zone是什么意思201612月大学英语四级真题和答案解析第一套

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2016

年

12

月大学英语四级考试真 题

(

第

1

套< /p>

)

Part

Ⅰ

Writing

(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose

you have twooptions upon graduation: one is to find a job somewhere and the other

to

start

abusiness

of

your

own.

You

are

to

make

a

decision.

Write

an

essay

to

explain

the reasonsfor your decision. You should write at least 120 words but no more than

180 words.

Part

Ⅱ

Listening Comprehension

( 25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each

newsreport,

you

will

hear

two

or

three

questions.

Both

the

news

report

and

thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose

the

best

answer

from

the

four

choices

marked

A,

B,

C

and

mark

the

corresponding

letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A. It was dangerous to live in.

B. It was going to be renovated.

C. He could no longer pay the rent.

D. He had sold it to the royal family.

2. A. A strike.

B. A storm.

C. A forest fire.

D. A terrorist attack.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A. They lost contact with the emergency department.

B. They were trapped in an underground elevator.

C. They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.

D. They sent calls for help via a portable radio.

4. A. They tried hard to repair the elevator.

B. They released the details of the accident.

C. They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.

D. They provided the miners with food and water.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A. Raise postage rates.

B. Improve its services.

C. Redesign delivery routes.

D. Close some of its post offices.

6. A. Shortening business hours.

B. Closing offices on holidays.

C. Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.

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D. Computerizing mall sorting processes.

7. A. Many post office staff will lose their jobs.

B. Many people will begin to complain.

C. Taxpayers will be very pleased.

D. A lot of controversy will arise.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of

each conversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the

questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the

best

answer

from

the

four

choicesmarked

A,

B,

C

and

D

. Then

mark

the

corresponding

letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A. He will be kept from promotion.

B. He will go through retraining.

C. He will be given a warning.

D. He will lose part of his pay.

9. A. He is always on time.

B. He is a trustworthy guy.

C. He is an experienced press operator.

D. He is on good terms with his workmates.

10. A. She is a trade union representative.

B. She is in charge of public relations.

C. She is a senior manager of the shop.

D. She is better at handling such matters.

11. A. He is skilled and experienced.

B. He is very close to the manager.

C. He is always trying to stir up trouble.

D. He is always complaining about low wages.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A. Open.

B. Friendly.

C. Selfish.

D. Reserved.

13. A. They stay quiet.

B. They read a book.

C. They talk about the weather.

D. They chat with fellow passengers.

14. A. She was always treated as a foreigner.

B. She was eager to visit an English castle.

C. She was never invited to a colleague's home.

D. She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.

15. A. Houses are much more quiet.

B. Houses provide more privacy.

C. They want to have more space.

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D. They want a garden of their own.

Section C

Directions:

In

this

section,

you

will

hear

three

passages.

At

the

end

of

each

passage,

you will hearthree or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be

spoken only you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from

the

four

choices

markedA,

B,

C

and

D

.

Then

mark

the

corresponding

letter

on

Answer

Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A. They don't have much choice of jobs.

B. They are likely to get much higher pay.

C. They don't have to go through job interviews.

D. They will automatically be given hiring priority.

17. A. Ask their professors for help.

B. Look at school bulletin boards.

C. Visit the school careers service.

D. Go through campus newspapers.

18. A. Helping students find the books and journals they need.

B. Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.

C. Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.

D. Providing students with information about the library.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A. It tastes better.

B. It is easier to grow.

C. It may be sold at a higher price.

D. It can better survive extreme weathers.

20. A. It is healthier than green tea.

B. It can grow in drier soil.

C. It will replace green tea one day.

D. It is immune to various diseases.

21. A. It has been well received by many tea drinkers.

B. It does not bring the promised health benefits.

C. It has made tea farmers' life easier.

D. It does not have a stable market.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A. They need decorations to show their status.

B. They prefer unique objects of high quality.

C. They decorate their homes themselves.

D. They care more about environment.

23. A. They were proud of their creations.

B. They could only try to create at night.

C. They made great contributions to society.

D. They focused on the quality of their products.

24. A. Make wise choices.

B. Identify fake crafts.

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C. Design handicrafts themselves.

D. Learn the importance of creation.

25. A. To boost the local economy.

B. To attract foreign investments.

C. To arouse public interest in crafts.

D. To preserve the traditional culture.

Part

Ⅲ

Reading Comprehension

(40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required

to

select

one

wordfor

each

blank

from

a

list

of

choices

given

in

a

word

bank

following

the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each

choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter

for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not

use any of the words in thebank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

When someone commits a

criminal act, we

always

hope the punishment will match the

when

it

comes

to

one

of

the

cruelest

crimes--animal

fighting--things26

work out that -fighting victims are 27 and killed for profit and

yet

their

criminal

abusers

oftenreceive

a28

sentence

for

causing

a

lifetime

of

pain.

Roughly half of all federally-convicted animalfighters only get probation (

缓刑

).

Some

progress

has

been

made

in

the

prosecution

(

起诉

)

of

animal

fighters.

But

federal

judgesoften

rely

heavily

on

the

U.

S.

Sentencing

GuideLines

when

they29

penalties,

and in the case ofanimal fighting, those guidelines are outdated and extremely30

The

U.S.

Sentencing

Commission,

which31

these

sentencing

guidelines,

is

revisiting

them,proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6 - 12 to 21 - 27 months. This

is

a

step

in

the

right32,

but

we'd

like

to

see

the

U.

S.

Sentencing

Commission

make

further changes to the guidelines.

Along with this effort, we're working with animal advocates and state and federal

lawmakers

to33

anti-cruelty

laws

across

the

country,

as

well

as

supporting

laws

and

policies that assistoverburdened animal 34 that care for animal fighting victims.

This help is 35 importantbecause the high cost of caring for animal victims is a

major

factor

that

prevents

people

from

gettinginvolved

in

cruelty

cases

in

the

first

place.

A. convenient

B. creates

C. critically

D. determine

E. direction

F. hesitate

G. inadequate

H. inspired

I. method

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J. minimal

K. rarely

L. shelters

M. strengthen

N. sufferings

O. tortured

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements

attached

to

it.

Eachstatement

contains

information

given

in

one

of

the

paragraphs.

Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a

paragraph

more

than

paragraph

is

marked

with

a

the

questions

by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

When Work Becomes a Game

A)

What

motivates

employees

to

do

their

jobs

well?

Competition

with

coworkers,

for

some. Thepromise of rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment of problem-solving, for a

lucky few.

B)

Increasingly,

companies

are

tapping

into

these

desires

directly

through

what

has

come

to

be

knownas

:

essentially,

turning

work

into

a

game.

game

designers

do

to

create

a

great

experience

ingames,

and

taking

those

learnings

and applying them to other contexts such as the workplace andeducation,

Kevin Werbach, a gamification expert who teaches at the Wharton School ofBusiness

at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States.

C) It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and

offering prizes to thewinner, or giving employees digital badges or stars for

completing

certain

activities.

It

could

alsomean

training

employees

how

to

do

their

jobs through video game platforms. Companies fromGoogle to L'Oréalto IBM to Wells

Fargo

are

known

to

use

some

degree

of

gamification

in

theirworkplaces.

And

more

and

more

companies

are

joining

them.

A

recent

report

suggests

that

theglobal

gamification market

will grow from $$1.65

billion in 2015 to $$11.1

billion by 2020.

D)

The

concept

of

gamification

is

not

entirely

new,

Werbach

says.

Companies,

marketers

and

teachershave

long

looked

for

fun

ways

to

engage

people's

reward-seeking

or

competitive

spirits.

Cracker

Jackshas

been

its

snack

food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, headds, and the

turn-of-the-century steel magnate (

巨头

) Charles Schwab is said to have often

comeinto his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past

shift on the factoryfloor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the

previous one.

E) But the word

concept only beganin

earnest about five years

ago, Werbach says.

Thanks

in part

to

video

games,

the

generation

nowentering

the

workforce

is

especially

open

to

the

idea

of

having

their

work

gamified.

are

at

apoint

where

in

much

of

the

developed

world

the vast majority of young people grew up playingvideo games, and an increasingly

high percentage of adults play these video games too,

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F) A number of companies have sprung up --GamEffective, Bunchbail and Badgeville,

to

name

a

few--in

recent

years

offering

gamification

platforms

for

businesses.

The

platforms that are most effectiveturn employees' ordinary job tasks into part of

a

rich

adventure

narrative.

makes

a

gamegame-like

is

that

the

player

actually

cares about the outcome,

is

motivating

to

this

group

of

players,

which

requires

some

understandingof

psychology.

G)

Some

people,

Werbach

says,

are

motivated

by

people

often

fall

into

thiscategory.

For

them,

the

right

kind

of

gamification

might

be

turning

their

saies pitches into acompetition with other team members, complete with a digital

leaderboard

showing

who

is

winningat

all

times.

Others

are

more

motivated

by

collaboration

and

social

experiences.

One

companyWerbach

has

studied

uses

gamification

to

create

a

sense

of

community

and

boost

employees'

morale(

士气

).

When

employees

log

in

to

their

computers,

they're

shown

a

picture

of

one

of

theircoworkers

and asked to guess that person's name.

H) Gamification does not have to be digital. Monica Cornetti runs a company that

gamifies employeetrainings. Sometimes this involves technology, but often it does

not.

She

recently

designed

agamification

strategy

for

a

saies

training

company

with

a

storm-chasing

theme.

Employees

formed

chaser

teams

and

competed

in

storm-themed

educational

exercises

to

earn

variousrewards.

do

not

have

to

be

stuff,

Cornetti

says.

can

be

flexible

workinghours.

Another

training,

this

one

for

pay

roll

law,

used

a

Snow

White

and

the

Seven

Dwarfstheme.

White

is available for everyone to use, but the

Cornetti invented sound-alike characters (Grumpy Gus, Dopey Dan) to illustrate

specific pay rolllaw principles.

I)

Some

people

do

not

take

naturaily

to

gamified

work

environments,

Cornetti

herexperience,

people

in

positions

of

power

or

people

in

finance

or

engineering

do

not tend to like thesound of the word.

talking about a ' game' at all,

(

模拟

), I'm talking about ' being able to solvethis problem. '

J)

Gamification

is

not

a

magic

bullet,

Werbach

warns.A

gamification

strategy

that

is

notsufficiently

thought

through

or

well

tailored

to

its

players

may

engage

people

for a little while, but itwill not motivate people in the long term. It can also

be exploitative, especially when used withvulnerable populations. For workers,

especially low-paid workers, who desperately need their jobsyet know they can be

easily

replaced,

gamification

may

feel

more

like

the

Hunger

Games.

Werbachgives

the

example of several Disneyland hotels in Anaheim, Caiifornia, which used large

digital

leaderboards

to

display

how

efficiently

laundry

workers

were

working

compared to one employees found the board motivating. To others, it

was the

opposite

of fun. Some began tostop taking bathroom breaks, worried that

if

their productivity fell they would be fired. Pregnantemployees struggled to keep

up.

In

a

Los

Angeles

Times

article,

one

employee

referred

to

the

boardas

a

whip.

actually

had

a

very

negative

effect

on

morale

and

performance,

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Werbachsays.

K) Still, gamification only stands to become more popular, he says,

more

people

comeinto

the

workforce

who

are

familiar

with

the

structures

and

expressions

of

digitai

games.

arefar

from

reaching

the

peak,

Cornetti

agrees.

36. Some famous companies are already using gamification and more are

trying to

do

the same.

37. Gamification is not a miracle cure for all workplaces as it may have negative

results.

38. To enhance morale, one company asks its employees to identify their fellow

workers when startingtheir computers.

39. The idea of gamification was practiced by some businesses more than a century

ago.

40. There is reason to believe that gamification will be here to stay.

41. Video games contributed in some ways to the wide application of gamification.

42. When turning work into a game, it is necessary to understand what makes games

interesting.

43. Gamification in employee training does not always need technology.

44.

The

most

successful

gamification

platforms

transform

daily

work

assignments

into

fun experiences.

45. It is necessary to use terms other than

Section C

Directions: There are 2

passages in

this

section. Each passage is

followed by some

questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked

A,

B,

C

andD

.

You

should

decide

on

the

best

choice

and

mark

the

corresponding

letter

on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Recently

I

attended

several

meetings

where

we

talked

about

ways

to

retain

students

and keepyounger faculty members from going elsewhere.

It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting- holders whose task it

is

to

or

imagined.

And

in

my

position

as

a

professor

at

three

different colleges, the actualproblems in educating our young people and older

students have deepened, while the number of peoplehired--not to teach but to hold

meetings--has increased significantly. Every new problem creates anew job for an

administrative

fixer.

Take

our

Center

for

Teaching

Excellence.

Contrary

to

its

title,

thecenter

is

a

clearing

house

(

信息交流中心

)

for

using

technology

in

classrooms

and

in

online

's

an

administrative

sham

(

欺诈

)

of

the

kind

that

has

multiplied

over the last 30 years.

I offer a simple proposition in response: Many of our problems--class attendance,

educationalsuccess,

student

happiness

and

well-being--might

be

improved

by

cutting

down

the

bureaucratic

(

官僚的

)

mechanisms

and

meetings

and

instead

hiring

an

army

of good teachers. If we replaced half of ouradministrative staff with classroom

teachers,

we

might

actually

get

a

majority

of

our

classes

back

to

20or

fewer

students

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