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英译汉翻译技能
归化
(Adaptation)
由于文化上的差异，
英译汉时有时直译原文就会使译入语
读者感到费解，甚至误解。这时，就有必要
借用汉语中意义相同或相近、且具有自己鲜明文
化色彩的表达法对原文加以归化。
常用于翻译成语、典故、形象词等文化色彩较浓的表达方式
1)
have a wolf by
the ears
骑虎难下
2)
to be cut at elbows
捉襟见肘
3)
at sword
’
s points
强烈分歧
4)
Give a dog an ill name and
hang him.
欲加之罪，何患无词
5)
A little pot is soon hot
量小易怒
6)
I
don
’
t understand how he can
think she is good-looking, but beauty is in the
eye
of the beholder
.
我不知道他怎么会认为她好看呢，但是情人眼里出西施。
7)
He may always
possess merits which make up for everything; if he
loses on the
swings, he may win on the
roundabouts.
他也
许总是保持着弥补一切的优点，失之东隅的，他可以收之桑榆。
8)
It was a case
of diamond cut diamond. They thought they were
going to beat
Barcelona. In fact they
lost the game 0:3.
强中自有强中手，他们以为可以痛宰巴塞罗那，事实上他们
0
< br>：
3
惨败。
9)
All you can do
is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope
that one day
they
’
ll come out
on top.
你只有破釜沉舟跟他们拚，或许有朝一日会出头的。
10)
The
students must be enjoying the speech, because
they
’
re laughing their heads
off.
学生们笑得前仰后合，他们一定是很欣赏这个演讲。
-------------
单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词分译成一个句子。
目的：
1
、句法上的需要
2
、修辞上的需要
1)
At present
people have a tendency to choose the safety of the
middle-ground
reply.
现在，人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，因为它
安全，不招风险。
2)
The inside of each tent
depended on the personality of its occupants.
每个帐篷内怎么布置，这就要看各个使用者的性格了。
3)
Aunt Julia vainly asked each of her
neighbours in turn to tell her what Gabriel had
said.
朱莉亚姨妈接连向坐在旁边的人打听加布里埃尔刚才说了些什么，却没有问出个所以然来。
< br>
4)
The American commander
,
Admiral Nimitz, was understandably reluctant to
join
the battle.
美军司令上将尼米兹怠于出战，这是可以理解的。
Ø
短语分译
短语分译是指把原文中的一个短语分译成一个句子。
1)
The
intent to make an immediate gift must be clear and
unmistakable, and the
transfer must
take immediate and permanent effect.
直接赠与的意向必须明白无误，转让行为必须立即产生效力，
且该效力应具有永久性。
2)
Built in 1192, the bridge
is over 700 hundred years old.
这座桥是
1192
< br>年修建的，至今已经有
700
多年的历史了。
3)
Several blocks from the park, running
parallel to it, Clement Street bustles like a
second Chinatown with dozens of ethnic
restaurants.
离公
园几个街区便是与公园平行的克莱门特街。那儿有十几家民族餐馆，热闹得如同第二个
唐
人街。
Ø
句子分译
句子分译可以分为简单句的分译，
并列复合句的分译，主从复合句的分译以及长句的分译。
1)
His wealth enables him to
do everything.
他有钱，什么事都能干。
2)
His
contemptuous attitude towards us is contemptible.
他以藐视的态度对待我们，这种态度是可鄙的。
汉译英翻译重点
主语的确定
原文主语作主语：场合有限
重新确定主语
（比较翻译）
1)
世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。
a)
The turn of the century finds China
most attractive on the diplomatic arena.
b)
At the turn of the century, China is
very active in its diplomatic activities.
中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。
Great changes have taken
place in China.
China has witnessed tremendous changes.
2)
一九六四年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。
a.
China
’
s first
atomic blast in October
, 1964 was a
great shock to the rest of the
world.
b.
In October
,
1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which
shocked the rest of
the world greatly.
3)
胎又瘪了。
a.
We
’
ve got another
flat tire.
b.
Our tire is
flat again.
4)
人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。
a. It is impossible to
judge people from their appearance, and impossible
to measure the
ocean by pints.
b. We
can
’
t judge people from
their appearance, just as we
can
’
t measure the ocean by
pints.
增补主语
1
、
推敲语境
2
、
考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要
沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。
Silence,
silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in
this silence!
起大风了。
It
’
s
blowing hard.
用劳动实现自己的理想，用理想指导自己的劳动。
You realize
your ideals through labor and you guide your labor
by ideals.
1)
中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪的驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。
a.
The ship of
China
’
s socialist
construction will brave the wind and waves and
sail to
the glorious destination of
modernization.
b.
China will stride forward in building
socialism, like a ship braving the wind and the
waves, towards the glorious destination
of modernization.
2)
我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，而且成为兄弟。
a.
The
development
of
our
relations
has
made
us
not
only
close
friends
but
also
brothers.
b.
Our
relations have so grown that bind us not only as
close friends but also as
brothers.
3)
他心直口快，总是愿意和任何人交
朋友，所以很快就赢得了大家的信任。
a.
His
outspokenness
and
readiness
to
make
friends
with
anyone
soon
won
their
trust.
b.
He was very outspoken and always ready
to make friends with anyone, so he won
their trust.
4)
中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。
a.
A strong, prosperous and
developed China will pose no threat to any
countries.
b.
The
strength,
prosperity
and
development
of
China
will
pose
no
threat
to
any
countries.
5)
轻纺工业产品的花色品种增多，质量继续有所提高。
a.
The designs and variety of
light industrial and textile products have
increased and
their quality has
continued to improve.
b.
Light industry and textile products are
now available in better designs and quality
and richer variety.
6)
楼的质量不好。
a.
The building is not well
built.
b.
The quality of
the building is poor
.
天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。
Storms gather
without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men
overnight.
真是太荒谬了。
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