orphan without friends, he is routinely
despised.
3)
redemption
2.2
William
Makepeace Thackeray
V
anity Fair---
its
sub-tile is
Novel Without a Hero
is
a satire portrayal of the upper classes of society
The
novel draws a broad panorama of social life in his
novel ruthlessly criticizing
money
worship, cruelty and unscrupulousness