民族主义者Australian culture and Australian English

Australian culture and Australian English

Australia geographical environment and brief history

Australia is west Indian Ocean and East to the south Pacific coral sea

and Tasman ocean, is the latest continent that have been discovered

except Antarctica.

Australia's National surface area near 770 million square kilometers,

Equivalent

to

the

British

Isles

25

times

and

is

almost

India

and

Pakistan

twice

of

the

total

area

of

the

two

countries.

In

the

2nd

century

BC,

Greek

mathematician

Ptolus

in

his

drawing

of

a

world

map calls it undiscovered continent.

In the 1860's,

Captain James Cook of British navy was sent to Tahiti

to

do

some

astronomical

observations.

After

the

mission,

Captain

James Cook drove the ship

“

Endeavour

”< /p>

south bypass New Zealand.

In April 1970, Captain Cook discovered the southeast corner's land of

Australia

where

near

the

Erard,

then

they

sailed

north.

After

nine

days,

Captain Cook landed the new land in the east.

Because he found

a wide variety of plants there, so he named this place as Botany Bay.

Then they continued sail to south,

and through the Torres Strait,

and

landed a small island about 3 kilometers away from the Cape York,

and rise The British flag there,

Officially announced that the Britain

1

have

occupied

the

eastern

part

of

the

continent,

and

named

the

small island as

The

news

that

Captain

Cook

discovered

the

Australian

has

induced much interest in England.

At that time, the British law is

very strict,

Steal some pieces of bread will be imprisoned.

In the

18th century 70's, the

London prison was capacity crowd, even

the river Thames had full parked the prisoner ships.

Before the

1776, the United States is an ideal place for exile prisoners, but

then it had been liberated, the British prisoners can not sent to

there

any

more.

To

reduce

the

river

Thames

crowded

traffic

condition

because

of

the

Prisoners

ship,

The

Britain

government

decided

that

the

new

continent

will

serve

as

a

prisoner's new penal colony

In 1787

，

Arthur Phillip was appointed to be the first governor of

the

New Wales colony. In 1787 on May 13, Arthur leaded a team

composed of eleven ships fleet set off from England. The ship

totally have 1030 people (778 prisoners),

after 8 months of the

long voyage, they finally reached the Botany Bay in 1788 18th

January and 32 people died n the way. After eight days, the fleet

sailed north several kilometers to the Jackson port to establish

2

colonies.

This little piece of exile criminal colony has grown to

become the Australia's largest city

–

Sydney.

In 1788 January 26, Arthur Phillip Officially announced that the

British have occupied the eastern Australia. And then January

26th was designated as Australia National Day

The first settlers have reached Australia in 1793. Along with the

increase of free migration, the British input prisoner to Australia

has reached millions.

The founding of The Australian federal was proclaimed in 1901

to January 1. The 6 colonies (New South Wales, Victoria,

Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania

)

have become the six states of the Australian federal. In 1911,

underlined a place from South Australia as the Australian

capital. And directly governed by the federal government just as

the Western Australia.

Australians and their language

3

?

The population of Australia is about 150 million, included

1.6 million aboriginals; take up 1.2% of the population of

Australia. Most of the Australians are the descendants of Britain

free immigration and prisoners. They live with the natives in a

piece of land for a long time, and often conflicted. Since the

latter half of

the 19th century, more and more free migration

some from other European Countries such as Italian Greek

German Poland Russia, and there are also some Asian countries

such as Japanese free migration and the Philippines labor,

but

the number is not very big. Chinese influx into the Australia

began in the mid 19th century for the gold rush. A large number

of Jewish immigrants to the Australia in the World War II.

In

1956, after the Hungarian incident a lot of Hungary refugees

enter Australia the war that Vietnam invades Cambodia lead a

large number of Vietnam and Cambodia refugees to Australia.

So in the population of 150 million Australians, there are about

30 to 40 million overseas immigration.

Influx of a large number of immigrants helps Australia to have

colorful cultural. In Australian, except for the Catholic and

Christian, most of people believe in Judaism

、

Islam and

Buddhism

。

Many towns of Australia set synagogues and

4

mosques, and few towns have Buddhist temples. The temples

can make people remember Chinese in the Gold rush.

English is the mother tongue of most Australia. It

’

s brought from

Great Britain by prisoners

、

adventurer and free immigrants

，

take

root, bloom, and create a unique style of English in Australian.

The prisoners from all over Britain but most are from the

southeast of England. By 1819, the prisoners that have been

sent to Australian have one third from London prisons. So the

Australian English is pretty close to the English of southeast

England in accent,

but relatively have a flat rhythm and rising

tone is more.

This is particularly in Broad Australian Accent

The Broad Australian Accent has the following Characteristics:

When pronunciation |ei|, the mouth opened larger, and parts of

pronunciation lay back, so it often pronunciation | ai|.

Such as

：

Raise pronounced into rise

Day pronounced into die

Tape pronounced into type

Basin pronounced into bison

5

In an open type pronunciation, some Phonemes are replaced by

some other phonemes. Such as:

∕

u

?

∕

∕

?∕

Poor

∕

pu

?

∕

∕

p

?

∕

Moor

∕

mu

?

∕

∕

m

?

∕

∕

ju

?

∕

∕

ju:

?

∕

Cure

∕

kju

?

∕

∕

kju:

?

∕

Pure

∕

pju

?

∕

∕

pju:

?

∕

∕

?

:

∕

∕

ou

∕

∕

?

∕

Aucton

∕

`

< br>?

:k

??

n

< br>∕

∕

`

?

k

??

n

∕

Roster

∕

`roust

?

∕

< br>

∕

`r

?

st

?

∕

∕

i

∕

∕

?

∕

Boxes

∕

`b

?

ksiz

∕