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《研究生英语读写译教程》练习参考答案及参考译文
注意：
《研究生英语读写译教程》第二次印刷做了以下更改：
1 PP95
倒数第四行的
edi
f
ion
改成
edition
；并将
练习全部移至第
96
页
2 PP87
省略法
第一句话去掉，改为：
省略是指在翻译时按意义、
修辞和句法等方面的需要省略或减少部分词语
使译
文更加精炼、更符合汉语的表达习惯。
去掉（一）中的第二个例句，用下句替换：
John had many wonderful ideas, but he
only put a few into practice.
约翰有很
多好想法，但是只有少数付诸实践。
3 PP97
将
LEAD-IN Q
UESTION
部分
4A
换成下句：<
/p>
Science is nothing but
developed perception, interpreted intent, common
sense rounded out and minutely
articulated. (George Santayana)
参考译文：
科学只不过是发展了的知觉
（
科學只不過是深化了的洞悉
）
，
经过诠释的含义，
经过整理、表达详细的常识。
4 PP106 Comprehension
第一题中的
改为
“
the
humanities
“
1
第一部分：各课练习答案
UNIT 1
STAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH.
COMPREHENSION
1.
He dropped out of Reed College because
he did not see the value of it. (The
answer to the second part of the
question is open.)
2.
Life was tough
–
he slept on the floor in friends’
rooms, he returned coke
bottles and he
walked 7 miles to get one good free
meal…
3.
He cited the example to demonstrate
that what he had learned in his
calligraphy class worked when designing
the first Macintosh computer.
4.
Jobs’ first
story tells that the dots will somehow connect in
your future.
(What you have
learned/experienced might help in your future
career.)
5.
He
was publicly out. (The company that he and Woz
established dismissed
him.) The fact
that he still loved what he did made him start
over again.
6.
He has learned a good lesson from his
failure.
7.
Do
the things we love to do.
8.
Open.
9.
Open.
10.
Open. (We should always want more,
never be content and when we want to
do
something that others say is foolish, do it
anyway.)
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE
A
1 naively
2 curiosity
3 combination
4 let down
5 vision
6 baton
7
creative
8 mirror
9 trap
10 invention
B
1 drowned out
2 tuition
3 Commencement
4 deposit
5 typography
6 make way for
7 animation
8
intuition
9
destination
10
diverge
C
2
1
follow:
orders, rules, advice, fads, an
ideal, one
’
s
instinct
2 trust in:
honesty, the Lord, power, intuition, sixth sense
3
wear out, fade out, put
out, make out, get out, break out
4
play writer/playwright, speedwriter,
blog writer, letter writer, editorial
writer
5 habitual, textual,
accentual, sexual, spiritual, conceptual
6
shocking, stunning, eye-
catching, astonishing, striking,
dazzling
D
1 an
2 great
3 the
4 to
5
√
6 that
7
√
8
been
9 been
10 in
TRANSLATION
A
1
热烈的鼓掌
2
波涛汹涌的海面
3
熟睡
4
烟瘾大的人
5
油腻而难消化的食物
6
烈酒
7
悲痛的消息
8
沉闷冗长的读物
9
〈化〉重水
10
他在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。
< br>11
那老实的男孩毫无隐讳地说明了他的行为。
12
他突然感到一阵莫明其妙的不安情绪。
13
脚踩两条凳
,
早晚要坠地（即：脚踏两条船）
。
14
骄者必败。
15
我们遇到一对从巴黎来的夫妇，他们很有趣。
B
见译文部分。
P.19 EX. A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
I
was asked to do the assignment. So
I think there are
three
reasons for the failure in the
experiment.
Although I
worked hard to acquire more knowledge, I couldn’t
improve my English.
Though…..
therefore---However
If we
compare the number of people who worked in this
department between 2001 and 2003,
it
only increased from five people to twenty but the
orders were twice more.
We have three
ways of recruitment. The first is the recruitment
agency, which we
used two
years ago.
The expenditure
was very high and the people provided were not
very suitable.
The second is online
recruitment.
We have never used this
method before
, so we cannot say
this is good or not. However,
online recruitment is risky because of
the unbelievable
resources of the
applicants.
are-is
including
---include
has a negative impact,
have a positive and
powerful effect
3
7.
8.
9.
10. There never seems to be anything
worth watching on television. Young people tend to
listen to
the radio more than older age
groups while older people find it more enjoyable
to chat with people
of their
age.
UNIT 2
TWO
TRUTHS TO LIVE BY
COMPREHENSION
1.
According to Rabbi Alexander Schindler,
we should hold fast to many gifts such
as beauty, love.
2.
The author
exploits the parable of open and closed hand in
the very beginning of
the
text
to
control
the
idea
of
the
whole
text.
―
Life
is
a
paradox
‖
,
because
it
encourages
us
to
grasp
its
many
gifts
although
it
predetermines
their
final
disappearance.
3.
The
author
tells
the
audience
his
experience
in
hospital
to
prove
the
fact
that
people are indifferent to the grandeur
of each day, and nobody sees the beauty of
sunlight or responds to it.
4.
According to
the author, people are reluctant to accept losses
and failures because
they think that
the world is theirs to command especially when
they are young.
5.
Since all of us will perish in the end,
we must seek a wider perspective, viewing
our lives as through windows that open
on eternity, whereby to reconcile on
life
’
s
paradoxical
demands.
Though
our
lives
are
finite,
our
deeds
on
earth
weave
a
timeless
pattern.
6.
Life is a process. During the process,
we should hold fast to life, but not so fast
that we cannot let go; we must accept
our losses, and learn how to let go.
7.
According to
the
author, we should pursue
the ideal,
for ideals
alone invest
life
with meaning and are of enduring worth.
8.
Alexander
Schindler
encourages
the
students
to
exalt
above
their
personal
considerations and
to perfect the present world.
9.
There is
strong religious color in the text. Alexander
Schindler asks us to hold fast
to
God
’
s
gifts,
to
be
reverent
before
each
dawning
day,
to
view
our
lives
as
through
windows
that
open
on
eternity,
and
to
add
religion
to
the
humblest
of
edifices.
10.
The author
delivers this speech to the
university
students in order to teach them
how to cope with
life
’
s paradoxical problems
in a wise way, and what to pursue.
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE
A
1. renounce
2.
tender
3. petty
4.
relish
5. gleaned
4
6. abounds in
7. parable
8.
evanescent
9.
redeem
10. sanctuary
B
1. indifference to
2.
Preoccupied
3. redeem
4.
cling
ing
to
5. relentless
6. paradox
7.
ordained
8. wanes
9. exalted
10. dawn/have dawned
on
C
1.
the meaning
the opportunity
the door
happiness
the
purpose
2.
the
question
the jokes
the advertisement
the film
the lecture
3.
run
drive
speak
sail
stick
4. arrival
survival
refusal
approval
renewal
5. restless
priceless
endless
homeless
aimless
6. widen
quicken
deepen
lengthen
shorten
D
1. on
2. CORRECT
3. for
4.
of
5. CORRECT
6.
supply
7. CORRECT
8. there
9. have
10.
down
TRANSLATION
A
1
成功与否取决于她的努力。
2
她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。
3
他不抽烟，但他父亲烟抽得很凶
<
/p>
4
人们之所以关注历史研究的方法，主要是因为史学家们内部分歧
过大，其次才是因为外界
并不认识历史是一门学科。
5
由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相
对容易）所造成的
种种问题也会增加社会压力。
6
只要拨对了号码，
你就可以在家里电视机上选看到
有远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制
的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课，或者一次物理
学演讲。
7
只要一发现有可能反对他
的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。
8<
/p>
她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的心情。
9
独立
思考
对学习是绝对必需的。
10
新主席有礼貌地前来拜访受害者
，获得了他们的一些好感。
B
见译文部分。
TEXT B
5
READING COMPREHENSION
1. The
Chinese view of life and things presented in the
passage is expressed by the
best and
wisest Chinese minds in their folk wisdom and
their literature.
2. Chinese poets and
scholars present a view of life through their
common sense, their
realism and their
sense of poetry.
3. The nature of
Chinese philosophy is an idle philosophy born of
an idle life.
4. The Chinese
philosopher’s waking life is characterized
by
a dream-world quality,
and he sees the happenings and his own
efforts as futile.(or useless)
5. The
highest ideal of Chinese culture is represented by
a sense of detachment toward
life and
high-mindedness.
6.
The
sense
of
detachment
toward
life
results
in
the
sense
of
freedom,
love
of
vagabondage, pride and nonchalance.
7. ―Wake up and live‖
implies that a wise proportion of
Americans dream the hours
away.
8. The national mind of Chinese is so
racially different and historically isolated that
new answers to the problems of life,
new methods of approaches and new posing
of problems are expected.
9.
For
most
people,
the
Chinese
mind
is
intensely
practical,
hard-headed;
for
the
lovers
of
Chinese
art,
it
is
profoundly
sensitive;
and
for
a
smaller
proportion
of
people, it is poetic and philosophical.
10. The Chinese as a nation has
survived for four thousand years because the
Chinese
have a light, an almost gay
philosophy rather than an efficient life.
UNIT 3
THE FUTURE OF BOOKS
COMPREHENSION
1.
Umberto Eco
classifies memory into three types: organic memory
represented by
human brain; mineral
memory represented by clay tablets, obelisks and
electronic
memory
of
today
’
s
computer;
and
vegetal
memory
represented
by
the
first
papyruses and books made of paper.
2.
According to Umberto Eco, the libraries
function as the places for
conservation
of
books and have been the most
important way of keeping our collective
wisdom.
3.
―
Universal
brain
‖
means a
place where
we can retrieve what
we have
forgotten
and what we still do not
know.
4.
According to paragraph 2, humans invent
libraries
because
they know
that they do
not have divine powers,
but they try to do their best to imitate
them.
5.
In the
computer and
Internet
era, libraries
should not be abolished because
they
should survive as museums conserving
the past.
6.
Compared with reading on a computer
screen, reading printed books is the better
6
way for us to
read carefully, to speculate and to
reflect about what we are reading.
7.
Compared with
computers, books have brought a lot of
conveniences to humans
computers
can
’
t:
books
still
represent
the
most
economical,
flexible
way
to
transport information at a very low
cost; books travel with you and at your speed;
it is a valuable instrument and the
best companions for a shipwreck.
8.
Two
industrially exploited inventions are as follows:
one is printing on demand,
namely, every book will be tailored
according to the desires of the buyer; the other
is the e-book which is useful for
consulting information.
9.
―
The
idea
that
a
new
technology
abolishes
a
previous
one
is
frequently
too
simplistic.
‖
What
the
author
means
is
that
there
are
a
lot
of
new
technological
devices that
have not made previous ones obsolete, that in the
history of culture it
has never been
the case that something has simply killed
something else. Rather, a
new invention
has always profoundly changed an older
one.
10.
In the computer and internet era,
people fear
the physical
disappearance of books
and
printed
material;
but
printed
books
have
a
future
because
computers
encourage the
production of printed material.
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE
A
1. organic
2. designate
3. emulate
4. abolish
5. speculated
6.
shipwreck
7.
manuscript
8.
masterpiece
te
10. contribute
to
B
1. option
2. flexible
3. reproduce
4. preservation
5. retrieve
6. divine
7. diffuse
8. on the verge of
9. browse
10. memory
C
1. poverty
errors
enemies
a possibility
inequality
2. a group
an organization
a club
an association
a tribe
3. act for
answer for
stand for
long for
prepare for
4. eyepiece
timepiece
showpiece
seapiece
centerpiece
5. predictable
preschool
prewar
previous
preliminary
6. reproduce
revise
remove
review
rewrite
D
1. CORRECT
T
6. a
7. of
8. CORRECT
9. to
10. look
7
TRANSLATION
A
1
晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会，
观看乒乓球表演之后，他得起草最后公报。
2
这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率不高。
3
遗憾的是，过去我们总的目标方面意见是一致的，但涉及各个具体目标时，意
见就不一致了，因而也就根本不能采取什么行动。
4
我真替她万分担忧，但此时此地既不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。
5
他们的主人，又是割啊，又是倒啊，又是上
菜啊，又是切面包啊，又是说啊，
又是笑啊，又是敬酒啊，忙个不停。
< br>
6
如果对自己的错误都不认识，怎么能悔恨和改正呢？
7
欢迎他的只有几下轻轻地、零零落落、冷冷淡淡的掌声。
8
勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；疼爱过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即
成贪婪。
B
见译文部分。
TEXT B
READING COMPREHENSION
1.
Texts
differ
from
dictionaries
in
that
dictionaries
are
a
linguistic
or
an
encyclopedic
system,
while
texts
reduce
the
infinite
possibilities
of
a
system.(or...give many possible items,
while texts are a closed universe.)
2.
The
Arabian
Nights, Little Red
Riding Hood
and
Finnegan’s Wake
are cited in the
passage to
clarify the point that despite many possible ways
to interpret them, the
texts
are
finite and limited.
3.
One
mistaken
belief
of
the
deconstructionists
is
that
you
have
any
freedom
to
interpret the text.(or
you can do anything you want with a
text)
4.
The
first
possibility
of
using
hypertextual
strategies
to
―open‖
up
a
finite
and
limited
text
is
to
enrich
the
story
by
successive
contributions
of
different
authors.(or allow different authors to
develop the story)
5.
Another way to
make a text infinite is that at narrative
disjunction, many authors
can make many
different choices.
6.
The production
of unlimited texts differs from already-produced
texts in that the
latter may be
interpreted in infinite ways but are physically
limited.
7.
In a more liberated society, free
creativity will coexist with the interpretation of
the already written text.
8.
Because the
pre-established sequences of words and pages in
the text stop us from
inventing
anything.
9.
Readers
can
’
t
modify
the
fate
of
the
characters
in
the
already
written
book
because it is decided by repressive
authorial decision.
10.
The purpose
of this
article is
to
clarify the difference between
free
creativity in
8
producing
texts and limited freedom in interpreting the
already-produced texts.
UNIT 4
ENGLISH NEXT
COMPREHENSION
1
because
our
modern
understanding
of
medieval
life
has
been
distorted
through
a
19th-century lens.
2 English
3 Dryden and
Sh
akespeare’s words, Issac Newton and
his contemporaries’ scientific
writings
and dictionaries
4 It used to be the
dominating language in Europe.
5 Not
directly. Because this happens before the rise of
English.
6 Chinese, Spanish, Arabic and
English
7 Japanese: declining; Chinese:
rising
8 Open (It is expanding.)
9 Open (through media
–
film, TV
,
publications or through
political/economic/cultural
influence
10 No. The number of people who use it
as a second language will be more important.
VOCABULARY AND
STRUCTURE
A
1 exploration
2 reappraisal
3 emerge
4 integrity
5 identity
6
displaced
7 diversity
8 challenge
9 reminiscent
10 aspired
B
1 triumph
2
acquired
3 diverse
4 alternative
5 embrace
6 account
7
integrity
8 reverse
9 awareness
10 permeates
C
1
acquire
: title, riches,
knowledge, skill, good habits
2
derive
from,
arise
from,
date
from,
differ
from,
refrain
from
3 be
sick
of, be
weary
of, be
glad
of, be
tired
of, be
slow
of
4
ad hoc, status quo, hors d'oeuvre,
loudspeaker, baby-sit
5
professional, vocational, exceptional,
traditional, conditional
6
distrust, disarm, disable, disown,
discharge
9
D
1 he
2 be
3
as
4 access
5 √
6 who
7 a
8 √
9 is
10 been
TRANSLATION
A
1
凡是犯了错就应勇于承认。
2
没有下雪，但叶落草枯。
3
人生的意义不在于已经获取的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。
4
读书只能给智能提供知识的材料，思想才
能把我们所读的东西变成自己的。
5
仍然具有这种信念，普通的人要比自然的力量或人类造出来的机器更伟大，而
且最终会控
制它们。
6
她的黑发蓬蓬松松地飘拂
在前额上，脸是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排
闪亮的牙齿，眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又
长又黑，鼻子笔直。
B
见本课
ppt
。
TEXT B
1 imho, imo: in my
humble opinion, in my opinion
2 idk: I
don't know
3 thx: thanks
4
plz: please
5 rofl: rolling on the
floor laughing
6 brb: be right back
7 jk: just kidding
8 ttyl:
talk to you later
9 g2g: got to go
10 btw: by the way
10
UNIT 5
SCIENTISTS, SCHOLARS,
KNAVES AND
FOOLS
Comprehension
1(a).
What relationship
between science and the
humanities(
此处课本中有误，见
P106) can you
learn from the
first paragraph?
To
some
degree,
science
and
the
humanities
have
the
same
concern:
The
question
raised
by
science
is the most important that can be asked in
philosophy and religion. In his book
Consilience:
The
Unity
of
Knowledge,
Wilson
shows
how
various
fields
of
inquiry,
and
especially
the
humanities and sciences, intersect with
each other.
1(b). Do you think science
and religion can be reconciled?
(Open.)
2(a).
What criteria does Author apply when
distinguishing science from pseudoscience?
In para.2, the author
mentions five diagnostic features as the criteria
to distinguish science from
pseudoscience: repeatability, economy,
mensuration, heuristics and consilience.
2(b). Some label Acupuncture, Qigong,
and Chinese Medicine as pseudoscience. Do you
agree?
Open.
3(a). What point does Author make in
paragraph 4 and paragraph 5?
The author gives the topic
sentence
frustrating
3(b). How does he backup his viewpoint?
In para.4, the author lists
and analyses the reasons why
it
’
s hard. In Para.5, the
author develops
the point by drawing on
his own experience and quoting.
3(c).
What example and quote does he use?
The example is from his own experience
of counseling new Ph.D.'s in biology.
The
quotation
is
from
Percy
Bridgman:
scientific
method
is
doing
your
damnedest,
no
holds barred.
4.
Paragraph 6-8 discuss original discovery. How do
these paragraphs relate to one another?
Para.6
first
introduces
the
topic
sentence
discovery
is
everything
and
then
explains
how
the priority of making original discovery defines
the process of scientific research.
11
Para7
and
para.8
are
about
the
importance
of
original
discovery
and
they
are
related
by
two
sentences of the same structure which
introduce two opposite conditions and thus form a
sharp
contrast (make an important
discovery, and ...; Fail to discover, and...).
5(a). According to Alfred North
Whitehead, why do scientists learn what they need
to know while
remaining poorly informed
about the rest of the world?
It
’
s because
scientists are mainly concerned about making
discovery. They have to concentrate
on
the part that is needed in the discovery while
ignoring the rest.
5(b). What does the
greeting question
It
reveals
the
fact
that
what
they
are
doing
are
of
the
same
nature
(making
discoveries)
and
scientists are quite
aware what is common among them.
6(a). Will scientists content
themselves with the discoveries they have made?
Why?
No,
they
won't.
Scientists
who
have
already
made
some
important
discoveries
are
always
strongly motivated and they are ready
to set new goals and make continuous efforts.
6(b). What's the difference between
scientists and scholars in humanities?
According to Wilson, their research is
of different nature: for scholars in the
humanities the most
valuable work is
interpreting and explaining the existing factual
knowledge while for scientists
original
discovery is everything.
7.
Can
scientists
be
defined
as
a
social
group
with
a
set
of
beliefs,
characters
and
motivations
peculiar to them?
No, they can't. No particular beliefs,
characters and motivations can be identified as
the defining
features. (See Para. 9-11)
8(a). In what sense is scientific
research an art?
There
is
no
limitation
on
how
to
make
a
discovery.
Scientists
enjoy
the
freedom
of
applying
different thinking
skills and styles just like an artist.
8(b). What scientists should do in
order to be highly successful?
A
scientist who wants to achieve great success
should not be afraid of trying new research areas
where no previous research can be
referred to and he has to decide everything by
himself in the
exploration.
8(c). According to the author, what
intelligence level does normal science require?
Why?
The author mentions it
as optimum intelligence: On the one hand he should
have the adequate
12
intelligence which allows him to do
some basic scientific research; on the other, his
intelligence
level
should
not
be
above
the
one
for
normal
science,
otherwise,
he
would
find
the
mediocre
work intolerably
boring.
9(a). What advice does the
author give to the novice scientists?
The
author
gives
a
lot
of
advice
in
the
last
paragraph.
It's
mainly
about
how
to
do
scientific
research and how
to make your work known to and accepted by other
scientists.
9(b).
Suppose
you
have
the
plan
to
pursue
academic
study,
what
difficulties
do
you
think
you
would have?
(Open.)
10. Paraphrase the
following figurative sentences:
a.
Science is the sword in the stone that humanity
finally pulled.
Science is the tool
that the human race finally possesses. It has
great potentials and is believed to
empower and benefit mankind.
b.
They
spread
out
like
foragers
on
a
picket
line,
each
alone
or
in
small
groups
probing a carefully
chosen, narrow sector.
Similar
to
those
who
scatter
around
the
rope
along
which
horses
are
tied
and
begin
to
search
widely
for
food
or
provisions,
scientists,
with
particular
research
tasks
in
their
minds,
either
working individually
or cooperating with others, are desperate to make
discoveries.
c.
They
are
fellow
prospectors
pressing
deeper
into
an
abstracted
world,
content
most of the time to
pick up an occasional nugget but dreaming of the
mother lode.
Like those who work
together to search for minerals, they push
themselves forward and explore
deeply
into their research areas. They feel satisfied
whenever there is a clue to their research, but
they would not stop moving forward
until real breakthroughs are made.
d.
Some are as stolid as tax accounts in April.
Just like the tax accounts taxpayers
generally receive in April, some scientists are
not very easily
aroused or excited.
They tend to act in a businesslike way.
e. To be highly successful the
scientist must be confident enough to steer for
blue
water, abandoning sight of land
for a while.
A scientist who wants to
achieve great success should have trust in his own
abilities and be keen
on
doing
pioneering
work
which
is
full
of
risks
and
uncertainties,
without
any
help
from
previous research.
Vocabulary and structure
A
13
1) diagnostic
2) at most
3) spreading out
4) elitists
5) driven
6) set
foot on
7) at
large
8) utilitarian
9) for its own sake
10) ethos
B
1) sift
2) Admittedly
3) diagnostic
4) counseled
5) notwithstanding
6) steer
7) probed
8) presumptuous
9) strewn with
10) follows up
C
1) ambition, objective, success, goal,
victory
2) treasure, collector, critic,
gallery, work
3) acquire, apply,
broaden, extend, improve
4)
experimental, natural, medical, behavioral, social
5) symmetry, parasite, pregnancy,
science, gene
6) presumptuous,
gregarious, generous, courageous, ferocious
7) productive, reclusive, compulsive,
decisive, exclusive
8) marine, merge,
oceanic, soil, plot, division,
D
1. the
4. which
5. and
6.
correct
7. back
8. correct
9. to
10. so
11. is
12. correct
Text
B
Reading Comprehension
1.
Some
anthropologists were criticized for their
involvement in military actions.
2.
Because CIA
wants them to collaborate with the U.S.
government’
s war on terror.
The role
social
scientists
play
in
the
war
is
too
early
to
assess
though
some
reports
show
they
succeeded in reducing attacks from the
Taliban.
3.
Montgomery
McFate
is
a
navy
anthropologist.
She
is
an
advocate
of
the
collaboration.
Roberto
Gonzalez is an associate professor of anthropology
at San Jose State University and
leading
member
of
the
Network
of
Concerned
Anthropologists.
He
think
in
this
kind
of
collaboration anthropology will become
just another weapon.
4.
―
Subject
‖
means a person who is subjected to experimental or
other observational procedures;
―fervent petitioning‖
refers
to the earnest and formal request AAA received
from some of its
members to ban the
involvement in the collaboration.
5.
They find it
difficult to be loyal to two communities.
6.
Because
civilian
anthropologists
have
experienced
ethical
dilemmas,
they
would
not
fully
cooperate in military
actions. Washington needs social scientists
trained in the agency
’
s own
14
unique
culture. But David Price argues that social
scientists thinking in an agency-like way
would not be as helpful as civilian
anthropologists.
7.
First, it
’
s
difficult to build a military education system to
train experts in the social sciences.
Second, it takes longer to train them
when compared to training general officers.
8.
The
Administration did not take the
expert
s’
advice very
seriously.
UNIT 6
ENTROPY
COMPREHENSION
1.
It is a precise measure of the amount
of disorder.
2.
Things around her -- The car, the
refrigerator, teeth, windows, baby sitter, hair,
the
house, her glasses, and her son’s
shoes –
all seemed to get out of order.
3.
Entropy
can
only
increase,
and
can
not
be
destroyed.
The
road
to
disorder
is
a
one-way street.
4.
Examples in para.4
5.
Water at the same level can not work no
more, because the energy has defused and
driven away into chaotic caldron of
randomness that can do us no possible good.
( students can also quote refrigerator
as an example)
6.
If
couples
do
not
patch
small
things
up,
they
are
doomed
to
fall
apart;
relationships
may
worsen
between
nations
once
they
lose
opportunities
to
work
out
solutions to conflicts.
7.
False. It is possible but not easy
since creating order in one corner of the universe
always creates more disorders somewhere
else.
8.
The
answer
is
open.
(students
are
supposed
to
indicate
the
price
of
combating
entropy.)
9.
Like
anything
else,
abilities
deteriorate
when
we
stop
applying
our
energies
to
them.
10. Our
world
is
becoming
more
complex;
our
efforts
to
keep
it
in
order
would
be
much
harder.
Entropy
is
avoidable
but
which
means
consistent
efforts.
But
not
many
people would consistently contribute their
efforts.
VOCABULARY AND
STRUCTURE
A
1 get the better
of
2 instinctively
3 chaotic
4
avalanche
5
random
6 combat
7
uneven
8 mechanics
9 collision
10 out of
control
B
1. got
the better of
2. Randomly
3. back on
track
4.
Preoccupied
5.
Defuse
15
6.
catch
7. Congregated
8. Futility
9. coincidence
10.
well-oiled
C
1
waste
treatment,
waste
disposal,
waste
management,
waste
classification,
waste
gas/water
2 turn down, put
down, crack down, beat down, knelt down
3 give up, get up, back up, make up,
stir up, put up
4 down
payment, downtown, downturn, downtime, down tank
5 untangle, undress, unlock, unloose,
untie, unpick, undo
6 irresponsibility,
irrationality, irreducibility, irreligion,
irregularity
D
1 racking
2 rising
3 √
4 which
5 an
6 to wake up
7 resource-constrained
8 √
9 flattening
10 on
11 √
12 for
13 changing
14 trends
15
strengthening
16 between
TRANSLATION
A
1
他父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨
做小生意。
2
谈判时，我会感到紧张。
3
由于受季风影响，夏威夷一年四季如春。夏天到冬天昼夜温差很小。
4
八月中旬
,
修理组人员在骄阳下工作。
5
他发现自己在竭力抑制损伤灵魂的苦涩。
6
我把椅子挪过去坐下，
开始两脚分
开，
但我突然觉得这样显得不尊重，
太不拘
礼节，便把两膝并拢，把双手随便地放在膝盖上。
B
见译文部分。
TEXT B
1.
It
was
either
the
influence
of
heavenly
bodies
or
God’s
punishment
to
human
beings for their
wicked deeds.
2.
Quantities
of filth were removed from the city; sick persons
were prohibited to get
into the city;
directives concerning the maintenance of good
health were issued;
The
pious
supplicated
to
God
many
times
through
public
processions
or
by
other
means.
But all are in vain.
16
3.
First some swellings could be found
either in the groin or under the armpits, some
of which grew to the size of an
ordinary apple and others to the size of an egg.
And then, in very little time swelling
spread indiscriminately over every part of
the body; after that, the symptoms
changed. Black or livid spots appeared on the
arms
and
thighs,
then
spreading
to
every
part
of
the
body,
which
was
the
very
definite indication of impending death.
4.
Doctors were ignorant,
especially those who had never got any medical
training,
5.
Very easily,
just like dry or oily things being set aflame by a
nearby
fire. (quote
examples
in para.2)
6.
Some thought
that living moderately and avoiding any excess
might be helpful is
resisting this
disease; others believed that satisfying in every
way the appetites as
best
one
could
was
the
best
medicine
for
a
disease;
many
others
satisfied
their
appetites to a moderate degree; others
fled from the city.
7.
Bible
and government’s laws.
8.
False. Many of those who thought this
way were falling sick everywhere.
UNIT 7
A FEW WORDS FOR LOSING
COMPREHENSION
1 Because
sport
is mainly about ―astonishing
salaries, hugely lucrative endorsements,
television contract using numbers one
is more accustomed to seeing in textbooks
on astronomy‖.
2
Because even the great winners finally lose.
3 There is always a feeling of sadness
after the game.
4 Life for many
athletes was much downhill.
5 It means
the rank or status of the team.
（球队排名）
6 Human
limitations might bring some sad situations.
7 Some people are naturally
gifted, but others are not.
8
He would ―fight‖ fearlessly, but he
didn’t want it to be a ―suicide
attack‖.
9 Open.
10 Open.
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE
A
1 lucrative
2 mortal
3 instill
4
wind up
5 prowess
6
cowardly
7 cultivated
8 identified with
9 surmount
10 intact
17
B
1 inglorious
2
fraught
3 cultivated
4 groomed
5 outset
6 lucrative
7 tournament
8 intact
9 hang around
10 lapse into
C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
D
1
All too often, work seems like to take
over a disproportionate part of
2
our lives, with
the result that we are not able to see our friends
or
3
families as often as we would like and
we have little time for
4
relaxation.
Although one of the consequences of poor time
5
management for many of us is that it
tips over our lives out of
6
balance so that
we don
’
t pay enough
attention to the things that
7
are really
important to achieve them. But the paradox is that
when
8
work
dominates on the horizon to such an overwhelming
extent, we
9
are
probably being neither as efficient nor as
effective at work as we
10
could be with a better organized
lifestyle. If we constantly feel under
11
the pressure
and are always rushing to meet deadlines, we
should
12
take up
a look at the way we are organizing our work. We
all have
13
limits on the amount of time and within
which we can do a good
14
job;
it
’
s more important to make
use that time well than to work
15
more hours.
There are various techniques, such as delegating
to
16
each others
and reducing interruptions, that are commonly used
17
for managing
time, and when we put these into practice, we will
18
soon notice
the difference.
TRANSLATION
A
18
1
人
类最后必将解开不明飞行物之谜。这一点是可以肯定的。
2
那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。
3
光射入了它能透过的几乎所有地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了阴影。
4
她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未
成功。
5
他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。
6
一天，
匹普外出在阴冷的荒原上游荡时，
一个魁梧、
凶狠的男子把他吓了一跳。
这个男子威胁他，让
他立即为他送些食物来。
7
还不等
我决定是谈还是不谈，我就看出来了，说也罢，沉默也罢，我的任何行
动都不过是徒劳。
8
俄国最大的进攻开始于
6
月
22
日，这是为了
配合英美军队在西线的进攻。
B
见译文部分。
19
第二部分：各课参考译文
课文
A
译文
第一课
标题有各种翻译，包括“物有所不足，智有所不明”
，以及“饥
渴求知，虚怀若
愚”
，或直译“保持饥饿，保持愚蠢”
。
（请各位同仁指正）
1
斯坦福是世界上最好的大学之一
，
今天能参加各位的毕业典礼，
我备感荣幸。
< br>我从来没有从大学毕业，说句实话，此时算是我离大学毕业最近的一刻。今
天，我
想告诉你们我生命中的三个故事。
2
第一个故事，是关于串起小小的点点。
（原文为“
connecting the dots
”漂亮
的
字体是用高级的算法把点连在一起的，如专于此的
Adobe
公司的
PostScript
字体——
译注）
3
我在里德大学呆了
6
个月就退学了，
但之后仍作为旁听生混了
18
个月后才最
终离开。我为什么要退学呢？
4
17
岁时，因为年幼无知，我选择了一所和斯坦福一样昂贵的大
学，我的父母
都是工人阶级，他们倾其所有资助我的学业。在
6
个月之后，我发现自己完
全不知道这样念下去究竟有什么用。当
时，我的人生漫无目标，也不知道大
学对我能起到什么帮助，所以我决定退学。我相信车
到山前必有路。当时作
这个决定的时候非常害怕，但现在回头去看，这是我这一生所做出
的最正确
的决定之一。从我退学那一刻起，我就再也不用去上那些我毫无兴趣的必修
课了，我开始旁听那些看来比较有意思的科目。
5
这件事情做起来一点都不浪漫。
因为没有自己的宿舍，我只能睡在朋友房间
的地板上；可乐瓶的押金是
< br>5
分钱，我把瓶子还回去好用押金买吃的；在每
个周日的
晚上，我都会步行
7
英里穿越市区，到
Hare
Krishna
教堂去吃我一
20
周里唯一的一顿大餐。那顿餐的味道美极了。我跟随好奇
心和直觉所遇见的
和做的事情，事后证明大多数都是极其珍贵的经验。我举一个例子：<
/p>
6
那个时
候，里德大学提供了全美国最好的字体学课程。整个校园的每一张海
报，每一个抽屉上的
标签，都是漂亮的字体。我选择了一个字体学班，想学
学如何能够做得到。在这个班上，
我学习了各种衬线和无衬线字体，如何改
变不同字体组合之间的字间距，以及如何做出漂
亮的版式。那是一种科学永
远无法捕捉的充满美感、历史感和艺术感的微妙，我发现这太
有意思了。
7
当时，我压根儿没想
到这些知识会在我的生命中有什么实际运用价值；但是
10
年之
后，当我们的设计第一款
Macintosh
电脑的候，这些东
西全派上了用
场。我把它们全部设计进了
Mac
，这是第一台可以排出好看版式的电脑。如
果当时我
大学里没有旁听这门课程的话，
Mac
就不会提供各种字体和等
间距
字体。
8
当然我在念大学的那会儿，不可能有先见之明，把那些生命中的点点滴滴都
串起来；
但
10
年之后再回头看，
生命的轨迹变得非常清楚。
所以，
你要坚信，
你现在所经历的将在你未来的生命中串联起来。你不得不相信某些东西，你
的直觉，命运，生活，因缘际会??正是这种信仰让我不会失去希望，它让
我的人生
变得与众不同。
9
我的第二个故事是关于爱与失去。
10
我是幸运的，
在年轻的时候就知
道了自己爱做什么。
在我
20
岁的时候
，
就和
沃兹在我父母的车库里开创了苹果电脑公司。
我们勤奋工作，
只用了
10
年的
时间，
苹果电脑就从车库里的两个小伙子扩展成拥有
4000
名员工，
价值达到
20
亿美元的企业。而在此之前的一年，我们刚推出了我们最好的产品
Macintosh
电脑，当时我刚过而立之
年。然后，我就被炒了鱿鱼。一个人怎么
可以被他所创立的公司解雇呢？这么说吧，随着
苹果的成长，我们请了一个
原本以为很能干的家伙和我一起管理这家公司，在头一年左右
，他干得还不
错，
但后来，
我们对公司
未来的前景出现了分歧，
于是我们之间出现了矛盾。
由于公司的
董事会站在他那一边，
所以在我
30
岁
的时候，
就被踢出了局。
我
失去了一直
贯穿在我整个成年生活的重心，打击是毁灭性的。
11
在头几个月，我真不知道要做些什么。我觉得我让企业界的前辈们失望了，
< br>
21
我失去了传到我手上的指挥棒。我成了人人皆知
的失败者，我甚至想过逃离
硅谷。但曙光渐渐出现，我还是喜欢我做过的事情。在苹果电
脑发生的一切
丝毫没有改变我，一个比特（
bit
）都没有。虽然被抛弃了，但我的热忱不改。
我决定重新开始。
12
我当时没有看出来，但事实证明，我被苹果
开掉是我这一生所经历过的最棒
的事情。成功的沉重被凤凰涅槃的轻盈所代替，每件事情
都不再那么确定，
我以自由之躯进入了我整个生命当中最有创意的时期。
13
在接下来的
5
年里，
我开创了一家叫做
NeXT
的公司，
接着是一家名叫
Pixar
的公司，
并且结识了后来成为我妻子的曼妙女郎。
P
ixar
制作了世界上第一部
全电脑动画电影
< br>《玩具总动员》
，
现在这家公司是世界上最成功的动画制
作公
司之一。后来经历一系列的事件，苹果买下了
NeXT
，于是我又回到了苹果。
我和劳伦斯也拥有了美满的家庭。
14
我非常肯定，如果没有被苹果炒掉，这
一切都不可能在我身上发生。对于病
人来说，良药总是苦口。生活有时候就像一块板砖拍
向你的脑袋，但不要丧
失信心。热爱我所从事的工作，是一直支持我不断前进的唯一理由
。你得找
出你的最爱，对工作如此，对爱人亦是如此。工作将占据你生命中相当大的
一部分，从事你认为具有非凡意义的工作，方能给你带来真正的满足感。而
< br>从事一份伟大工作的唯一方法，就是去热爱这份工作。如果你到现在还没有
找到这
样一份工作，那么就继续找。不要安于现状。
15
我的第三个故事是关于死亡。
16
在
17
岁的时候，我读过一句格言，
好像是：
“如果你把每一天都当成你生命
里的最后一天，
你将在某一天发现原来一切皆在掌握之中。
”
这句话从我读到
之日起，
就对我产生了深远的影响。
在过去的
33
年里，
我每
天早晨都对着镜
子问自己：
“如果今天是我生命中的末日，
我还愿意做我今天本来应该做的事
情吗？”当一连好多天答案都否定
的时候，我就知道做出改变的时候到了。
17
提
醒自己行将入土是我在面临人生中的重大抉择时，最为重要的工具。因为
所有的事情——
外界的期望、所有的尊荣、对尴尬和失败的惧怕——在面对
死亡的时候，都将烟消云散，
只留下真正重要的东西。在我所知道的各种方
法中，提醒自己即将死去是避免掉入畏惧失
去这个陷阱的最好办法。人赤条
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