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English Literature
——
The beginning period of
English literature
Chaucer
,
the
first important
writer
in English history
Beowulf
,
the
most impressive
long poem
in
Old
English
, was created
around
A. D. 700; it is believed written by a Danish
cleric.
14
th
C
England,
three major poets
:
Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland,
and
the anonymous
“
Gawain-
poet
”
Chaucer
is the
father
of modern English
poetry.
His
first
major work:
The Book of the Duchess
his
monumental
success:
The Canterbury
Tales
（砍特博雷故事集）
William Langland
,
“
Piers
Plowman
”
Sir
Gawain
and the Green
Knight
,
one of
the most
out
standing
poems
in
medieval English literature, was not
focusing on real human life and character.
——
The glory of poetry: From
Sidney to Pope
Five great poets:
Shakespeare, Spenser, Sidney, Donne,
Milton
Philip
Sidney
(
菲利普·西德尼
),
best represented the spirit of the Elizabeth
Age. The famous
words:
”
Thy need is greater
than mine.
”
His
major achievement as a poet:
Astrophel
and Stella
Others:
Defense of
Poetry
(
诗辩
),
An Apology for Poetry
Edmund
Spencer
(
斯宾塞
):
The Faerie
Queen
(
仙后
), his
great allegory
The
Shepheardes
Calendar
(
牧羊人的日记
)
Amoretti
(
爱情小诗
)
Shakespeare
:
Sonnets
--- represent the
finest poetic craftsmanship of
Elizabethan poetry. He was the most
distinguished practitioner of the English
sonnet during the Elizabethan Age.
John
Donne
(
多恩
)---a
metaphysical
poet
(
玄学派
);
Holy Sonnets
Other metaphysical poets of his time:
George Herbert, Richard Crashaw,
Henry
Vaughan
John
Milton
(
弥尔顿
):
Paradise Lost
is his
masterpiece and one of the
greatest
poems in world literature.
Paradise
Regained
,
Samson
Agonistes
(drama)
John
Dryden
(
德莱顿
) as a
poet --- the
neoclassicists
(
新古典主义
)
Alexander
Pope
(
亚历山大·薄柏
): He
brought the heroic couplet
His first important poem,
An
Essay on Criticism
His most famous poem,
The Rape of the Lock
——
The golden age
of English drama
The Elizabethan Age is
the age of sonnets, and the age of drama.
Christopher Marlowe
(
< br>克里斯托弗·马洛
), he is the most
outstanding
dramatist among the group
“
University
Wits
”
. He is acknowledged as
the
greatest tragedy writer before
William Shakespeare.
The
Tragical History of Doctor
Eaustus
(
浮士德医生
)
The Jew of
Malta
(
马耳他岛的犹太人
)
William
Shakespeare
’
s dramatic
career can be divided into four periods
Ben Jonson
:
Volpone
or
the
Fox, The Alchemist
John
Webster
:
The White Devil
and
The Duchess of Malfi
——
The beauty of Prose: From
Malory to Pepys
King
Alfred
’
s
Anglo
Saxon
Chronicle
(
编年史
) is
considered the
beginning of English
prose.
Thomas Malory
:
Le Morte
D
’
Arthur
---a
landmark achievement in this field
17
th
. C, great
prose writers:
Francis Bacon, Thomas
Browne, Samuel
Pepys
Milton
’
s
< br>Areopagitica
(
为英国人民申辩
);
The Bible of
King James Version
---the noblest
monument of English
prose
Francis Bacon
:
Essays
---he became the first
English
“
essayist
”
——
The rise of the novel
Pamela
(
帕米拉
), the
first
mature English novel
----English novels
before 18
th
C
John
Bunyan
(
班扬
):
masterpiece,
The
Pilgrim
’
s
Progress
(
天路历程
)
----The rise of the novel in
18
th
C
Daniel
Defoe
:
The Life and
Adventures of Robinson Crusoe
Jonathan Swift
:
Gulliver
’
s
Travels
(
格列佛游记
)
----The maturity of the novel
Samuel Richardson
: the
founder of the English domestic novel
Pamela
, or
Virtue Rewarded
---the
first
English novel
Henry Fielding
:
Tom Thumb
---the most popular
play
Joseph
Andrews
(
约瑟夫·安德鲁斯
)
The life of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great
The History of Tom Jones, a
Foundling
---ranks high
Amelia
---his last novel
Tobias Smollett
:
The Adventures of Roderick
Random
(
蓝登传
)
The
Expedition of Humphry Clinker
(
汉弗莱·
克林克历险记
)
Laurence Sterne
:
The Life and Opinions of Tristram
Shandy
(
项狄传
),
A Sentimental Journey
Through France and
Italy
(
感伤的旅行
)
——
A
false world: English drama from Dryden to Sheridan
John Dryden
---the leading
literary figure in the Restoration period
----Drama in 18
th
C
John
Gay
(
约翰·盖伊
):
The Beggar
’
s
Opera
(
乞丐歌剧
)
Oliver
Goldsmith
(
哥尔斯密
):
The Deserted
Village
(
荒芜的村庄
)
The
Vicar of Wakefield
(
威克菲尔德的牧师<
/p>
)
She Stoops to
Conquer
(
委曲求全
)
Richard Brinsley
Sheridan
---the greatest dramatist of
the century
The
Rivals
(
对手
)
The School for
Scandal
(
造谣学校
)---t
he best of his plays
——
Emotion and Nature in
Romantic Poetry
William
Blake
and
Robert
Burns
were the two notable forerunners
of
romantic poetry.
——
Social images
in 19
th
C English novels
Charles John Huffam
Dickens
(
狄更斯
):
Pickwick
Papers
(
匹克威克外传
)
Oliver
Twist
(
雾都孤儿
);
David Copperfield
(
大卫·科波菲尔
)
The Old
Curiosity
Shop
(
老古玩店
)
Dombey and
Son
(
董贝父子
)
Bleak
House
(
荒凉山庄
)
Hard
Times
(
艰难时事
)
Little
Dorritt
(
小杜丽
);
A Tale of Two
Cites
(
双城记
)
Great Expectations
(
远大前程
)
William Makepeace
Thackeray
(
萨克雷
):
Vanity
Fair
(
名利场
)
Thomas
Hardy
(
托马斯·哈代
):
Tess of the D
’
Urb
ervilles
(
德伯家的苔丝
)
Jude the
Obscure
(
无名的裘德
)
Far from the Madding
Crowd
(
远离尘嚣
)
The Return of the
Native
(
还乡
)
——
English prose in
18
th
C and
19
th
C
----18
th
. C prose
Samuel Johnson
---his death
marked the end of the Age of Reason
Life of Johnson
The Oxford English
Dictionary
Thomas
Carlyle
(
卡莱尔
):
The French Revolution
Past and Present
——
Various Moods
in 19
th
. C English poetry
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
---the
most prolific poet of the age
In Memoriam;
Idylls of the King
Robert
Browning
:
The Ring and the
Book
---masterpiece
Dramatis Personae
Dramatic
Monologue
(
戏剧独白
)
——
Major novelists in the
late 19
th
and
20
th
C
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