驾龄2015年考研英语一真题、解析和全文翻译(大师兄版).pdf

[B]

journals are strengthening their statistical checks.

[C]

few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.

[D]

lack of data analysis is common in research projects.

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年考研英语一

32.

T

he phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning

to ______.

[A] found

[B] revised

[C] marked

[D] stored

33.

G

iovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may ______.

[A] pose a threat to all its peers

[B] meet with strong opposition

[C] increase

Science

?s circulation

[D] set an example for other journals

34.

D

avid Vaux holds that what Science is doing now ______.

[A] adds to researchers? workload

[B] diminishes the role of reviewers

[C] has room for further improvement

[D] is to fail in the foreseeable future

35.

W

hich of the following is the best title of the text? ______.

[A]

Science

Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers

[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect

[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors? Desks

[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with

Science

Text 4

Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch?s daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so

many

of

our

institutions”.

Integrity

had

collapsed,

she

argued,

because

of

a

collective

acceptance

that

the

only

“sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market. But “it?s us, human beings, we the people who

create the society we want, not profit”.

Driving her point home, she continued: “It?s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral

language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous own goals for capitalism

and

freedom.”

This

same

absence

of

moral

purpose

was

wounding

companies

such

as

News

International,

she

thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.

As the hacking trial concludes

—

finding guilty one ex-editor of the

News of the World

, Andy Coulson, for

conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge

—

the wider

issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people.

This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the

News of the

World

in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.

In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but

the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of

what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories

arrived. The core of her successful defense was that she knew nothing.

In today?s w

orld, it has become normal that well- paid executives should not be accountable for what happens

in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine

has

been

that

the

sorting

mechanism

of

society

should

be

profit.

The

words

that

have

mattered

are

efficiency,

flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation.

Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.

The purpose of editing the

News of the World

was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was

written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks

may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave

no instructions

—

nor received traceable, recorded answers.

36.

According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by ______.

[A]

the consequences of the current sorting mechanism

[B]

companies? financial loss due to immoral practices

[C]

governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues

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年考研英语一

[D]

the wide misuse of integrity among institutions

37.

It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ______.

[A]

Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.

[B]

more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.

[C]

Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.

[D]

phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.

38.

The author believes the Rebekah Brooks

?s defense ______.

[B] centered on trivial issues

[A] revealed a cunning personality

[D] was part of a conspiracy

[C] was hardly convincing

39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows ______.

[B] unfair wealth distribution

[A] generally distorted values

[D] a rigid moral code

[C] a marginalized lifestyle

40.

Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph? ______.

[A]

The quality of writing is of primary importance.

[B]

Common humanity is central to news reporting.

[C]

Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.

[D]

Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.

Part B

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable

one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any

of the gaps. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

How does your reading proceed? Clearly

you

try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying

meanings for

individual

words

and

working

out

relationships

between

them,

drawing

on

your

implicit

knowledge

of

English

grammar. (41) __________. You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance by making decisions about what

kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.

The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension

to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer

information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues. (42)

___________.

Conceived

in

this

way,

comprehension

will

not

follow

exactly

the

same

track

for

each

reader.

What

is

in

question is not the retriev

al of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy,

or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) ___________.

Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (44) ___________. This doesn?t, however

, make

interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places

and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page

—

including for

texts

that

engage

with

fundamental

human

concerns

—

debates

about

texts

can

play

an

important

role

in

social

discussion of beliefs and values.

How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it, (45) _________.

Such dimensions of reading suggest

—

as others introduced later in the book will also do

—

that we bring an implicit

(often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn?t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is

fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and

act

as

useful

reference

points

for

and

counterbalances

to

one

another.

Together,

they

make

up

the

reading

component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.

[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course?

Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to

6

differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.

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年考研英语一

[B]

Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class

will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.

[C]

If

you

are

unfamiliar

with

words

or

idioms,

you

guess

at

their

meanings,

using

clues

presented

in

the

context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as

well as possible links between them.

[D]

In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference

might have had: these might be the ones the author intended.

[E]

You

make

further

inferences,

for

instance

about

how

the

text

may

be

significant

to

you,

or

about

its

validity

—