困难群众(完整版)土木工程毕业论文外文翻译339361

外

文

翻

译

学

生

姓

名

邓

志

望

学

号

专

业

班

级

07

级< /p>

土

木

工

程

03

班

指导教

师

谭

皓

职称

副

教

授

毕业论文成绩

Building construction concrete crack of

prevention and processing

Abstract

The

crack

problem

of

concrete

is

a

widespread

existence

but

again

difficult in solve of engineering actual problem, this text carried on a study

analysis to a little bit familiar crack problem in the concrete engineering,

and

aim

at

concrete

the

circumstance

put

forward

some

prevention,

processing measure.

Keyword:Concrete crack prevention processing

Foreword

Concrete's ising 1 kind is anticipate by the freestone bone, cement, water

and

other

mixture

but

formation

of

the

in

addition

material

of

quality

brittleness

not

and

all

e

the

concrete

construction

transform

with

oneself,

control

etc.

a

series

problem,

model

of

in

the

concrete existence numerous tiny

and a little bit other use function not a

creation

to

after

the

concrete

be

subjected

to

lotus

carry,

difference

in

temperature

etc.

function,

tiny

crack

would

continuously

of

expand

with

connect,

end

formation

we

can

see

without

the

aid

of

instruments

of

macro

view

the

crack

be

also

the

crack

that

the

concrete

often say in the engineering.

Concrete

building

and

Gou

piece

usually

all

take

sewer

to

make

of,

because of crack of existence and development usually make inner part of

reinforcing

bar

etc.

material

creation

decay,

lower

reinforced

concrete

material

of

loading

ability,

durable

and

anti-

Shen

ability,

influence

building

of

external

appearance,

service

life,

severity

will

threat

arrive

people's

life

and

property

safety.A

lot

of

all

of

crash

of

engineerings

is

because

of

the

unsteady

development

of

the

crack

with

the

result

age

science

research

with

a

great

deal

of

of

the

concrete

engineering practice certificate, in the concrete engineering crack problem

is ineluctable, also acceptable in certainly of the scope just need to adopt

valid

of

measure

will

it

endanger

degree

control

at

certain

of

scope

reinforced

concrete

norm

is

also

explicit

provision:Some

structure

at

place

of

dissimilarity

under

the

condition

allow

existence

certain

the

crack

of

at

under

construction

should

as

far

as

possible adopt a valid measure control crack creation, make the structure

don't appear crack possibly or as far as possible decrease crack of amount

and width, particularly want to as far as possible avoid

of the reason be a

lot

of

and

,

the

asymmetry

sink

to

sink

etc.

reason

cause

of

crack;Have

outside carry the crack that the function cause;Protected environment not

appropriate the crack etc. caused with chemical differentiation

to

treat

in

the

actual

engineering,

work°

out

a

problem

according

to

the

actual circumstance.

In the concrete engineering the familiar crack and the prevention

Suo crack and prevention

Stem the Suo crack much appear after the concrete protect be over of a

period of time or concrete sprinkle to build to complete behind of around a

the

cement

syrup

stem

Suo,

and

this

kind

of

constringency

is

can't

Suo

crack

of

the

creation

be

main

is

because

of

concrete

inside

outside

of

influence,

surface

more

big

pull

should

dint

but

creation

relative

.Stem

the

Suo

crack

is

much

surface

parallel

lines

form

or

the

net

shallow

thin

crack,

width

many

between

0.05-0.2

mm,

the

flat

surface

part

much

see

in

the

big

physical

volume

concrete and follow it more in thinner beam plank short to

Suo crack usually the anti- Shen of influence concrete, cause the durable of

the rust eclipse influence concrete of reinforcing bar, under the function of

the

water

pressure

dint

would

creation

the

water

power

split

crack

influence concrete of loading dint etc..Concrete stem the Suo be main with

water ash of the concrete

ratio,

the dosage of the composition, cement of

cement, gather to anticipate of the dosage of the property and dosage, in

addition etc. relevant.

Main

prevention

measure:While

being

to

choose

to

use

the

constringency

quantity

smaller

cement,

general

low

the

adoption,

lower

the

dosage

of

is

a

concrete

of

stem

the

Suo

be

subjected

to

water ash ratio of influence more big, water ash ratio more big, stem Suo

more

big,

so

in

the

concrete

match

the

ratio

the

design

should

as

far

as

possible control good water ash ratio of choose to use, the Chan add in the

meantime accommodation of reduce is strict control concrete

mix

blend

with

under

construction

of

match

ratio,

use

of

concrete

water

quantity

absolute

can't

big

in

match

ratio

design

give

settle

of

use

water

is

the

earlier

period

which

strengthen

concrete

to

protect,

and

appropriate

extension

protect

of

concrete

construction

want to be appropriate extension concrete

to overlay time, and Tu2 Shua

protect

to

is

a

constitution

the

accommodation

is

in

the

concrete structure of the constringency sew.

Su constringency crack and prevention

Su constringency is the concrete is

before condense, surface because of

lose

water

quicker

but

creation

of

Su

constringency

crack is general at dry

the center breadth, both ends be in the centerthin

and

the

length

be

different,

with

each

other

not

coherent

r

crack

general

long

20-30

cm,

the

longer

crack

can

reach

to

a

2-3

m,

breadth

1-5

creation

of

main

reason

is:The

concrete

is

eventually

almost

in

the

capillary

creation

bigger

negative

press

but make a

concrete physical volume sharply

constringency, but at

this

time

the

strength

of

concrete

again

can't

resist

its

constringency,

therefore

creation

influence

concrete

Su

constringency

open

the main factor of crack to

prevention measure:One is choose to use stem

the Suo value smaller

the Huo sour brine is strict the control

water ash ratio, the Chan add to efficiently reduce water to increment the

collapse of concrete fall a degree and with easy, decrease cement and water

of

is

to

sprinkle

before

building

concrete,

water

basic

level

and template even to soak is in time to overlay the perhaps

damp

grass

mat

of

the

plastics

thin

film,

protect

in

the

concrete

is in the

and block breeze facilities, protect in time.

to sink crack and prevention

The

creation

which

sink

to

sink

crack

is

because

of

the

structure

foundation

soil

quality

not

and

evenly,

loose

soft

or

return

to

fill

soil

dishonest or soak in water but result in the asymmetry sink to decline with

the

result

that;Perhaps

because

of

template

just

degree

shortage,

the

template propped up to once be apart from

big

or prop up bottom loose

move etc. to cause, especially at winter, the template prop up at jelly soil up,

jelly the soil turn jelly empress creation asymmetry to sink to decline and

cause concrete structure creation kind crack many is deep enter

or

pierce

through

sex

crack,

it

alignment

development,

bigger

sink

to

sink

crack,

usually

of

wrong,

crack

width

usually

with

sink

to

decline

quantity

direct

proportion

width

under

the

influence

of

temperature variety foundation after transform stability sink

to sink crack also basic tend in stability.

Main

prevention

measure:One

is

rightness

loose

soft

soil,

return

to

fill

soil

foundation

a

construction

at

the

upper

part

structure

front

should

carry

on

necessity

of

Hang

solid

with

is

the

strength

that

assurance template is enough and just degree, and prop up firm, and make

the

foundation

be

subjected

to

dint

is

keep

concrete

from

sprinkle

infusing

the

foundation

in

the

process

is

soak

by

is

time that template tore down to can't be too early, and want to notice to

dismantle a mold order of is at jelly soil top take to establish

template to notice to adopt certain of prevention measure.

ature crack and prevention

Temperature crack much the occurrence is in big surface or difference

in temperature variety of the physical volume concrete compare the earth

area of the concrete te after sprinkling to build, in the

a

creation a great deal of of water turn

the

kgm 3, each sign square the

rice concrete will release a calories of

kJ and make concrete internal thus

the

temperature

rise

to

reach

to

70

℃

or

so

even

inside

outside

of

bigger

difference

in

temperature,

the

bigger

difference

in

temperature

result

in

inner

part

and

exterior

certain

of

pull

should

pull

should

dint

exceed

the

anti-

of

concrete

pull

strength

extreme

limit,

concrete

surface

meeting

creation

crack,

this

kind

of

crack

much

occurrence after the concrete under construction the concrete of

under construction be difference in temperature variety more big, perhaps

is a concrete to be subjected to assault of cold wave etc., will cause concrete

surface

the

temperature

sharply

descend,

but

creation

constringency,

surface constringency of the concrete be subjected to inner part concrete of

control, creation very big of pull should dint but creation crack, this kind

of

crack

usually

just

in

more

shallow

scope

of

the

concrete

surface

creation.

The alignment of the temperature crack usually none settle regulation,

big

area

structure

the

crack

often

maneuver

interleave;The

size

bigger

structure of the beam plank length, the crack run parallel with short side

more;Thorough with pierce through sex of temperature crack general and

short side direction parallelism or close parallelism, crack along long side

cent the segment appear, in the center more width the size

be different, be subjected to temperature variety influence more obvious,

winter compare breadth, summer more concrete temperature

crack that the

cause is usually in the center the thick both ends be thin,

but cold Suo crack of thick thin variety not too emergence of

the

this

kind

crack

will

cause

the

rust

eclipse

of

reinforcing

bar,

the

carbonization of concrete, the anti- jelly which lower concrete

melt,

anti-

tired and anti- Shen ability etc..

Main

prevention

measure:One

is

as

far

as

possible

choose

to

use

low

the 450 kgm 3 is to lower water ash ratio, water ash of the

general

concrete

ratio

control

below

is

improvement

the

bone

anticipate class to go together with, the Chan add powder ash from stove

or efficiently reduce water etc. to come to reduce cement dosage and lower

water

to

turn

improvement

concrete

of

mix

blend

to

process

a

craft,

lower sprinkle of concrete to build is the in addition that

the Chan add a

in the concrete, improvement the concrete mix to match a

thing of mobility, protect water, lower water to turn

is the

sprinkle to

build can the adoption take to establish to

plank etc. assistance measure

control concrete of Wen Sheng, lower to sprinkle temperature of build the

is

the

temperature

of

big

physical

volume

concrete

should

the

dint

relate

to

structure

size,

concrete

structure

size

more

big,

temperature

should

dint

more

big,

so

want

reasonable

arrangement

construction

work

preface,

layering,

cent

the

piece

sprinkle

to

build,

for

the

convenience

of

in

spread

of

the

physical

volume

concrete

cool

off

piping,

cold

water

perhaps

cold

air

cool

off,

let

up

concrete

of

inside

outside difference in is the supervision which strengthen

concrete temperature, adopt to cool off in time, protection measure.11 is to

reserve temperature constringency to sew.12 is to let up to control, sprinkle

proper before building concrete in the Ji rock and old concrete top build a

5 mm or so sand mat a layer or usage asphalt etc. material Tu2 Shua.13 is

to

strengthen

concrete

to

protect,

the

concrete

after

sprinkle

build

use

moist grass Lian in time,

sprinkle water to protect, appropriate extension

protect time, assurance the concrete surface be slow- moving cool the

cold

season,

concrete

surface

should

constitution

measure,

in

order

to

prevent

cold

wave

assault.14

is

the

allocation

be

a

little

amount

in

the

concrete

of

reinforcing

bar

perhaps

add

fiber

material

concrete

of

temperature crack control at certain of scope inside.

and prevention that the chemical reaction cause

Alkali bone's anticipating the crack that reaction crack and reinforcing

bar

rust

eclipse

cause

is

the

most

familiar

in

the

reinforced

concrete

structure of because of chemical reaction but cause of crack.

The

concrete

blend

a

future

reunion

creation

some

alkalescence

ion,

these ion with some activity the bone anticipate creation chemical reaction

and absorb surroundings environment in of water but the physical volume

enlarge,

make

concrete

crisp

loose,

inflation

open

this

kind

of

crack

general

emergence

concrete

structure

usage

period,

once

appear

very difficult remediable, so should at under construction adopt valid the

measure carry on of prevention measure:While being to

choose to anticipate with the alkali activity small freestone is the

in

addition

which

choose

to

use

low

lye

mire

with

low

alkali

or

which

choose to use accommodation with anticipate to repress an alkali bone to

anticipate reaction.

Because

the

concrete

sprinkle

to

build,

flap

Dao

bad

perhaps

is

a

reinforcing bar protection layer thinner, the

rust eclipse, the reinforcing

bar physical volume of the rust eclipse inflation, cause concrete bulge crack,

the crack of this kind type much is a crack lengthways, follow the position

of reinforcing bar y of prevent measure from

the thickness

of the is a concrete class to go together with to want

is

a

concrete

to

sprinkle

to

note

and

flap

Dao

airtight

is

a

reinforcing bar surface layer Tu2 Shua antisepsis coating.

Crack processing

The emergence of the crack not only would influence structure of whole

with

just

degree,

return

will

cause

the

rust

eclipse

of

reinforcing

bar,

acceleration concrete of carbonization, lower durable and anti- of concrete

tired, anti- Shen ore according to the property of crack and

concrete circumstance we want differentiation to treat, in time processing,

with assurance building of safety usage.

The repair measure of the concrete crack is main to

sew method, the

structure

reinforce

a

method,

concrete

displacement

method,

electricity

chemistry protection method and imitate to living from

be applicable to

stability and to structure loading the ability don't

crack daubery cement

syrup, the wreath oxygen gum mire or at concrete surface Tu2 Shua paint,

asphalt

etc.

antisepsis

material,

at

protection

of

in

the

meantime

for

keeping concrete from continue under the influence of various function to

open

crack,

usually

can

adoption

the

surface

in

crack

glue

to

stick

glass

fiber cloth etc. measure.

1, infuse syrup, the Qian sew method