bracelets-麦肯纳
too…
to
…
结构用
法解析
在“
too
< br>…
to
”结构中,整个结构的意思是“太……以致不能…
…”
。
一、基本形式:
too+adj. / adv.+to do
.
其中“
to
do
”修饰“
too+adj. / adv.
”作为结
果状语或程度状语。
“
to do
”通常包含否定意义。
1. The problem is too hard for a child
to understand.
(问题太难了,小孩子不能理
解
。
)
2.
Examples are too many to
cite.
(例子太多,举不胜举。
)
3.
It
’
s too cold to go in the
sea
yet.
(天太冷,还不能下海。
)
4.
It
’
s too long a journey to
make in one day.
(路程太远,一天之内到不了。
)
5.
It
’
s too good an opportunity
to miss.
(那是一个不应该错过的极好机会。
)
6.
It
’
s too early for us to go
yet.
(我们现在就去太早了点。
)
7.
It
’
s too cold to go swimming
.
(天气太冷,不能去游泳。
)
8. He is too much of a
coward
(
too
cowardly
)
to fight.
(他太懦弱,不敢抗争。
)
9. It
’
s too late
to shut the stable door when the steed is stolen.<
/p>
(贼去关门,
为时已晚。
)
10. Lying in the pool
of blood
,
she was too week to
speak.
(她躺在血泊里,虚弱得
说不出话来。
)
上述例句中,
p>
有的主语和不定式有逻辑上的动宾关系
(即句子的主语在逻辑上是不
定式的宾
语)
,有的则没有这种关系。如果存在这种动宾关系,
句子的不定式用主动语态或被动语态
在意义上常无多少差别。
当
然,
如果不定式采用被动语态,
这种逻辑上的动宾关系就变成了
逻辑上的主谓关系了。
1. Atoms are too small to
see
(
or be
seen
)
with naked eyes.
(原子太小,肉眼看不
见。
)
2.
It
’
s too hot to
eat
(
or to be eaten
)
.
(太烫了,没法吃。
)
3. The light is too
dim to be used for close work.
(这灯太暗,不能用
来做细活。
)
4. That
was too complicated to be expressed clearly inone
or tow words.
(那太复杂了,无法用一、两
句话表达清楚。
)
那究竟什么情况下用主动语态,什么情况下用被动语态呢一般来说,哪种形式表意更清楚、
更自然、更符合习惯,则取哪种形式。
1. Novels in the original are too
difficult to read.
(主动语态)
(原版小
说太难读
了。
)
2. At that time he was too
far away to be seen.
(被动语态)
(那时,他离得太远,看不到他。
)
以上这两个例句中的语态调换一下,则会引起意思不清或不自
然。
二、当“
too
…
to
”结构之前加了<
/p>
not
,
only
,
but
,
all
< br>,
never
等词时,
“
too
…
to
”结
构
构成的句子也无否定意义。
此时
to
o
后的形容词多为表示心情的形容词。
因为,
< br>在此情况下,
这些词加
too
在
意义上相当于
very
。
1. One is never too old to
learn.
(活到老,学到老。
)
2. Swimming is not too
difficult to
learn.
(游泳并不十分难学。
)
3. We are only too pleased
to go with her.
(我们非常乐意和她一起去。
)
4. Mary knew
but too well to hold her tongue on that occasion.
(玛丽深知在那种场合少说为妙。
)
5.
It
’
s never too late to
mend.
(亡羊补牢,犹未为晚。
)
6.
They
are
all
too
satisfied
to
follow
others
suit
without
the
pain
of
thought
for
themselves.
(他们十分满足于依样画葫芦,自己不肯花力气、动脑筋。
)<
/p>
上面所提到的这些词只能和某些形容
词或副词连用,用在“
too
…
to<
/p>
”结构中,不能生搬硬
套句型。如下面例句:
He is too cruel to
sympathy for others.
(他太残忍了,对人不会有同情心。
)
此例句中,在
too cruel
之
前不能添加
only
,
but
之类的词,否则会引起逻辑上的自相矛
盾。
He is only too lazy to do
it himself.
(他太懒了,哪会自己去干那种事。
)
其中的
o
nly
也属误用,应该去掉。由此可见,能否在
too
之前加上诸如
only
,
but
等词,
关键是
too <
/p>
之后的形容词的意义。常用的形容词有
glad
< br>,
pleased
,
willi
ng
,
thankful
,
good
,
true
等等
。
1. At another
time I learned that no matter was too small to
escape the Prime
Minister
’
s
attention.
(另一次,我发现,事无巨细,总理
事事关心。
)
2. He was an all-round genius.
Nothing was too difficult for him to learn.
(他多才多艺,没有他学不会的东西。
)
3. The
question was so easy. Noone in the world was too
foolish to answer it.
(这个问题
如此容易,不至于有谁蠢得答不上来。
)
三、此结构与
ready
,
anxious
,
in
clined
,
apt
,
easy
,
eager
,<
/p>
willing
,
happy
这一类词
连用时,也不再含有否定意义。
too
不再只和
to
do
发生关系,而是修饰
too
之后的整个
部分了。
1. The old women was too
ready to
talk.
(那位老妇人太饶舌。
)
2. He is too ready to find
fault.
(他最喜欢挑毛病。
)
2. The tradesman was too
anxious to sell his pens.
(这位买卖人十分急于卖掉他的
钢
笔。
)
4. He was too willing to accept
Mary
’
s invitation.
(玛丽的邀请他求之不得。
)
5. Beginners are too apt to make
mistakes here.
(初学者特别容易在这儿搞错。
)
从这些例句中,
我们不难发现,
too
不仅没有使句子产生否定意义,相反,
它还起了某种强
调作用,使之成为一种加强语气的结构。这在教学中要引起注意。
四、在“
too
…
to
”结构中,
to
do
前用
not
加以否定。
“
too
…
to
”结构通常已含有否定意
义,在其中加上
not
后便形成了“双重否定为肯定”
。这样,
“
too
…
not to do
”所表达
的
意思就是:
“如此……是会……”
,
或“如此……哪能不……”
。
1. He was too angry not to criticize he
r.
(他太生气了,哪能不批评她。
)
2. The poem is far too
beautiful not to be requited here.
(这首诗太美了,这里还要引用一下。
)
3. His experience there was
too bitter not to be remembered.
(他在那里的经历太惨了,不容他记不得。
)
4. Mr. Holmes was too wise
not to see the tricks of the criminals.
(福尔摩斯先生如此精明,岂能看不出罪犯玩弄的花招。
p>
)
5.
Tom is too hard-working not to pass the exam.
(汤姆这么用功,哪有考不及格的道
理。
)
6.
He
read
too
many
books
about
Africa
not
to
known
something
about
the
social
customs
there.
(他读
了那么多有关非洲的书,不会不对哪儿的社会习俗有所了解。
)
五、
“
To
o
…
to
”与“
enough to
”和“
so
…
that
”的区别:
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