anise-一次性塑料袋
专题限时检测
(
十九
)
阅读理解
B
篇保分练
(
二
)
< br>(
共
4
篇，限时
28
分钟
)
A
(2019·南京、盐城模拟
)That
competition keeps prices down is well known. But
it
is hard to measure by just how much,
because prices vary for all sorts of reasons,
from differences in labour costs and
rents to taxes. Rising to the challenge is a
new paper in The Economic Journal by
Giacomo Calzolari, Andrea Ichino, Francesco
Manaresi and Viki
Nellas
，
economists at the
European University Institute, Bologna
University
and
the
Italian
central
bank.
They
looked
at
pharmacies
(
药
房
)
and
specifically at
customers who may be particularly easy to rip off:
new parents.
Using data for 2007 to
2010 covering about a fifth of pharmacies in
Italy, the
researchers measured the way
in which prices of hygiene products for babies
changed
as
the
number
of
babies
varied.
They
took
advantage
of
a
peculiar
law
from
the
1960s,
according to which regions with at most
7,500 people are allowed just one pharmacy
(supposedly to keep the quality of
services high). They compared prices in places
with populations just below this
threshold, and just above.
The
products
studied
included
some
3,000
varieties
of
shampoos,
bath
foams,
baby
wipes, creams and so on. Many are also
used by adults on themselves. Some people,
for example, prefer suncream labelled
“for children” because of its high level of
protection.
When
raising
prices
for
these
products,
even
a
pharmacist
with
a
monopoly
(
垄断
) must
consider the risk that adult users will switch to
products that are not
aimed
at
children.
But
a
rise
in
the
number
of
babies,
and
hence
buyers
who
are
parents,
could
tip_the_scales_towards price increases. By
contrast, the pharmacist should
already
be charging as much as parents are willing to pay
for products without adult
users, such
as nappies.
The
scholars
found
that
pharmacists
raised
prices
when
there
were
more
new
parents
—
but
only
in
regions
with
a
single
pharmacy,
and
not
for
nappies.
In
monopoly
areas
a
doubling
of
the number of
babies from one month to the next (not
unusual in a small
population) coincided with a 5%
in
crease in the price of the basket of
baby?hygiene
products.
The
study is timely. Italy's government has started to
loosen some of the many
restrictions
that stop competition in the pharmacy sector
(though not yet the one
that the
researchers relied on). But such regulations are
plentiful in many other
- 1
-
lines of business, and
not just in Italy. The consumers who pay the price
are often
those
who
find
it
hardest
to
travel
to
shop
around
—
for
example,
people
with
crying
babies on their hands.
语篇解读：
研究人员发现竞争有利于降低价格。但是在一些人口比较少，只有一家垄断的药
店的地方
，儿童用药价格就比较高，所以文章建议政府放宽医药行业准入门槛，多增加一些
药店，
这样可以减轻新手父母的负担。
1
．
What's the
purpose of the study?
A
．
To review the
function of the special law for pharmacies.
B
．
To
make clear the relation between competition and
prices.
C
．
To
collect the information on pharmacy business in
Italy.
D
．
To gather the
data on hygiene products for babies in Italy.
解析：选
B
细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“That
competition
keeps
prices
down
is
well known. But it is hard to measure by just how
much ...”可知，大家都知道
竞争会导致价格下降，但是很难具体测量竞争到底
影响了多少价格，所以研究的目的是为
了搞清楚竞争和价格之间的关系。
2
．The underlined
phrase“tip the scales”in Paragraph 3 means
“________”．
A
．
push the move
C
．
control the
rise
B
．
keep the
level
D
．
break the
balance
解析：选
A
词义猜测题。根据本文的主题以及常识可知婴儿多了，家长
(
要扩大购买
)
会
推动
价格上涨。画线词意为“推动价格上涨”，
A
项与之表达的意思
一致，故选
A
。
3
．
The
government's new measures will greatly benefit
________.
A
．
pharmacy owners
C
．
new parents
B
．
local merchants
D
．
adult users
解析：选
C
推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，怀抱婴儿的家长不方便到远的地方
去买儿童药
品，
所以在药店比较少的地方容易被欺诈。
放宽一些禁止医药行
业竞争的政策，
同一个地方会有更多的药店，有利于降低药价，所以刚做父母的人会受益
。
B
(2019·南通七市模拟
)We all have
defining moments in our lives
—
meaningful
experiences that stand out in our
memory. Many of them owe a great deal to chance:
a
lucky
encounter
(
相遇
)
with
someone
who
becomes
the
love
of
your
life.
A
new
teacher
who spots a talent you didn't know you
had. These moments seem to be the product of
fate or luck. We can't control them.
But
is
that
true?
Not
necessarily.
Defining
moments
shape
our
lives,
but
we
don't
have to wait for them
to happen. We can be the authors of them. It is
possible to
- 2 -
create defining moments if
we understand more about them. Our research shows
that
they
all
share
a
set
of
common
elements.
We
start
by
asking:
why
do
we
remember
certain
experiences and forget others? In the
case of big days, such as weddings, the answer
is pretty clear
—
it's a celebration that is grand in scale and rich
in emotion.
No surprise that it's more
memorable than a maths lesson. But for other
experiences
in life
—
from holidays to work
projects
—
it's not so clear
why we remember what
we do.
Consider
an
experiment
in
which
participants
were
asked
to
submerge
(
浸入
)
their
hands for 60 seconds
in buckets filled with 14℃ water. (Remember 14℃
water feels
much
colder
than
14℃
air.)
They
were
then
asked
to
submerge
their
hands
for
90
seconds
instead of 60, but
during the final 30 seconds, the water warmed up
to 15℃. The
participants were then
given a choice: would you rather repeat the first
trial or
the second?
Psychologists have explained the
reasons for this puzzling result. When people
assess an experience, they tend to
forget or ignore its length. Instead they seem
to rate the experience based on two key
moments: the best or worst moment, known as
the peak, and the ending.
In
the participants' memories, what stood out for
them was that
the longer trial
ended more comfortably than the shorter
one. So when we assess our experiences, we
don't average our minute?by?minute
feelings. Rather, we tend to remember flagship
moments: the peaks, the pits
(
低谷
) and the transitions.
What we don't remember are
the bits in
between
—
sometimes there is
little to distinguish one week from the
next.
Partly this is because
there may be only a dozen moments in your life
that show
who you are
—
those are big defining
moments. But there are smaller experiences,
too, in the context of a memorable
holiday, romantic date or work achievement. Once
we understand how we remember certain
moments and why, we can start to create more
moments that matter.
语篇解读：本文
主要阐述了人生的关键时刻最容易被记住，对一个人的影响也是最大的。对
于这些关键的
时刻，我们不应被动地等，而是可以积极地去创造的。
4
．
How does the
author understand defining moments?
A
．
We can create
defining moments in our lives.
B
．
Defining
moments are just out of our control.
C
．
No similarities
exist between defining moments.
- 3 -
D
．
Defining
moments consist of smaller experiences.
解析：选
A
推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第四、五句“We
can
be
the
authors
of them. It is
possible to create defining moments if we
understand more about
them.”可知，作者认为决定性的
时刻不必等待，我们自己可以创造这样的时刻。
5
．
We can learn
from the experiment that ________.
A
．
the striking
moments are more likely to be remembered
B
．
the
length of an experience determines our memory of
it
C
．
it is
meaningful to distinguish the pits in between
flagship moments
D
．
all the
components of an experience should be equally
remembered
解析：选
A
细节理解题。根据第五段第三句“Rather, we tend to
remember flagship
moments: the peaks,
the pits (
低谷) and the transitions.”可知，我
们倾向于记住
最重要的时刻：人生巅峰、低谷和转折点。
the
striking moments
与
flagship
moments
含义一致，都是指人生最重要的时刻。
6
．
What would
probably be discussed in the following part of the
text?
A
．
What to prepare
for life's trials.
B
．
Why to create
defining moments.
C
．
Whom to owe our
good fates to.
D
．
How to create
life's big moments.
解析：选
D
推理判断题。最后一段指
出当我们知道了如何记住那些确定的时刻，我们就
可以去创造更多重要的时刻，由此可推
测，接下来就应该要说怎么去创造重要的时刻。
C
(2019·南京模拟
)Like a
lot of
healthcare
professionals, Dr. Brian Goldman finds
it
extremely
difficult
to
draw
boundaries
between
his
work
and
personal
lives.“There's this
view that you should suck it up and do one more
thing，” says
the
ER
physician
and
host
of
CBC's
White
Coat,
Black
Art
.
But
that
“one
more
thing”
often comes at
Goldman's expense.
“You're
exhausted
and
a
patient
or
their
family
look
at
you
with
begging
eyes，”
he says.“So you have
this dilemma: say that your shift is over or give
unt
il you're
totally
spent
？”
Goldman's
work
stress
combined
with
family
tension
after
his
mother
was
diagnosed
with
dementia
20
years
ago.
Caring
for
her
over
a
decade
was
difficult,
as was dealing
with
his
father's
grief.“When someone else is drowning
you,
y
ou
have
to grab a life
preserver and save yourself
，” says
Goldman.
Setting boundaries
isn't just important for busy professionals;
everyone can
benefit
from
managing
situations
that
cause
undue
stress
or
pain.
Here
are
some
tips.
- 4 -