有问题医学专业英语词汇——Combining Form,词根,词缀

Combining Form

Meaning

gland

cancer

heart

chemical

to cut

skin

small intestines

stomach

female

blood

water

immune

voice box

shape

kidney

nerve

eye

ear

disease

lung

nose

urine, urinary tract

Example (Definition)

adenopathy (gland disease

carcinoma (cancerous tumor)

cardiac (pertaining to the heart)

chemotherapy (treatment with chemicals

incision (process of cutting into)

dermatology (study of the skin)

pertaining to the small intestines

gastric (pertaining to the stomach)

gynecology (study of females)

pertaining to the blood

hydrocele (protrusion of water)

immunology (study of immunity)

laryngeal (pertaining to the voice box)

morphology (study of shape)

nephromegaly (enlarged kidney)

neural (pertaining to a nerve)

ophthalmic (pertaining to the eye)

otic (pertaining to the ear)

pathology (study of disease)

pulmonary (pertaining to the lungs)

rhinoplasty (surgical repair of the nose)

urology (study of the urinary tract)

aden/o

carcin/o

cardi/o

chem/o

cis/o

dermat/o

enter/o

gastr/o

gynec/o

hemat/o

hydr/o

immune/o

laryng/o

morph/o

nephr/o

neur/o

ophthalm/o

ot/o

path/o

pulmon/o

rhin/o

ur/o

Common Prefixes

Prefix

a-

an-

ante

anti-

auto-

brady-

Meaning

without, away from

without

before, in front of

against

self

slow

Example (Definition)

aphasia (without speech)

anoxia (without oxygen)

antepartum (before birth)

antibiotic (against life)

autograft (a graft from one’s own body)

bradycardia (slow heartbeat)

dys-

endo-

epi-

eu-

hetero-

homo-

hydro-

hyper-

hypo-

infra-

inter-

intra-

macro-

micro-

neo-

pan-

para-

per-

peri-

post-

pre-

pseudo-

retro-

sub-

super-

supra-

tachy-

trans-

ultra-

painful, difficult

within, inner

upon, over

normal, good

different

same

water

over, above

under, below

dyspnea (painful breathing)

endoscope (instrument to view within)

epigastric (upon or over the stomach)

eupnea (normal breathing)

heterograft (a graft from another person’s body)

homozygous (having two identical genes)

hydrotherapy (water therapy)

hypertrophy (overdevelopment)

hypoglossal (under the tongue)

under, beneath, below

infraorbital (below, under the eye socket)

among, between

within, inside

large

small

new

all

beside, beyond, near

through

around

after

before, in front of

false

backward, behind

below, under

above, excess

above

rapid, fast

through, across

beyond, excess

intervertebral (between the vertebrae)

intravenous (inside, within a vein)

macrocephalic (having a large head)

microcephalic (having a small head)

neonate (newborn)

pancarditis (inflammation of all the heart)

paranasal (near or alongside the nose)

percutaneous (through the skin)

pericardial (around the heart)

postpartum (after birth)

prefrontal (in front of the frontal bone)

pseudocyesis (false pregnancy)

retrograde

direction)

(movement

in

a

backwards

subcutaneous (under, below the skin)

supernumerary (above the normal number)

suprapubic (above the pubic bone)

tachycardia (fast heartbeat)

transurethral (across the urethra)

ultrasound (high-frequency sound waves)

Number Prefixes

Prefix

bi-

di-

hemi-

mono-

multi-

nulli-

poly-

quad-

semi-

tri-

uni-

Meaning

two

two

half

one

many

none

many

four

partial, half

three

one

Example (Definition)

bilateral (two sides)

diplegic (paralysis of two extremities)

hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body)

monoplegia (paralysis of one extremity)

multigravida (woman pregnant more than once)

nulligravida (woman with no pregnancies)

polyuria (large amounts of urine)

quadriplegia (paralysis of all four extremities)

semiconscious (partially conscious)

triceps (muscle with three heads)

unilateral (one side)

Common Suffixes

Suffix

-algia

-cele

-cise

-dynia

-ectasis

-ectopia

--gen

-genesis

-genic

-ia

-iasis

-ism

-itis

-logist

-logy

Meaning

pain

hernia, protrusion

cut

pain

dilatation

displacement

that which produces

produces, generates

producing

state, condition

abnormal condition

state of

imflammation

one who studies

study of

Example (Definition)

gastralgia (stomach pain)

cystocele (protrusion of the bladder)

excise (to cut out)

cardiodynia (heart pain)

bronchiectasis (dilated bronchi)

corectopia (pupil of the eye not centered)

mutagen (that which produces mutations)

osteogenesis (produces bone)

carcinogenic (producing cancer)

hemiplegia (condition of being half paralyzed)

lithiasis (abnormal condition of stones)

hypothyroidism (state of low thyroid)

cellulitis (inflammation of cells)

cardiologist (one who studies the heart)

cardiology (study of the heart)

-lysis

-malacia

-megaly

-oma

-osis

-pathy

-plasia

-plasm

-ptosis

-rrhage

-rrhea

-rrhexis

-sclerosis

-stenosis

-therapy

-trophy

-uria

destruction

abnormal softening

enlargement, large

tumor, mass

abnormal condition

disease

development, growth

formation, development

drooping

osteolysis (bone destruction)

chondromalacia (abnormal cartilage softening)

cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)

carcinoma (cancerous tumor)

cyanosis (abnormal condition of being blue)

myopathy (muscle disease)

dysplasia (abnormal development)

neoplasm (new formation)

proctoptosis (drooping rectum)

excessive, abnormal flow

hemorrhage (excessive bleeding)

discharge, flow

rupture

hardening

narrowing

treatment

nourishment,

development

condition of the urine

rhinorrhea (discharge from the nose)

hysterorrhexis (ruptured uterus)

arteriosclerosis (hardening of an artery)

angiostenosis (narrowing of a vessel)

chemotherapy (treatment with chemicals)

hypertrophy (excessive development)

hematuria (blood in the urine)

Surgical Suffixes

Suffix

-centesis

-ectomy

-ostomy

-otomy

-pexy

-plasty

-rrhaphy

Meaning

puncture

to

fluid

Example (Definition)

withdraw

arthrocentesis (puncture to withdraw fluid from

a joint)

gastrectomy (surgically remove the stomach)

an

colostomy (surgically create an opening for the

colon through the abdominal wall)

thoracotomy (cutting into the chest)

nephropexy (surgical fixation of a kidney)

dermatoplasty (surgical repair of the skin)

myorrhaphy (suture together muscle)

surgical removal

surgically

opening

cutting into

surgical fixation

surgical repair

suture

create

Procedural Suffixes

Suffix

-gram

-graph

-graphy

-meter

-metry

-scope

-scopy

Meaning

record or picture

instrument for recording

process of recording

instrument for measuring

process of measuring

instrument for viewing

process

of

examining

Example (Definition)

electrocardiogram

electricity)

(record

of

heart’s

electrocardiograph (instrument for recording

the heart’s

electrical activity)

electrocardiography

(process

of

recording

the heart’s electrical activity)

audiometer (instrument to measure hearing)

audiometry (process of measuring hearing)

gastroscope (instrument to view stomach)

visually

gastroscopy

(process

of

visually

examining

the stomach)

Combining Forms Commonly Used in Integumentary System

Combining form

Meaning

Example

adip/o

fat

adipose

albin/o

white

albinism

caus/o

burn, burning

causalgia

cutane/o

skin

subcutaneous

derm/o

skin

epidermis

dermat/o

skin

dermatitis

disphor/o

profuse sweating

diaphoresis

hidr/o

sweat

anhidrosis

ichthy/o

scaly, dry

ichthyosis

kerat/o

hard, horny tissue

keratosis

leuk/o

white

leukoplakia

lip/o

fat

lipoma

melan/o

black

melanocyte

myc/o

fungus

dermatomycosis

onych/o

nail

onycholysis

pil/o

hair

pilosebaceous

rhytid/o

wrinkle

rhytidoplasty

seb/o

oil

seborrhea

trich/o

hair

trichomycosis

xanth/o

yellow

xanthoma

Suffixes Commonly Used in This System

Suffix

Meaning

Example

-derma

skin

-opsy

view of

-plakia

a plate

-tome

instrument used to cut

scleroderma

biopsy

leukoplakia

dermatome

Combining

Forms

Commonly

Used

in

Musculoskeletal

System

Combining form

Meaning

Example

arthr/o

joint

arthrocentesis

articul/o

joint

articulation

burs/o

sac

bursitis

chondr/o

cartilage

chondroplasty

cost/o

rib

costectomy

crani/o

skull

craniotomy

myel/o

bone marrow

myelitis

orth/o

straight

orthopedics

oste/o

bone

osteoporosis

spondyl/o

vertebra,backbone

spondylarthritis

thorac/o

chest

thoracic

vertebr/o

vertebra,backbone

intervertebral

fasci/o

fascia

fasciorrhaphy

my/o

muscle

electromyogram

ten/o

tendon

tenodynia

tend/o

tendon

tendotomy

tendin/o

tendon

tendinitis

Suffixes Commonly Used in This System

Suffix

Meaning

Example

-kinesia

movement

dyskinesia

-porosis

porous

osteoporosis

-trophy

development

hypertrophy

-malacia

abnormal softening

osteomalacia

Combining form

Meaning

Example

angi/o

vessel

angioplasty

aort/o

aorta

aortic stenosis

arter/o, arteri/o

artery

arteriosclerosis

ather/o

yellowish plaque, fatty substance

atherosclerosis

atri/o

atrium, upper heart chamber

atrioventricular

cardi/o

heart

cardiomyopathy

cholesterol/o

cholesterol

hypercholesterolemia

corn/o

cyan/o

ox/o

pericardi/o

phleb/o

rrhythm/o

sphygm/o

steth/o

thromb/o

valvul/o, valv/o

vas/o

vascul/o

ven/o

ventricul/o

heart

blue

oxygen

pericardium

vein

rhythm

pulse

chest

clot

valve

vessel

vessel

vein

ventricle, lower heart chamber

coronary arteries

cyanosis

hypoxia

pericardiocentesis

phlebotomy

arrhythmia

sphygmomanometer

stethoscope

thrombolysis

valvuloplasty

vasoconstriction

vascular

venous

ventriculotomy

Prefixes Relating to the Cardiovascular System

Meaning

Example

Prefix

brady-

tachy-

slow

fast

bradycardia

tachycardia

Suffixes Relating to the Cardiovascular System

Meaning

Example

Suffix

-manometer

-ole

-sclerosis

-stenosis

-tension

-ule

Instrument to measure pressure

small

hardening

narrowing

pressure

small

sphygmomanometer

arteriole

arteriosclerosis

angiostenosis

hypotension

venule