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英美文学史名词解释
1.
English
Critical Realism
English
critical
realism of
the 19
th
century
flourished in the forties
and
in
the
early
fifties.
The
realists
first
and
foremost
criticized
the
capitalist society from a democratic
viewpoint and delineated (portrayed)
the crying (extremely shocking)
contradictions of bourgeois reality. The
greatness of the English realists lies
not only in their satirical portrayal of
bourgeoisie and in the exposure of the
greed and hypocrisy of the ruling
classes,
but
also
in
their
sympathy
for
the
laboring
people.
Humor
and
satire are used to expose and criticize
the seamy (dark) side of reality. The
major
contribution
of
the
critical
realists
lies
in
their
perfection
of
the
novel.
Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray
are the most
important representative
of English critical realism.
2.
The
The
of
consciousness
is
a
psychological
term
indicating
flux
of
conscious
and
subconscious
thoughts
and
impressions
moving in the mind at any given time
independently of the person's will.
In
late
19
th
century,
the
literary
device
of
monologue
was
originated
in
France
as
an
application
of
modern
psychological
knowledge to literary creations. In the
20
th
century, under the
influence of
Freud 's theory of
psychological analysis, a number of writers
adopted the
of
these
novelists
is
their
giving
precedence
to
the
depiction
of
the
characters' mental and emotional
reactions to external events, rather than
the
events
themselves.
In
doing
so,
the
novelists
abandoned
the
conventional
usages
of
realistic
plot
structure,
characterization
and
description,
and
their
works
became
successions
of
images
of
the external world
mingled with thoughts and half-thoughts and
shadows
of thought attached to the
immediate present or moving back and forth in
memory.
James
Joyce
and
Virginia
Woolf
are
the
two
best
known
novelists of the
3.
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism is the summit of the
Romantic Movement in the
history of
American literature in the
19
th
century.
Transcendentalism has
been defined
philosophically as
knowing
truth
intuitively
Transcendentalists
place
emphasis
on
the
importance
of
the
Over-soul,
the
individual
and
Nature.
The
most
important
representatives
are
Ralph
Waldo
Emerson
and
Henry
David
Thoreau.
4.
Renaissance
Renaissance
in
European
history
refers
to
the
period
from
14
th
century
to
17
th
century.
means
the
revival
of
interest
in
Ancient
Greek
and
Roman
culture
and
getting
rid
of
conservatism in feudalist Europe and
introducing new ideas that express