8788Literary Terms英美文学中的常用词语

Literary Terms

Age

of

Enlightement/

Age

of

Reason-

(Late

17th

century

to

end

of

the

18th

century

in

Europe

and

America)

purpose was to reform

Definition

Example

A

philosophical

movement

which

dominated

Robinson

Crusoe;

the

world

of

ideas

in

Europe

in

the

18th

Jonathan Swift

century.

The

principal

goals

of

the

Enlightenment were liberty, progress, reason,

tolerance,

fraternity,

empirical

data,

and

the

scientific method.

It was extremely skeptical

of

religion,

as

well

as

religious

and

governmental abuses of power.

A

story,

poem,

or

picture

that

can

be

Pilgrim's Progress

interpreted

to

reveal

a

hidden

meaning,

typically a moral or political one.

The

occurrence

of

the

same

letter

at

the

Kubla

Khan;

Ode

to

beginning

of

adjacent

or

closely

connected

the West Wind

words

The

belief

that

natural

objects,

natural

I

Wandered

Lonely

phenomena,

and

the

universe

itself

possess

As

A

Cloud;

Ode

on

souls.

A Grecian Urn

The

attribution

of

human

form

or

other

Kubla

Khan;

Ode

to

characteristics

to

anything

other

than

a

the West Wind

human being.

A figure of speech in which someone absent

Ode

to

The

West

or dead or something nonhuman is addressed

Wind;

Ode

On

A

as if it were alive and present and was able to

Grecian Urn

reply.

A

saying

which

communicates

a

truth

in

a

Of

Studies;

Of

short,

memorable

manner

(

makes

Marriage

and

Single

waste

Not,

Want

Not

Penny

Life

Saved is a Penny Earned

Iambic pentameter without rhyme

Paradise Lost

Allegory

寓言

Alliteration:

头韵双声

Animism:

万物有灵论

Anthropormorphism:

拟

人 论

Apostrophe

呼语

Aphorism

格言警句

Blank Verse:

Byronic hero

拜伦式英雄

A character who is like the real-life character

She walks in Beauty;

Lord

Byron.

A

man

who

is

proud,

moody,

Jane Eyre

cynical,

defiant,

vengeful,

angry,

and

unstable,

but

capable

of

great

affection

and

Canto

长诗中的篇

Chivalry

骑士制度

love (if only for a short time).

形容人自大

A

division

of

a

long

poem,

typically

found

in

Ode

to

The

West

Italian poetry

Wind

The ideal qualifications of a knight, including

Canterbury Tales

courtesy,

generosity,

valor,

and

dexterity

in

arms.

A

decisive

moment

that

is

of

maximum

Pride

and

Prejudice;

intensity or is a major turning point in a plot.

Jane

Eyre;

Great

Expectations

Climax:

Conceit

An

elaborate

详细说明

figure

of

speech,

The Flea

usually

a

metaphor,

which

two

farfetched

objects or images of very different nature are

compared

The

study

of

the

origin,

fundamental

Paradise Lost

structure,

nature,

and

dynamics

of

the

universe

A

two- line

stanza.

The

two

lines

rhyme

with

Any sonnet

one another.

To

elicit

引出

strong

emotion

with

very

few

The Flea

words.

To

choose

words

with

great

emotional content

When

a

sentence

begins

one

line

of

poetry

Ode

to

the

West

and finishes on the next line of poetry.

Wind

The

use

of

one

form

of

art

to

describe

Ode

on

A

Grecian

another

form

of

art

(for

example,

using

Urn

poetry to describe a Grecian urn).

A long narrative poem

Canterbury

Tales,

Paradise

Lost,

The

Iliad,

The

Odyssey,

Beowulf

Cosmology:

宇宙学

Couplet:

Economy of Language

Enjambment

跨行连续

Ekphrasis

？？！

！

Epic Poem

史诗

Feminine rhyme:

With

feminine

rhyme,

the

syllable

that's

Kubla Khan; When A

doing

the

rhyming

is

the

second-to-last

Man

Hath

No

syllable, and the ends of the

Freedom

The

form

of

any

work

that

deals,

with

Pride and Prejudice

information or events that are imaginary and

theoretical

—

that is, invented by the author

The narrator is speaking about him/herself or

Jane

Eyre;

Robinson

sharing

events

that

he/she

is

experiencing

Crusoe

using “I

The

narrator is a character in the

book.

Combining

the

supernatural

(usually

horror)

Jane Eyre

with

love

(Romanticism)

(

Jane

Eyre,

Wuthering

Heights,

Dracula,

Frankenstein

,

etc.)

Iambic

pentameter

五步抑扬格

verse

that

Any sonnet

rhymes in couplets is known as

from its use in epic poetry in English.

Exaggerated

statements

or claims

not

meant

My Luv's Like a Red,

to be taken literally

Red Rose

A metrical foot with the stress on the second

Most

of

the

poems

syllable.

The rhythm is “da

-

DUM”.

we

have

read

this

semester

Fiction:

First- person narrator :

Gothic:

Heroic couplet:

Hyperbole:

夸张

Iamb:

抑扬格

Iambic pentameter

Five

iambs

per

line

and

each

line

has

ten

Most

of

the

poems

we

have

read

this

Tetrameter

四步

:

syllables.

(5 feet)

semester

Image:

Incantation

咒语

Irony:

Liminality:

Particular

words

that

create

a

visual

Every

work we

have

representation of

an ideas in our minds.

studied

The chanting or uttering of words purporting

Ode

to

The

West

to have magical power.

Wind

A

state

of

affairs

or

an

event

that

seems

Pride and Prejudice

deliberately contrary to what one expects

A

threshold

experience.

Standing

on

the

Robinson Crusoe

border between two places.

A door frame is

an example of a threshold.

A

comparison

of

two

persons,

ideas,

places,

Kubla Khan

or

things

without

using

the

words

“like”

or

“as”

Poetry

which

deals

with

abstract

or

The Flea

philosophical

subjects

such

as

love,

religion,

God, beauty, faith.

The

fundamental

notions

by

which

people

Ode

on

a

Grecian

understand the world. (

Urn

do

we

exist?

do

we

come

from?

The meter of a poem is its rhythmical pattern.

Any poem

This pattern is determined by the number and

types of stresses, or beats, in eac

A grouping of two syllables in a poem.

Every poem we have

studied

Metaphor:

象征

Metaphysical poetry:

形而上学，抽象

Metaphysical:

Meter:

Metrical foot:

Mood:

Motif:

主题

Atmosphere

which

creates

an

emotional

Every

work we

have

setting enveloping the reader

studied

A

recurring

复发

structure,

contrast,

and

Pride and Prejudice

literary

device

that

can

help

to

develop

and

inform the text’s major themes.

A poem that tells a story

Canterbury

Tales,

Paradise Lost

Narrative Poem:

Narrator:

A person who narrates something, especially

Any

work

of

fiction;

a

character

who

recounts

the

events

of

a

Pride

and

Prejudice,

novel or narrative poem.

Great

Expectations,

etc.

A system of law that is determined by nature,

Gulliver's Travels

and

so

is

universal.

Classically,

natural

law

refers to the use of reason to make laws.

Natural law:

Natural supernaturalism:

The

supernatural

found

in

the

natural

world

Kubla

Khan;

Ode

to

manifests

in

the

common

and

everyday

the West Wind

course of things.