道具英文-马宁宁
2007
年
6
月
一、
I've
been writing for most of my life.
我一辈子大部分时间都在从事写作。
The
book
Writing
Without
Teachers
introduced
me
to
one
distinction
and
one
practice
that has helped my writing processes tremendously.
《写作无师自通》
这本书想我介绍了
一种区别和一种练习。
帮助我大大提高
了写作水平。
The distinction is between the
creative mind and the critical mind.
区别是关于创造性思维和评判性思维之间的区别。
While you need to employ both to get to
a finished result, they cannot work in
parallel no matter how much we might
like to think so.
你需要做的是运用两者帮助你得到一个结果，<
/p>
但是他们不能同时起作用，
无
论我们多么
想要这样做。
Trying to criticize
writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest
barrier to writing
that most of us
encounter.
试图匆忙地批判写作内容可能是我们大多数人在写作时遇到的最
大障碍。
If you are listening to
that 5th grade English teacher correct your
grammar while
you are trying to capture
a fleeting
（稍纵即逝的）
thought, the thought will die.
如果你按照五年级英语老师教你的，
在努力抓紧稍纵即逝的想法的同时纠正
你的语法，这个想法肯定会消失。
If
you
capture
the
fleeting
thought
and
simply
share
it
with
the
world
in
raw
form, no one is likely to understand.
如果你抓住了稍纵即逝的想法，
但仅
以其原始的形式和世界分享，
或许没有
人能够理解。
You must learn to create first
and then criticize if you want to make writing the
tool for thinking that it is.
如果你想要把写作作为思考的工具，必须学会首先创造，然后批判。
The practice that can help you past
your learned bad habits of trying to
edit as
you write is what Elbow
ca
lls “free writing.”
练习是指
ELbow
所说的
“
自由写作
”
，
它可以帮助你改正边写边改的话习惯。
In free
writing, the objective is to get words down on
paper non-stop, usually for
15-20
minutes.
在自由写作中，我们的目标是在
15-20
分钟的时间内不间断写作。
No stopping, no going back, no
criticizing.
不停顿，不回头，不作批判。
The
goal is to get the words flowing.
这样做的目的是使文字流畅起来。
As
the
words
begin
to
flow,
the
ideas
will
come
from
the
shadows
and
let
themselves be captured on your notepad
or your screen.
当语言开始流畅，
想法就会
从阴暗处涌现出来，
呈现在你的笔记本或者电脑
屏幕上。
Now you have raw materials
that you can begin to work with using the critical
mind
that you've persuaded to sit on
the side and watch quietly.
现在，你有进行评判性思维的原材料了，建议你坐下静静地查看文稿。
Most likely, you will believe that this
will take more time than you actually have
and you will end up staring blankly at
the pages as the deadline draws near.
通
常，
你会认为这个环节所需的时间比你实际需要的时间要长，
并
且直到最
后一刻，你还盯着文稿，头脑一片空白。
Instead of
staring at a blank start filling it with words no
matter how bad.
不要盯着空白的屏幕，无论多么糟糕，都开始写下去。
Halfway
through
you
available
time,
stop
and
rework
your
raw
writing
into
something closer to finished product. <
/p>
写作时间进行到一半时，停下来整理你的初稿，让它更接近终稿。
Move
back
and
forth
until
you
run
out
of
time
and
the
final
result
will
most
likely
be far better than your current practices.
不断前后重复，
直到时间用尽。
这样，
你所得到的终稿会比你用现在在练习
中写的文稿要好得多。
二、
I
don’t ever want to talk about being a
woman scientist again.
我不想再谈关于作为一位女性科学家的问题了。
There was a time in my life when people
asked constantly for stories about what
it’s like to work in a field dominated
by men.
有一段时间，人们不断地问我在男性主导的领域中工作的故事。
I
was
never
very
good
at
telling
those
stories
because
truthfully
I
never
found
them
interesting.
我不擅长将这些故事，因为实际上我并不觉得它们有趣。
What I do find interesting is the
origin of the universe, the shape of space-time
and the nature of black holes.
我真正感兴趣的是宇宙的起源，时空的形状和黑洞的本质。
At 19, when I began studying
astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to
be
the only woman in the classroom.
在
19
岁的时候，
我
开始学习天体物理学，
作为班上唯一的女性，
我一点也不
觉得苦恼。
But
while
earning
my
Ph.D.
at
MIT
and
then
as
a
post-doctor
doing
space
research, the issue started to bother
me.
但是当我在麻省理工学院攻读博士学位和之后作为博
士后进行太空研究时，
这一点开始让我觉得苦恼。
My every
achievement
—
jobs, research
papers, awards
—
was viewed
through the
lens of gender
(
性别
) were my failures.
我的每一项成就
----
工作，研究论文，奖项
---
都被人们从性别政治的角度进
行
审视。我的失败也一样。
Sometimes, when I was pushed into an
argument on left brain versus
(
相对于
)
right
brain,
or
nature
versus
nurture
(
培育
),
I
would
instantly
fight
fiercely
on
my
behalf and all womankind.
有时候，
当我陷入左脑和右脑，
天赋与
培育的争论中时，
我会立刻为我自己
和所有的妇女进行激烈的抗
辩。
Then
one
day
a
few
years
ago,
out
of
my
mouth
came
a
sentence
that
would
eventually
become
my
reply
to
any
and
all
provocations:
I
don’t
talk
about
that
anymore.
然后再
很多年以后的一天，我口中冒出一句最终成为我对所有挑衅的回答：
“
< br>我不再讨论这个问题了
”
It took me 10 years to get back the
confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I
didn’t want to deal
with
gender issues.
我花了十年的时间重获
19
岁时的自信，
让自己认识到我不再想要
处理性别的
问题。
Why
should
curing
sexism
be
yet
another
terrible
burden
on
every
female
scientist?
为何性别歧视要成为每位女性科学家的另一个可怕的负担？
After all, I don’t study sociology or
political theory.
毕竟，我不是社会学或政治理论的研究者。
Today I r
esearch and teach
at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City.
现在，我在
Barnard---<
/p>
纽约的一所女子学院进行研究和授课。
Recently,
someone
asked
me
how
may
of
the
45
students
in
my
class
were
women.
最近，有人问我班上的
45
个学生中有多少是女性。
You
cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to
answer, 45.
你很难想象我在回答时的满足感：
45
。
I
know
some
of
my
students
worry
how
they
will
manage
their
scientific
research and a
desire for I don’t dismiss those concerns.
我知道有些学生会担心如何处理科学俺就和生儿育女之间的矛
盾，
我不会不
理会这些担心。
Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories.
In
stead, I have given them this: the
visual of
their physics professor
heavily pregnant doing physics experiments.
但是，我也不会跟她们讲述
“
战争
< br>”
的故事，相反，我会告诉他们：他们的物
理教授身怀六
甲仍然坚持做物理实验的景象。
And
in
turn
they
have
given
me
the
image
of
45
women
driven
by
a
love
of
science. And
th
at’s a sight worth talking
about.
作为回报，
他们给我我
45
个热爱科学的女性的形象。
这才是
值得谈论的景象。
道具英文-马宁宁
道具英文-马宁宁
道具英文-马宁宁
道具英文-马宁宁
道具英文-马宁宁
道具英文-马宁宁
道具英文-马宁宁
道具英文-马宁宁
-
上一篇：基本病理过程
下一篇：大脑缺氧十分钟即可死亡