accompanying《美国独立宣言》全文中英对照

2021年1月28日发(作者：id是什么意思啊)

【背景知识】

独立宣言是一份于

1776

年

7

月

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4

日由托玛斯?杰斐逊起草，并由其它

13

个殖民

地代表签署的最初声明美国从英国独立的文件。早在独立前的一 百多年间，欧

洲启蒙思想就开始在北美传播，为《独立宣言》的发表奠定了理论基础。在 欧

洲启蒙思想的熏陶下，北美殖民地也产生了自己的启蒙思想家，代表人物是本

杰明?富兰克林（

1706-1790

）和托马 斯?杰斐逊（

1743-1826

），他们反对奴隶

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制，主张人民享有自由、平等的权利。并且喊出了：“没有代表权，就不得征

税”（“No Taxation without Representation”）的口号。这句口号原 本是

英国政治的基本原则，在英国贵族与王室的斗争中使用过，但独立战争期间被

殖民者用来捍卫自己的权利。

以下为美国独立宣言的全文内容：

The Declaration of Independence

IN CONGRESS, JULY 4,

1776 THE UNANIMOUS

DECLARATION OF THE

THIRTEEN UNITED

STATES OF AMERAICA

When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one

people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with

another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate

and equal station to which the laws Nature and Nature’s God entitle

them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they

should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

在人类事务发展的过程中，当一个民族必须解除同另一个民族 的联系，并按照

自然法则和上帝的旨意，以独立平等的身份立于世界列国之林时，出于对 人类

舆论的尊重，必须把驱使他们独立的原因予以宣布。

We hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created

equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain

unalienable rights, that they are among these are life, liberty and

the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments

are instituted among them, deriving their just power from the consent

of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes

destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or

to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation

on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them

shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence,

indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be

changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all

experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while

evils are sufferable, than t right themselves by abolishing the forms

to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and

usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to

reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their

duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for

their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these

Colonies; and such is now the necessity, which constrains them to

alter their former systems of government. The history of the present

King of Great Britain is usurpations, all having in direct object

tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a

candid world.

我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可让

与的权利 ，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利，

人们才在他们中间建 立政府，而政府的正当权利，则是经被统治者同意授予的。

任何形式的政府一旦对这些目 标的实现起破坏作用时，人民便有权予以更换或

废除，以建立一个新的政府。新政府所依 据的原则和组织其权利的方式，务使

人民认为唯有这样才最有可能使他们获得安全和幸福 。若真要审慎的来说，成

立多年的政府是不应当由于无关紧要的和一时的原因而予以更换 的。过去的一

切经验都说明，任何苦难，只要尚能忍受，人类还是情愿忍受，也不想为申 冤

而废除他们久已习惯了的政府形式。然而，当始终追求同一目标的一系列滥用

职权和强取豪夺的行为表明政府企图把人民至于专制暴政之下时，人民就有权

也有义务去推翻这样的政府，并为其未来的安全提供新的保障。这就是这些殖

民地过 去忍受苦难的经过，也是他们现在不得不改变政府制度的原因。当今大

不列颠王国的历史 ，就是屡屡伤害和掠夺这些殖民地的历史，其直接目标就是

要在各州之上建立一个独裁暴 政。为了证明上述句句属实，现将事实公诸于世，

让公正的世人作出评判。

He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary

for the public good.

他拒绝批准对公众利益最有益、最必需的法律。

He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing

importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent

should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected

to attend them.

他禁 止他的殖民总督批准刻不容缓、极端重要的法律，要不就先行搁置这些法

律直至征得他的 同意，而这些法律被搁置以后，他又完全置之不理。

He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large

districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right

of representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and

formidable to tyrants only.

他拒绝批准便利大地区人民的其他的法律，除非这些地区的人民情愿放弃自己

在自己在立 法机构中的代表权；而代表权对人民是无比珍贵的，只有暴君才畏

惧它。

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual,

uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public

records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with

his measures.

他把各州的立法委员 召集到一个异乎寻常、极不舒适而有远离他们的档案库的

地方去开会，其目的无非是使他 们疲惫不堪，被迫就范。

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with

manly firmness his invasion on the rights of the people.

他一再解散各州的众议院，因为后者坚 决反对他侵犯人民的权利。

He has refused for a long time, after such dissolution, to cause

others to be elected whereby the legislative powers, incapable of

annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise;

the State remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of

invasion from without and convulsion within.

他在解散众议院之后，又长期拒绝另选他人， 于是这项不可剥夺的立法权便归

由普通人民来行使，致使在这其间各州仍处于外敌入侵和 内部骚乱的种种危险

之中。

He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; for that

purpose obstructing the laws of naturalizing of foreigners; refusing

to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the

condition of new appropriations of lands.

他力图阻止各州增加人口，为此目的，他阻挠外国人入籍法的通过，拒绝 批准

其他鼓励移民的法律，并提高分配新土地的条件。

He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his

assent of laws for establishing judiciary powers.

他拒绝批准建立司法权利的法律，以阻挠司法的执行。

He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of

their office, and the amount and payment of their salary.