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1
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学年论文
题
目
从女性主义角度分析《简爱》
姓
名
廖文清
学
号
1105403017
专业年级
11
级英语
指导教师
杨萍
年
月
日
1
从女性主义角度分析《简爱》
摘
要
《简·爱》
是现实主义时期著名的女
作家夏洛蒂·
勃朗特的代表作品
,
她被
认
为是一位卓越的女作家。
因为她在小说中描述的是与传统不同
的女主人公简·爱
的勇于追求自由、平等和独立精神。它也是作者的自传体小说。通过对
简·爱的
性格进行剖析，证明了简·爱是一个标准的女权主义者。简·爱这个人物形象，
博得读者的爱怜，
在英国文学史上是位具有代表性的人物，
不仅表现在外表的朴
实无华，
而且表现在她
性格上的独特魅力。简·
爱因其性格中所具有的强烈反抗
意识而
特别地引人注目。
她坚持自己的原则去不断反抗不公平的社会。
她用尽全
力去追求自由，平等，独立和真爱。经过坚持不懈的努力她最终获得自尊，自由
和真爱。
关键词
：
女权
,
反叛
,
独立
,
平等
,
真爱
ABSTRACT
Jane Eyre
is the most famous
work of Charlotte Bronte, who is considered as an
extraordinary
woman
novelist.
Because
the
novel
throbs
with
the
heart-
beats
of
its
author,
both
literary
critics
and
the
readers
have
taken
great
interest
in
its
unconventional heroine Jane Eyre, whose
unconventionality is shown in the heroine‘s
pursuit
of
liberty,
equality
and
independence.
It
is
an
autobiographical
novel
in
a
certain
degree.
This
essay
attempts
to
prove
Jane
is
a
real
feminist
through
the
analysis
of
her
personality.
Jane
Eyre
is
a
typical
and
magnificent
representative
in
English
literature,
not
only
for
her
plain
but
famous
appearance
but
also
for
her
character‘s outstanding and alien
thoughts.
The image of Jane Eyre is
brilliant for her
rebellious
character.
She
always
insists
on
her
principle
to
rebel
and
fights
bravely
against
the
unjust
world.
She
still
tries
her
best
to
pursue
freedom,
equality,
2
independence and true love. By
unremitting efforts she finally gets dignity,
freedom
and true love.
KEY WORDS
:
feminist, rebel, independence, equality, true
love
Contents
Introduction
………………………………………………………………………..(9)
Chapter One
The
Development of Jane Eyre‘s Resistance
……………………...
(10)
1.1
Outburst period at Gatesh
ead
…………………………………………...
(10)
1.2 Jane‘s resistance at
Lowood
Institution
………………………………
(11)
1.3 The perfection period at
Thornfield and Moor House
………………….
(13)
Chapter Two
Jane Eyre‘s
Pursuit of Independence and Freedom
……………….
(14)
2.1
Jane begins to
realize the importance
of independence and freedom …
(14)
2.2
Jane
gains
strength
from
her
teacher
and
her
friend
to
achieve
her
independence
………
………………………………………………....
(14)
2.3 Jane develops her independence
fully and learns the pleasure of it
...... (15)
Chapter Three
Jane Eyre‘s Attitude Towards Love
……………………………
(18)
3.1
True love
should be based on equality and mutual
understanding………..
(18)
3.2
The marriage
pursued by women must be based on true love
……........
(19)
Conclusion
……………………………………………………………………….
(23)
Acknowledgements
………………………………………………………………
(24)
Bibliography
………
……………………………………………………………
(25)
3
Introduction
Charlotte Bronte, an English writer, is
a great critical realist in the
19
th
century.
She
writes
lots
of
works
in
her
life.
She
sets
to
work
on
a
new
novel,
Jane
Eyre,
which is published in
August, 1847.
Jane Eyre
is
her masterpiece which is a world
famous
novel.
Jane Eyre
has been
translated into many languages and is always high
in reading popularity. Jane Eyre, a
plain, timid, weak and pale girl who appears to be
a heroine, exists in numerous people‘s
minds. It seems to be a strange phenomenon.
How
can
she
arouse
the
eminent
attention
of
the
readers
throughout
the
world?
Because Jane Eyre
stands for an idealized woman in the
19
th
century. Charlotte
Bronte
aims at awakening women's
consciousness and courage to equal rights and
freedom.
Jane
Eyre
cuts
a
completely
new
woman
image.
She
represents
those
middle-class
working
women
who
are
struggling
for
the
recognition
of
their
basic
rights
and
equality as a human being. Jane strives
with all difficulties to gain women‘s liberation
and to pursue freedom, equality and
true love. T
he analysis of Jane‘s
personalities and
her attitudes toward
love has shown partly Jane‘s love —
a
kind of direct, enthusiastic
and
faithful love. The story of the independent-minded
Jane and her love affair with
Mr.
Rochester
opens
up
new
dimension
for
women.
She
is
a
typical
character
of
awakening bourgeois intellectual women.
The heroine Jane moves most readers as a
kind
and
unique
image
in
spite
of
her
plainness,
poverty
and
low
position.
The
profound
meaning
of
Jane‘s
personalities
makes
this
novel
an
extremely
important
work lists in the history of world
literature as well as in the English
literature.
Chapter One
The
Development of Jane Eyre‘s Resistance
1.1 Outburst
period at Gateshead
4
Jane Eyre seems to be pale, thin and
weak. She is like a piece of dust, nobody
pays attention to her. At any time she
may disappear. She was born an orphan, with an
unfortunate
family
and
long
time
repressive
feeling;
she
builds
up
her
resistant
emotion.
Under
this
background,
everyone
looks
down
upon
her.
Jane
asks
herself
―why
was
I
always
suffering,
always
browbeaten,
always
abused,
for
ever
condemned.‖ (Bronte, 2002:13) Her
reason says
―unjust!
-
unjust!‖ (Bronte,
2002:14) A
first
angry
voice
bursts
out
from
her
deep
heart.
When
John
beats
her
again,
she
attacks
him
viciously.
She
shouts
at
him,
―Wicked
and
cruel
boy!
You
are
like
a
murderer
—
you are like a slave-
driver
—
you are like the
Roman emperors!
2002:7) When Mrs. Reed
tells Mr. Brocklehurst that Jane has a bad
character and a
deceitful
disposition,
she
defends
that
―I
am
not
deceitful:
if
I
were,
I
should
say
I
loved you; but I declare I
do not love you: I dislike you the worst of
anybody in the
world except John Reed;
and this book about the liar,
you may
give it to your girl,
Georgiana, for it
is she who tells lies, and not I.
brave
soldier
who
dares
to
face
up
all
kinds
of
injustice
and
fights
against
them.
Before she leaves
Gateshead, she rebukes her aunt‘s
cruelty,
―How dare I, Mrs.
Reed?
How dare I? Because it is the
truth. You think I have no feelings and that
I can do
without one bit of
love or kindness; but I cannot live so: and you
have no pity. I shall
remember how you
thrust me back
—
roughly and
violently thrust me
back
—
into the
red- room, and locked me up there, to
my dying day; though I was in agony; though I
cried
out,
while
suffocating
with
dist
ress,
?Have
mercy!
Have
mercy,
Aunt
Reed!‘
And
that
punishment
you
made
me
suffer
because
your
wicked
boy
struck
me
—
knocked me
down for nothing. I will tell anybody who asks me
questions, this
exact tale. People
think you a good woman, but you are bad, hard-
hearted. You are
deceitful
!‖
(Bronte, 2002:49) Jane suffers various violent
treatments by her aunt and
cousins; she
tries her best to be a good girl but only results
in failure in Mrs. Reed‘s
eyes.
Jane
resists
and
resists,
but
finally
breaks
out
and
spe
aks
all
her
anger;
Jane‘s
courage frightens Mrs. Reed, for she
knows Jane is right. In those days at Gateshead
Hall,
Jane's
strong,
brave
and
unbending
characteristics
are
expressed
step
by
step.
5
Her every behavior shows
her great indignation. Isolation, poverty,
discrimination and
oppression cause her
to revolt against the unfair society in her own
way. Jane is driven
away
from
and
escapes
from
Reed‘s
house
partly
because
of
fearless
courage.
Jane
fights
not
only
for
just
treatment,
but
also
for
equality.
This
is
the
first
step
of
the
development of Jane Eyre‘s rebellious
character.
1.2
Jane‘s resistance at Lowood Institution
Lowood Institution is a charity school
for poor clergymen‘s daughters. Jane lives
here for eight years. Her rebellious
sprits become mature. In fact it is a hell for
poor
girls.
The
school
is
like
a
prison
dominated
by
cold,
implacable
cruelty
and
Brocklehurst.
Children
here
are
not
supplied
with
enough
food,
clothes
and
good
treatment of disease. Many of them die
of illness. They have no love and sympathy at
all, living in hunger and cold.
Children must pray for God and thank for
oppressors.
Helen, a clever,
intelligent and beautiful girl receives curse and
beat, finally loses her
young life. She
believes in God. She says to Jane, ―I
a
m sure there is a future state; I
believe God is
good;
I can resign my immortal
part to
Him
without any misgiving.
God
is
my
father;
God
is
my
friend:
I
love
Him;
I
believe
He
loves
me.‖
(Bronte,
2002:121)
Just because of
these ideas, Helen hasn‘t a little
rebel against that kind of
cruel
treatment.
However Jane is not like
Helen. She always tries to rebel, though she is
still a
child. She tells Helen: ―A
great deal: you are good to those who are good to
you. It is
all I ever desire to be. If
people were always kind and obedient to those who
are cruel
and unjust, the wicked people
would have it all their own way: they would never
feel
afraid, and so they would never
alter, but would grow worse and worse. When we are
struck
at
without
a
reason,
we
should
strike
back
again
very
hard;
I
am
sure
we
should
—
so hard as
to teach the person who struck us never to do it
again.
2002:82) This rhythmic and
forceful speech embodies the deep bourgeois
oppression
of the lower women and
Jane‘s rebellious spirit. To
achieve
independence as an equal
human, Jane
never yields to fate and background. She does as
she says. Her attitude
6
towards her cousins, her aunt and Mr.
Brocklehurst all proves it.
Another
woman, Miss Temple, is also admired and deeply
loved by Jane. Miss
Temple‘s
learning
stimulates
Jane‘s
longing
for
intelligence
and
Miss
Temple‘s
kindness stirs up her enthusiasm for
ideal life. So when Miss Temple leaves Lowood,
Jane can‘t put up with dullness and
isolation there. She thinks that now she is left
in
her natural element, and begins to
feel the stirring of old emotions. Jane looks
forward
to a new life and a free sky.
No matter what will happen in the future, she will
face it
bravely.
The
rebellious
fury
is
burnt
again.
Then
Jane
makes
an
advertisement
and
gets a governess
profession at Thornfield. In this period, Jane‘s
rebellious spirit is up
to
a
new
standard
and
catches
a
more
profound
meaning.
Her
fighting
is
not
only
against
a person, but against the social convention.
1.3 The perfection period
at Thornfield and Moor House
At
Thornfield, Jane, as a grown-up, changes her
harshness into a refined woman
with
good education, delicacy of feeling and gentleness
of manners. At Thornfield she
gets
along well with everyone. Jane is mild to
everyone. Adele, a girl without talent is
carefully taught by Jane and made safe
and happy. In such a wild world, she forgets
her pain and her misery. Furthermore,
she learns to be tolerant to others‘ shortcomings.
Hearing that Mrs. Reed
is
dying, she
comes back soon
to
Gateshead. Although she
once
has
told
Mrs.
Reed
that
she
never
wants
to
see
her
again,
she
forgets
and
forgives her. Jane‘s delicate feeling
is best revealed when she meets Rochester, who is
hurt. She gives him a hand in a polite
way. In spite of his rude rejec
tion,
she says, ―I
can not think of leaving
you, sir, at so late an hour, in this solitary
lane, till I see you
are fit to mount
your horses.‖
(Bronte, 2002:173)
When
Jane
falls
in
love
with
Rochester,
she
is
awaken
and
still
keeps
her
resistance; she makes
her every effort to rebel against social prejudice
and customs,
struggling for
independence and true love. She dares to say ―no‖
to anyone, including
her master, Mr.
Rochester who is domineering and arrogant. When
she talks with Mr.
Rochester, she
doesn
‘t avoid saying what she thinks
whether Mr. Rochester is happy
7
or not. On the wedding between Jane and
Rochester, Jane is told that Rochester has
married
before.
Bertha
Mason,
a
mad
woman
is
his
wife
who
has
been
living
in
Thornfield. At the bad
news, Jane knows if she lives with him, she will
fall into the
category of mistress and
lose her respect. The dream of freedom, happiness
and the
independence which she was
looking forward to would become fancies. The
strength
of reason is power over
emotion. Jane leaves Thornfield resolutely to meet
unknown
fate in the future. When she
almost starves to death, St. John helps her.
Jane‘s spirit of
revolt is obviously
expressed by her refusal of St. John‘s offer of
marriage .Jane never
changes
her
will
to
follow
St.
J
ohn.
She
thinks,
―If
I
join
St.
John,
I
abandon
half
myself, if I go to India, I go to
premature death‖, ―if I do make the sacrifice he
urges, I
will make it absolutely: I
will throw all on the altar
—heart,
vitals, the entire victim.‖
(Bronte,
2002:642)
Ja
ne
says
to
St.
John,
―I
scorn
your
idea
of
love.‖
(Bronte,
2002:649)
Jane
dares
to
rebel
against
St.
John‘s
offer
because
she
thinks
they
are
equal.
She
has
the
right
to
rebel
against
him.
This
period
is
the
perfection
of
Jane
Eyre‘s
rebellions.
Chapter Two
Jane
Eyre‘s Pursuit of Independence and
Freedom
2.1 Jane begins to
realize the importance of independence and freedom
Independence
is
the
outstanding
quality
throughout
the
whole
process
of
the
novel.
Jane Eyre is
not
pretty
and her character
is
unique. She is
maltreated by her
cousins
and aunt. One day, when Jane takes John‘s book to
read, he beats her once
more. John says
that Jane has no business to take his books; ―You
have no business to
take our books; you
are a dependant, mama says, you have no money;
your father left
you none;
you ought to
beg, and not to
live here with gentlemen‘s children like us,
and
eat
the
same
meals
we
do,
and
wear
clothes
at
our
mama‘s
expense‖.
(Bronte,
2002:7) When she
fights against him severely, she is sent to Red
Room.
In the Red Room, she is
frightened, but she keeps a clear mind that she
realizes
she needs to be saved from her
blind fear of authority and be self-reliant. Her
mind is
in
tumult,
and
all
her
heart
in
insurrection,
her
reason
says
―unjust!
I
never
8
compr
omise to
them. I shall be independent.‖
(Bronte,
2002:14) She hates Gateshead,
hates
everyone
there.
She
hates
Mrs.
Reed
who
is
a
bad,
hard-
hearted
woman.
She
treats her with miserable cruelty.
Gateshead is a shelter for her, which teaches her
a
lot of things. Only when she is
independent, can she be respected by others.
After
all,
she
is
a
little
girl,
it
is
hard
for
her
to
be
economically
independent.
Therefore, she decides to be
independent, self-sufficient in her mind. The
Reeds are
really
mean
to
her
and
she
thinks
they
suck.
Of
course,
the
feeling
is
mutual.
Therefore,
she
is
spared
from
the
Reeds
and
is
sent
to
a
low
budget
orphan
school
called Lowood
Institution.
2.2 Jane gains
strength from her teacher and her friend to
achieve her
independence
At
Lowood Institution, under the hypocritical
Evangelicalism of the headmaster,
Mr.
Brocklehurst,
she
suffers
further
privation
in
the
austere
environment.
The
condition
there
is
disgusting,
but
Jane
doesn‘t
submit
to
it.
She
gains
her
strength
from her teacher
and her fellow students to achieve her
independence
.
Maria Temple,
an
independent
woman,
is
the
headmaster
of
the
Institution.
She
is
a
responsible
teacher,
and
kind
to
the
students,
even
the
low
students.
Consequently,
she
gains
respect
and popularity from the people around her. From
Maria Temple, Jane learns
that
independence is a very important thing for
everyone.
In our modern
society, it seems to be more important to be
independent. Jane
learns the importance
of duty and self-control through the friendship
with Helen. At
the
beginning,
Jane
has
much
sympathy
for
Helen.
Because
Helen
doesn‘t
dare
to
fight against the person who insults
her. When Helen is to be flogged and to be asked
to stand in the middle of a room that
full of people. Jane thinks that Helen should turn
against
others
when
she
is
bullied;
she
should
resist
against
Miss
Scatcherd,
and
dislike Miss Scatcherd. From these we
can see that Jane is not obedient to anyone if
someone bullies her, she will do the
same thing to others. As known to all, it is not
violence that best overcomes hatred,
nor vengeance that most certainly heals injury.
9
And
Jane
learns
these
from
Helen.
Jane
is
deeply
moved
by
Helen‘s
actions
and
words. ―Yet it would be
your duty to bear it, if you could not avoid it:
it is weak and
silly to say
you cannot bear what your fate to be required to
bear‖.
(Bronte, 2002:79)
Then
through
the
friendship
with
Helen,
she
learns
to
be
self-
control
in
a
certain
degree. ―It is far
better to endure patiently a smart which nobody
feel
s but yourself,
than to
commit a hasty action whose evil consequences will
extend to all connected
with you; and
besides, the Bible bids us return good for
evil‖.
(Bronte, 2002:79)
Jane
stays
at
Lowood
for
8
years.
She
attempts
to
do
well
in
all
aspects.
She
makes rapid progress both in study and
work. She becomes stronger than before in her
heart. The idea of breaking out the
conservative puritan life does not occur to her.
She
longs for a new form of life. So
she gets a job by herself.
2.3 Jane develops her independence
fully and learns the pleasure of it
In
order to lead a life of independence, Jane works
as a governess at Thornfield
Hall.
She
is
looks
down
upon
by
the
rich
ladies
of
the
fashionable
society,
but
she
never
despises herself, she never feels herself
inferior. She is satisfied with, and even
proud
of
her
honest,
independent
work.
She
loves
Rochester
who
is
in
a
large
possession of fortune and in a high
social position, but she never thinks of relying
on
these things. Once she immediately
answers Rochester‘s question about what
else she
needs, by saying, ―Your
regard: and if I give mine in return, that debt
will be quit.‖
(Bronte,
2002:424)
This
kind
of
independence
is
irrevocable
out
of
her
pure
soul
which
hasn‘t
been
contaminated
by
the
earthy
care
at
all
and
represented
the
pure
uprightness. When the happiness reaches
the highest point where she is
about to
be
the dreamy person‘s wife, Jane keeps
a clear mind, protecting her independence and
her
personality.
She
refuses
all
the
precious
gifts
that
could
have
been
owned
as
a
fiancee
and
reminded
Rochester
again
and
again
of
the
responsibility
she
should
continue to fulfill as a governess.
As
Rochester‘s
bride,
she
continues
to
be
Adele‘s
governess;
when
Rochester
intends
to
give
her
a
lot
of
jewelry
and
beautiful
clothes,
she
refuses.
Generally,
10