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Comparison and Contrast
比较和对照的写作方法
一．目标、重点和难点
目标：掌握英
语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）
；
重点：熟悉比较和对照写作方法的特点、模式及相关写作语块（词组、结
构及句子）
；
难点：训练学生对作文
主题的思维拓展以及相关语言表达的总结。
二
.
基本
Comparison and
Contrast
的写作方法
1. Definition:
Comparison and contrast come in three
different ways.
1) Comparison: You are
asked to explain how two or more things are alike.
2) Contrast: You are asked to explain
how two or more things are different.
3) Comparison and contrast: You are
asked to explain how two or more things are alike
and different.
2. An Example
Here are two different ways (T-Chart
and Venn Diagram)
to
organize information. As
an example, we
will look at the Smilodon and the Caribou -- two
animals that lived during
the Ice Ages.
1) The T-Chart:
Smilodon
Caribou
Characteristics
environment
diet
weapons
teeth
animal group
when it lived
2)
The Venn Diagram:
the Arctic
meat
teeth, claws
sharp, pointed
mammal
Ice Ages
the Arctic
plants
antlers, hooves
blunt,
rounded
mammal
Ice
Ages/present
1
Questions
：
1)
Compare
: How were the
caribou and the smilodon alike?
The
caribou and the smilodon were
both
mammals. The smilodon
lived in the Arctic
regions during the
Ice Ages,
as did
the
caribou.
Like
the smilodon,
the caribou was able to
protect itself
from predators.)
2)
Contrast
: How were the
smilodon and caribou different?
Although
the caribou and the
smilodon were both mammals, they were very
different
in
many
ways.
The
caribou
was
a
plant-
eater,
unlike
the
smilodon,
which
ate
meat.
The
caribou
had
blunt,
rounded
teeth
for
eating
plants,
whereas
the
smilodon
had
sharp,
pointed ones. The
smilodon became extinct at the end of the Ice
Ages,
in contrast
to the
caribou, which still lives in the
Arctic regions today.
三．使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式
:
1.
块状比较方式（
block method
）
，先
A
后
B
，即
A1, A2, A3...
；
B1
，
B2
，
B3...
。
2.
逐点比较方式（
point-
by-point method
）
，
AB
交错，即
A1
，
< br>B1
；
A2
，
< br>B2
；
A3
，
< br>B3...
。
范文一：
Country Life and City
Life
It
is
really
hard
to
say
which
is
better
than
the
other,
city
life
or
rural
life.
Both
have their merits and
shortcomings.
Living in the
city has a great many advantages. First,
you can enjoy various
kinds
of foods, both foreign and domestic. Second, there
are more cultural activities
in the
city
–
you can go to the
concert, the theatre, the movies or the disco club
after a
day’s hard work.
But
city life has many problems, too.
The
overcrowded population,
traffic jam,
industrial pollution, and the lack of
understanding between people may
result
in disease and unhappiness.
Living in
the country, however,
you can watch the
magnificent sunrise and sunset and
listen to the bird singing in the tree. If you
want,
you can certainly have a huge
garden when a small green space seems a luxury in
the
city. In the country, you don’t
have so mucn worries. You can enjoy the pleasure
of
work by planting seeds in
the earth and watching them grow into flowers and
finally
2
into fruits or food.
But
rural life may not be that perfect.
Things are going so slowly
that sometimes you may feel that you
are absolute left behind in some remote corners
of the world. You may again miss the
parties, friends and movies in the city.
Like
anything
else,
country
life
and
city
life
have
their
advantages
and
disadvantages. The best solution may be
that
you enjoy pleasures of both lives
and
get rid of their inconveniences.
范文二：
Middle
School Life and College Life
There are many differences between
middle school and the college.
First
，
in middle
school
，
we have to listen to what the teacher
says in class, to understand the content
of the text. But in
college
，
we must study by
ourselves before class. If
not
，
we couldn't
follow the teacher.
Second
，
there are
lots of rules in middle school.
For
example
，
we
should
wear the uniform
，
the girls
must have their hair cut
short
，
and we are
not
allowed to make boy- or
girlfriends.
However
，
in
college
，
we have
more freedom. We
can wear the clothes
we like. And the girls could have long beautiful
hair. We are also
free to make boy or
girlfriends.
The
third
，
in the middle
school
，
we must study first.
That means we could do nothing but
study.
In
contrast
，
we have to do
everything by
ourselves
in
college.
That
means
we
must
plan
our
time
carefully.
There
are
also
other
differences
between
our
school
life
and
our
college
life.
We
have
to
learn
to
adapt ourselves to college
life.
四．写作步骤
1.
写前阶段：写作提纲
1)
对两个对象或一个对象的两个
方面进行比较与对照分析，找出相似点
/
不同之处。
如分析
Online shoping or
in-store shopping
（网络购物还是店内购）
Advantages
Disadvantages
Cheated;
Cannot see the items in person;
Expensive;
Time-consuming;
tiring
Convenient;
Online shopping
Cheap;
A lot of selections
Personal, talk;
In-store
shopping
Know the quality;
Good for health
2.
写作阶段：利用相关资料，组织结构与内容
1) Useful words and phrases:
比较：
like, similarly,
likewise, in the same way, in the same manner,
equally, the same
as, alike, similar,
and, as well as, also, too, just as, as do, as
did, as does,both
对照：
by contrast, on the contrary, while,
whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead,
but,
conversely,
different
from,
however,
nevertheless,
otherwise,
whereas,
3
unlike, yet, in contrast, in contrast
to, less, as opposed to
2
）
Useful
expressions
?
Just
like
a
coin
has
two
sides,
everyting
has
its
advantages
and
disadvantages,
and
…
is no
exception.
?
The
advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.
?
The advantages
of A are much greater than those of B.
?
A may be
preferable to B, but A suffers from the
disadvantages that...
?
For all the disadvantages, it has its
compensating advantages.
?
Like anything else, it has its faults.
?
A and B has
several points in common.
?
A bears some resemblances to B.
?
However, the
same is not applicable to B.
?
A and B differ
in several ways.
?
?
?
?
Evidently, it has both negative and
positive effects.
The same is true of
B.
Wondering as A is ,it has its
drawbacks.
It is true that A ... , but
the chief faults (obvious defects )are
...
3
）
Useful Writing
Patterns
（
1
）块状比较框
架：
It is really
hard to say which is better than the
other, A or B.
Both
have
their merits and shortcomings.
A has a great
many advantages. First, …. Second, …. Third, ….
Wondering as A
is
,
it
has
its
drawbacks.
First
of
all,
….
Besides,
….
B
is
quite
different
from
B
in
many ways.
Its positive sides are as follows. Firstly, ….
Sencondly, …. Like anyting else,
B has
its faults, such as….
Evidently, both A and B have their
positive and negative best solution
may be that you enjoy pleasures of the
both and get rid of their inconveniences.
< br>（
2
）逐点比较框架：
Both A and B are very popular in
today’s society. Just like a coin has two sides,
everyting has its advantages and
disadvantages, and A and B are no exception.
There
are
many
differen
ces
between
A
and
B.
In
the
first
place,
A….
On
the
contrary,
B…. In the second place
，
A ….
Unlike A, B…. Last but by no means the least,
A …. By contrast, B….
Both A and B
have their strong points and weak points
respectively. People can
choose which
way to use according to their own likes and
dislikes.
3.
写作后阶段：检查与修改
4
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