wulinThe Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was period from the 18

th

to the 19

th

century where major changes

in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the

social, economic and cultural conditions of the times. It began in England in the middle of the 18

th

century,

and

then

subsequently

spread

throughout

Western

Europe,

North

America,

Japan,

and

eventually the world.

The Glorious Revolution

of

1688

established

the

constitutional

monarchy

system

capitalist

system

in

England,

and

created

the

favorable

political

condition

for

the

rapid

development

of

capitalist

economy.

From

1688

to

the

middle

of

18

th

,

the

social

economy

in

England

had

undergone profound changes. These changes gave rise to the industrial revolution.

But why was Britain the first country to industrialize, because those following factors.

Britain

had

favorable

geographical

location.

Britain

was

well

placed

geographically

to

participate

in

European

and

world

trade.

Excellent

harbor,

convenient

shipping

is

easy

to

trade

with other countries. It was a country in which the main towns were never too far from seaports,

or from rivers, which could distribute their products.

Britain had a peaceful society, which, after the 17th century, was increasingly interested in

overseas

trade

and

colonies.

International

trade

brought

wealth

to

merchants

and

city

bankers.

They

and

those

who

had

done

well

out

of

new

farming

methods

provided

capital

in

large

quantities for industrialization.

The limited monarchy which resulted from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 ensured that the

powerful

economic

interests

in

the

community

could

exert

their

influence

over

Government

policy.

Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport but also for water and steam power.

Britain also had useful mineral resources.

The enclosure movement causes the farmer who deprives the producer goods to degenerate

into

the

employment

worker,

country

use

power

and

violence

to

enclosure,

accelerate

the

separation

of

workers

and

products,

and

promote

the

formation

of

the

labor

force.

Meanwhile

established capitalist agriculture on the enclosure, not only provide food for the rising population,

labor

for

the

factories,

and

some

of

the

raw

materials

needed

by

industry,

but

also

provide

the

enough commodity grain for the city.

England, Scotland, and Wales formed a customs union after 1707 and this included Ireland