下线英文物流词汇

国际航空运输组织

一、国际民用航空组织

(International Civil Aviation Organization, ICAO

，

/ )

国际民 用航空组织于

1947

年

4

4

日成立，是联合国所属专门机构之一，也是政 府间的

国际航空机构。它的总部设在加拿大的蒙特利尔，现有成员国

150

多个。其宗旨是根据安全和

有秩序的方式发展，使国 际航运业务建立在机会均等的基础上，并予以完善和经济的经营。其常

设领导机构是理事 会，由大会选出的成员国组成。我国是该组织的成员国，也是理事国之一。

为了发展国际民航事业，国际民航组织曾做了下列各项工作：

1

、建立各国和平交换空中通过权。

2

、简化飞机进出的海关、移民局和检疫所的手续。

3

、规定各机场的导航、通讯、气象、情报等设备以及空中交通管制系统。

4

、编印

15

种国际民航语言。

5

、鼓励各国改进飞机的性能。

6

、在联运、票价、表格和单据统一等方面，也做了一些工作。

二、国际航空运输协会（

International Air Transport Association, IATA

，

/ )

国际航 空运输协会是各国航空运输企业之间的联合组织，

会员必须是国际民用航空组织成员

国的空运企业。

三、国际货物发运人协会（

The International Federation of Freight Forwarders

Association, FIATA

）

成立于

1926

年。它的会员不仅限于货运代理企业，还包括海关、船舶代理、空运代理、仓

库业和 汽车运输业等，因为这些部门都是国际运输的一部分。现在

FIATA

< br>已有

50

多个正式会

员和

1000

个以上的联系会员，它的业务活动遍及世界上

125

个国家的从事运输工作的

3500

个公司。

它本身不是一个营利性质的组织，

它的任务 是协助各国的货运代理组织和同行业联合起

来，在各种国际会议中代表货物发运人的利益 。

< /p>

FIATA

下设十个技术委员会，

其中之 一为航空学会。

它的主要任务是促进和维护货运代理在

航空货运 方面的利益以及协调在世界范围内各国货运代理协会的活动。

空运管理术语解释

Acronym

AAR

AC or A/C

ADZY

ARPT

Meaning

Airport Acceptance Rate or Airport Arrival Rate. The number of arrivals an

airport is capable of accepting each hour.

Aircraft

Advisory

Airport

Air

Route

Surveillance

Route

Traffic

Control

Center

(ARTCC)

radar

used

primarily to detect and display an aircraft's position while en route between

terminal

areas.

The

ARSR

enables

controllers

to

provide

radar

air

traffic

control

service

when

aircraft

are

within

the

ARSR

coverage.

In

some

instances,

ARSR

may

enable

an

ARTCC

to

provide

terminal

radar

services

similar

to

but

usually

more

limited than those provided by a radar approach control.

Air

Route

Traffic

Control

Center.

A

facility

established

to

provide

air

traffic

control service to aircraft operating on IFR flight plans within controlled

airspace and principally during the en route phase of flight. When equipment

capabilities and controller workload permit, certain advisory/assistance

services

may

be

provided

to

VFR

aircraft.

There

are

20

ARTCCs

in

the

continental

U.S.

Airport Surveillance Radar. Approach control radar used to detect and display

an aircraft's position in the terminal area. ASR provides range and azimuth

information

but

does

not

provide

elevation

data.

Coverage

of

the

ASR

can

extend

up to 60 miles.

Air

Traffic

Control.

A

service

operated

by

appropriate

authority

to

promote

the

safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic.

Air Traffic Control System Command Center

Airport Traffic Control Tower. A terminal facility that uses air/ground

communications,

visual

signaling,

and

other

devices

to

provide

ATC

services

to

aircraft operating in the vicinity of an airport or on the movement area.

Authorizes aircraft to land or takeoff at the airport controlled by the tower

or to transit the Class D airspace area regardless of flight plan or weather

conditions (IFR or VFR). A tower may also provide approach control services

(radar or nonradar).

Collaborative Decision Making. Cooperative effort between the various

components

of

aviation

transportation,

both

government

and

industry,

to

exchange

information for better decision making.

Coded

Departure

Routes.

Predefined

routes

used

to

route

air

traffic

around

areas

of severe weather.

ARSR

ARTCC

ASR

ATC

ATCSCC

ATCT

CDM

CDR

CIGS

CLSD

EDCT

EMERG

EQUIP

FSM

Ceilings.

The

height

above

the

ground

of

the

base

of

the

lowest

layer

of

clouds

when over half of the sky is obscured.

Closed

Expect Departure Clearance Time. Time issued to a flight to indicate when it

can

expect

to

receive

departure

clearance.

EDCTs

are

issued

as

part

of

Traffic

Management Programs, such as a Ground Delay Program (GDP).

Emergency

Equipment

Flight Schedule Monitor. A tool used by Air Traffic Management Specialists to

monitor air traffic demand at airports.

Flight Service Station. Air traffic facilities which provide pilot briefing,

en

route

communications

and

VFR

search

and

rescue

services,

assist

lost

aircraft

and aircraft in emergency situations, relay ATC clearances, originate Notices

to

Airmen,

broadcast

aviation

weather

and

NAS

information,

receive

and

process

IFR

flight

plans,

and

monitor

NAVAIDs.

In

addition,

at

selected

locations,

FSSs

provide En Route Flight Advisory Service (Flight Watch), take weather

observations, issue airport advisories, and advise Customs and Immigration of

transborder flights.

Ground Delay Program. Ground Delay Programs are implemented to control air

traffic volume to airports where the projected traffic demand is expected to

exceed the airport's acceptance rate for a lengthy period of time. Lengthy

periods of demand exceeding acceptance rate are normally a result of the

airport's

acceptance

rate

being

reduced

for

some

reason.

The

most

common

reason

for a reduction in acceptance rate is adverse weather such as low ceilings and

visibility.

How it works:

Flights that are destined to the affected airport are issued Expect Departure

Clearance

Times

(EDCT)

at

their

point

of

departure.

Flights

that

have

been

issued

EDCTs

are

not

permitted

to

depart

until

their

Expect

Departure

Clearance

Time.

These

ECDTs

are

calculated

in

such

a

way

as

to

meter

the

rate

that

traffic

arrives

at

the

affected

airport;

ensuring

that

demand

is

equal

to

acceptance

rate.

The

length

of

delays

that

result

from

the

implementation

of

a

Ground

Delay Program

is

a

factor

of

two

things;

how

much

greater

than

the

acceptance

rate

the

original

demand

was,

and

for

what

length

of

time

the

original

demand

was

expected

to

exceed

the acceptance rate.

Global Positioning System

Ground

Stop.

Ground

Stops

are

implemented

for

a

number

of

reasons.

The

most

common

reasons are:

?

To

control

air

traffic

volume

to

airports

when

the

projected

traffic

demand

is

expected

to

exceed

the

airport's

acceptance

rate

for

a

short

period

of

time.

FSS

GDP

GPS

GS

?

To

temporarily

stop

traffic

allowing

for

the

implementation

of

a

longer-term

solution, such as a Ground Delay Program.

?

The affected airport's acceptance rate has been reduced to zero.

How it works:

Flights that are destined to the affected airport are held at their departure

point for the duration of the Ground Stop.

IFR

ILS

LAADR

Instrument Flight Rules. A set of rules governing the conduct of flight under

instrument meteorological conditions.

Instrument Landing System. A ground based precision approach system that

provides course and vertical guidance to landing aircraft.

Low Altitude Airway Departure Route.

Land and Hold Short Operation. Operations which include simultaneous takeoffs

and landings and/or simultaneous landings when a landing aircraft is able and

is

instructed

by

the

controller

to

hold-short

of

the

intersecting

runway/taxiway

or designated hold-short point. Pilots are expected to promptly inform the

controller if the hold short clearance cannot be accepted.

Low Ceilings. Low clouds.

Localizer.

The

component

of

an

ILS

that

provides

course

guidance to

the

runway.

Minutes in Trail. A specified interval between aircraft expressed in time.

Miles in Trail. A specified interval between aircraft expressed in nautical

miles.

New York TRACON

National Airspace System. The common network of U.S. airspace; air navigation

facilities, equipment and services, airports or landing areas.

Navigational

Aid.

Any

visual

or

electronic

device,

airborne

or

on

the

surface,

which

provides

point-to-point

guidance

information

or

position

data

to

aircraft

in flight.

Nautical Mile. International unit equal to 6076.115 feet (1852 meters).

Notice to Airmen. A notice containing information (not known sufficiently in

advance to publicize by other means) concerning the establishment, condition,

or change in any component (facility, service, or procedure of, or hazard in

the National Airspace System) the timely knowledge of which is essential to

personnel concerned with flight operations.

National

Route

Plan.

The

NRP

is

a

set

of

rules

and

procedures

which

are

designed

to

increase

the

flexibility

of

user

flight

planning

within

published

guidelines.

Out of service

Released

LAHSO

LO CIGS

LOC

MINIT

MIT

MULTI- TAXI

Many aircraft trying to taxi at once, creating congestion.

N90

NAS

NAVAID

NM

NOTAM

NRP

OTS

RLSD

RRTES

RWY

RY

SPO

Reroutes

Runway

Runway

Strategic Plan of Operation. See SPT.

Strategic

Planning

Team.

The

Strategic

Planning

Team

acts

as

a

focal

point

for

the development of collaborative Strategic Plans of Operation. Their goal is

to provide advanced planning information for system users and air traffic

facilities in order to maximize the utilization of the NAS in an organized and

equitable manner.

Special

Traffic

Management

Program.

Reservation

program

implemented

to

regulate

arrivals

and/or

departures

at

airports

that

are

in

areas

hosting

special

events

such as the Masters Golf Tournament and Indianapolis 500.

Severe Weather

Severe

Weather

Avoidance

Plan.

An

approved

plan

to

minimize

the

affect

of

severe

weather on traffic flows in impacted terminal and/or ARTCC areas. SWAP is

normally implemented to provide the least disruption to the ATC system when

flight through portions of airspace is difficult or impossible due to severe

weather.

Tactical Air Navigation Aid. An ultra-high frequency electronic rho-theta air

navigation

aid

which

provides

suitably

equipped

aircraft

a

continuous

indication

of bearing and distance to the TACAN station.

Traffic

Terminal Radar Control Facility. A terminal ATC facility that uses radar and

nonradar

capabilities

to

provide

approach

control

services

to

aircraft

arriving,

departing, or transiting airspace controlled by the facility.

Traffic Situation Display. A tool used by Traffic Management Specialists to

monitor the position of air traffic and to determine the traffic demand on

airports and sectors.

Thunderstorms

Coordinated

Universal

Time

(abbreviated

as

UTC,

and

therefore

often

spelled

out

as Universal Time Coordinated and sometimes as Universal Coordinated Time) is

the

standard

time

common

to

every

place

in

the

world.

Formerly

and

still

widely

called Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and also World Time, UTC nominally reflects

the mean solar time along the Earth's prime meridian.

Visual Approaches. An approach conducted under Instrument Flight Rules that

authorizes the pilot to proceed visually and clear of clouds to the airport.

Usually this will be used in conjunction with Visual Separation. When using

Visual Separation, a pilot sees the other aircraft involved, and upon

RWY CONFIG

Runway Configuration

SPT

STMP

SVRWX

SWAP

TACAN

TFC

TRACON

TSD

TSTMS

UTC

VAPS

instructions from the controller, provides his own separation by maneuvering

his

aircraft

as

necessary

to

avoid

it.

Visual

Separation

requires

less

spacing

between

aircraft

than

radar

separation

allowing

more

aircraft

to

land

in

a

given

period of time.

Visual

Flight

Rules.

Rules

that

govern

the

procedures

for

conducting

flight

under

visual

conditions.

The

term

is

also

used

in

the

United

States

to

indicate

weather

conditions

that

are

equal

to

or

greater

than

minimum

VFR

requirements.

In addition, it is used by pilots and controllers to indicate type of flight

plan.

Volume. Usually used to indicate that the volume of aircraft exceeds the

airport's capacity.

Very

High

Frequency

Omni

Directional

Range.

A

ground- based

electronic

navigation

aid

transmitting

very

high

frequency

navigation

signals,

360

degrees

in

azimuth,

oriented

from

magnetic

north.

Used

as

the

basis

for

navigation

in

the

National

Airspace System. The VOR periodically identifies itself by Morse Code and may

have

an

additional

voice

identification

feature.

Voice

features

may

be

used

by

ATC or FSS for transmitting instructions/information to pilots.

A navigation aid providing VOR azimuth, TACAN azimuth, and TACAN distance

measuring equipment (DME) at one site.

Visibility.

The

ability,

as

determined

by

atmospheric

conditions

and

expressed

in units of distance, to see and identify prominent unlighted objects by day

and prominent lighted objects by night.

Wind

Weather

Weather Deviation

Zulu

Time.

Another

term

used

to

designate

Coordinated

Universal

Time

(UTC),

the

standard

time

common

to

every

place

in

the

world.

Formerly

and

still

widely

called

Greenwich

Mean

Time

(GMT)

and

also

World

Time,

UTC

nominally

reflects

the

mean

solar time along the Earth's prime meridian.

Albuquerque Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Chicago Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Boston Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Washington Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Dallas-Ft Worth Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Indianapolis Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Jacksonville Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Kansas City Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

VFR

VOL

VOR

VORTAC

VSBY

WND

WX

WX DEV

Z

ZAB

ZAU

ZBW

ZDC

ZFW

ZHU

ZID

ZJX

ZKC

ZLA

ZLC

ZMA

ZME

ZMP

ZNY

ZOA

ZOB

ZSE

ZTL

Los Angeles Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Salt Lake City Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Miami Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Memphis Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Minneapolis Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

New York Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Oakland Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Seattle Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

Atlanta Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

JUMP TO TOP

航贸业务名词解释

提单

BILL OF LADING

提单是指一种用以证明海上运输合同和货物由承运人接管或装船，

以

及承运人据以保证在目的港交付的单证。

SHIPPED OR BOARD

已装船提单

指承运人向托运人签发的货物已经装船的提单。

B/L

收货待运提

RECEIVED FOR

单或待运提

SHIPPING B/L

单

直达提单

DIRECT B/L

联运提单或

THROUGH B/L

称转船提单

多式联运提

MT B/L

单

班轮提单

LINER B/L

指承运人虽已收到货物但尚未装船时签发的提单。