当时-机场英语
Adverbial clauses
状语从句
An
adverbial
clause
is
a
dependent
clause
that
functions
as
an
adverbs.
In
other
words,
an
adverbial clause contains a subject
(explicit or implied) and a predicate, and it
modifies a verb.
According
to
Sidney
Greenbaum
and
Randolph
Quirk,
adverbial
clauses
function
mainly
as
adjuncts
or
disjuncts.
In
these
functions
they
are
like
adverbial
phrases,
but
due
to
their
potentiality
for
greater
explicitness,
they
are
more
often
like
prepositional
phrases
(Greenbaum
and
Quirk,1990).There
are
nine
kinds
of
adverbial
clauses:
adverbial
clauses
of
time,
adverbial
clauses of place,
adverbial clauses of condition, adverbial clauses
of reason, adverbial clauses of
purpose, adverbial clauses of result,
adverbial clauses of concession, adverbial clauses
of manner
and adverbial clauses of
comparison.
(1) Adverbial
clauses of time
Adverbial
clauses
of
time
indicate
time
and
are
often
introduced
by
the
following
subordinators:
when,
whenever,
while,
as,
after,
before,
once,
since,
till,
until,
as
soon
as,
immediately,
directly
(informal,
esp
in
BrE),
hardly/barely/scarcely/
…
< br>when
…
,
no
sooner
…
than
…
,the first time, every time, next
time and so on.
Buy your
ticket
as soon as
you reach
the railway station.
Don’t
par
t with your illusions.
When
they are gone you may
still exist, but you have ceased to
live.
－
Mark Twain
（马克
?
吐温）
不要放弃你的幻想。当幻想没有了以后，你还可以生存，但是你虽生犹死。
While
I was asleep
last night, I dreamed about you.
As
time went by, he became
increasingly nervous.
A man can fail
many times, but he is
n’t
a
failure
until
he begins to
blame somebody else.
( J.
Burroughs )
一个人可以失败许多次，
但是只要他没有开始责怪别人，
他还不是一个失败者。
（巴勒斯）
I’ll
call you
immediately
I arrive at the
airport.
Once
you have made a promise, you should keep it.
He had
hardly/no
sooner
got off the bus
when/than
it began to rain.
(2) Adverbial clauses of
place
Adverbial
clauses
of
place
are
introduced
by
the
following
subordinators:
where
wherever
and everywhere. The
clause can be put either before or after the main
clause.
“
Where
”
means in a
certain place;
“Wherever”
means in any
place;
“
Everywhere
”
means in every place.
Please put the book
where
it used to be.
You must come
to a full stop
wherever
you
see a stop sign.
Everywhere
they went, they
were kindly received.
Sometimes,
the
adverbial
clauses
of
place
contain
the
meaning
of
condition,
concession
or
comparison.
Where there is a will, there is a
way.(condition)
We
want
to
stay
at
home,
where
the
children
prefer
to
spend
the
holiday
in
the
country.(comparison)
Go where you should, keep
on studying.(concession)
(3) Adverbial clauses of condition
Adverbial
clauses
of
condition
are
introduced
by
the
following
subordinators:
if,
unless,
providing, provided (that), suppose
(that),supposing, as/so long as, on condition
that,in case,only
if , if only and so
on.
If
winter comes , can
spring be far behind ?( P. B. Shelley , British
poet )
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
(
英国诗人
,
雪莱
. P. B.)
We
cannot change anything
unless
we accept
it.
—
Carl Jung, Swiss psychia
trist(
荣格，瑞士精
神病学家
)
（
“
Unl
ess
”
means
“
if
…
not
”
.
）
A man
is not old as long as he is seeking something. A
man is not old until regrets take the place
of dreams.
(J.
Barrymore)
只要一个人还有追求，他就没有老。直到后悔取代了梦
想，一个人才算老。
（巴里摩尔）
If only
she were
here with us.
( The
predicate verb in the adverbial clause introduce
by
“
if
only
”
is often in
subjunctive mood, indicating something opposite to
the fact.)
Provided
that
he wins the support of the vast
majority of citizens ,he can win the election.
Supposing
(=On condition
that) I don
’
t have enough
time, what shall we do?
Note :Unreal
conditional sentence
If the condition
that the clause expresses is opposite to the fact
or is hard to realize, it is called
unreal conditional sentence and
subjunctive mood should be used in such a
sentence. For example:
If
I
were
you,
I
would
take
this
opportunity
to
go
abroad.(When
expressing
a
condition
opposite to the present fact, we use
the past simple tense in the adverbial clause and
the structure
“
would/could/might+
verb
”
in the main clause.)
If you
had taken
his advice, you
wouldn
’
t have
failed
in the competition.( When
expressing
a condition opposite to the
past fact, we use the past perfect tense in the
adverbial clause and the
structure
“
would/could/might have
done
”
in the main clause)
If
it
were
to
rain
tomorrow,
the
match
would
be
cancelled
.(
When
expressing
a
condition
opposite to the
future fact, we use the past simple tense, should
do or
“
were to
do
”
in the adverbial
clause and the structure
“
would/could/might+
verb
”
in the main clause)
If you
had taken
the medicine yesterday, you
would feel
much better now.(mixed-time unreal
conditional
sentence:
The
actions
in
the
adverbial
clause
and
in
the
main
clause
take
place
in
different time, we should choose the
correct forms of the predicate verbs separately
according to
the rules above)
Had
he worked hard, he would
have passed the exam last term.(=If he had worked
hard, he
would have passed the exam
last term.)
Were
I
in
your
place,
I
would
be
very
worried.
(=If
I
were
in
your
place,
I
would
be
very
worried.)
When
“
if
”
is omitted in this kind of
sentence, the adverbial clause will be in partial
inversion
with
“
w
ere
”
,
“
had
”
or
“
should
”
put before the subject.
(4) Adverbial clauses of cause
Adverbial clauses of cause are
introduced by these subordinators: because, as ,
since, seeing
(that), now
(that),considering (that) ,in that, inasmuch as,
on the ground(s) that, for the reason that,
by reason that, for fear that and so
on.
The Adverbial clauses
of cause introduced by because often refers to an
unknown reason and
can be used to
answer the questions beginning with
“
why.
”
“
Since
”
and
“
now that
”
often express
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