蝉联冠军-majun
2015
年
6
月四级第
一套
Part II
Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. A)
He is pleased to sit on the committee.
B) He is willing to offer
the woman a hand.
C) He will tell the
woman his decision later.
D) He would
like to become a club member.
2. A)
Their planned trip to V
ancouver is
obviously overpriced.
B) They should borrow a guide book
instead of buying one.
C) The guide books in the library have
the latest information.
D) The library can help order guide
books about Vancouver.
3. A) He regrets
having taken the history course.
B) He finds little interest in the
history books.
C) He has trouble finishing his reading
assignments.
D)
He has difficulty writing the weekly book report.
4. A) The man had better choose another
restaurant.
B) The new restaurant is a
perfect place for dating.
C) The new
restaurant caught her fancy immediately.
D) The man has good taste in choosing
the restaurant.
5. A) He has been
looking forward to spring.
B) He has been waiting for the winter
sale.
C) He
wi
ll clean the woman’
s boots
for spring. D) He will help the woman put things
away.
6. A) At a tailor’
s
B) At Bob’s
home.
C) In a clothes store.
D) In a theatre.
7. A) His
guests favor Tibetan drinks.
B) His water is quite
extraordinary.
C) Mineral water is good for health.
D) Plain water
will serve the purpose.
8. A) Report
the result of a discussion.
B) Raise some environmental
issues.
C)
Submit an important document.
D) Revise an environmental
report.
Questions 9 to 12
are based on the conversation you have just
heard.
9. A) They pollute
the soil used to cover them.
B) They
are harmful to nearby neighborhoods.
C) The rubbish in them
takes long to dissolve.
D) The gas they
emit is extremely poisonous.
10. A)
Growing population.
B) Packaging
materials.
C) Changed eating habits.
D)
Lower production cost.
11. A) By saving
energy.
B) By using less aluminum.
C)
By reducing poisonous wastes.
D) By making the most of
materials.
12.A) We are running out of
natural resources soon.
B) Only combined efforts
can make a difference.
C) The waste problem will
eventually hurt all of us.
D) All of us can actually
benefit from recycling.
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
13. A) Miami.
B) Vancouver.
C) Bellingham.
D) Boston.
14. A) To get
information on one-way tickets to Canada.
B)
To inquire about the price of “Super Saver”
seats.
C) To get advice on how to
fly as cheaply as possible.
1
D) To inquire about the shortest route
to drive home.
15. A) Join a tourist
group.
B) Choose a major airline.
C)
Avoid trips in public holidays.
D) Book tickets as early as
possible.
Section
B
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
16. A) There are mysterious stories
behind his works.
B) There are many
misunderstandings about him.
C) His works
have no match worldwide.
D) His personal history is
little known.
17. A) He moved to
Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.
B) He failed to
go beyond grammar school.
C) He was a member of the
town council.
D) He once worked in a well-known
acting company.
18. A) Writers of his
time had no means to protect their works.
B)
Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a
fire.
C) His works were adapted beyond
recognition.
D) People of his time had little
interest in him.
Passage
Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
19. A) It shows you have been ignoring
you health.
B) It can seriously affect your
thinking process.
C) It is an early warning
of some illness.
D) It is a symptom of too
much pressure.
20. A) Reduce our
workload.
B) Control our temper.
C)
Use painkillers for relief.
D) Avoid
masking symptoms.
21. A) Lying down and
having some sleep.
B)
Rubbing and pressing one’s back.
C)
Going out for a walk.
D) Listening to
light music.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
22. A) Depending heavily on loans.
B) Having no
budget plans at all.
C) Spending beyond one’s
means.
D) Leaving no room for large bills.
23. A) Many of them can be cut.
B) Alt of them have to be covered.
C)
Their payment cannot be delayed.
D) The eat up most of the family
income.
24. A) Rent a house instead of
buying one.
B) Discuss the
problem in the family.
C) Make a conservation
plan.
D) Move to a cheaper place.
25. A) Financial issues plaguing a
family.
B) Difficulty in
making both ends meet.
C) Family budget problems
and solutions.
D) New ways to boost
family income.
Section C
Perhaps because
going to college is so much a part of the American
dream, many people go
2
for
no(26)_____reason.
Some
go
because
their
parents
expect
it,
others
because
it
’
s
what
their
friends are doing. Then,
there
’
s the belief that a
college degree will(27)____ensure a good job and
high pay.
Some students (28)____
through for years ,attending classes, or
skipping(
逃课
) them as the
case
may
be,
reading
only
what
can
’
t
be
avoided,
looking
for
less(29)_____courses,
and
never
being touched or
changed in any important way. For a few of these
people, college provides no
(30)____,
yet because of parental or peer pressure, they
cannot voluntarily leave. They stop trying
in the hope that their teachers will
make the decision for them by (31)____ them.
To put it blunt
ly(
直截了当地
)
，
unless you
’
re willing to
make your college years count, you
might
be
(32)_____
doing
something
else.
Not
everyone
should
attend
college,
nor
should
everyone who does
attend begin right after high school. Many college
students (33)_____ taking a
year or so
off. A year out in the world helps some people to
(34)_____their priorities and goals. If
you
’
re really
going to get something out of going to college,
you have to make it mean something,
and
to do that
you
must have
some idea why
you
’
re there,
what
you hope to get out of it, and
(35)_____even what you hope to become.
Part III
Reading Comprehension
Section A
Questions 36 to 45
are based on the following passage.
It’s our guilty pleasure: Watching TV
is the most common eve
ryday activity,
after work and
sleep, in many parts of
the world. Americans view five hours of TV each
day, and while we know
that
spending
so
much
time
sitting
36
can
lead
to
obesity
(
肥胖症
)
and
other
diseases,
researchers have
now quantified just how
37
being a couch potato can be.
In
an
analysis
of
data
from
eight
large
38
published
studies,
a
Harvard-led
group
reported
in
the
Journal
of
the
American
Medical
Association
that
for
every
two
hours
per
day
spent channel
39
, the risk of developing Type 2
diabetes
(
糖尿病
) rose 20%
over 8.5 years,
the risk of heart
disease increased 15% over a
40
,
and the odds of dying prematurely
41
13% during a seven-year follow-up. All
of these
42
are linked to a
lack of physical exercise.
But
compared
with
other
sedentary
(
久坐的
)
activities,
like
knitting,
viewing
TV
may
be
especially
43
at
promoting
unhealthy
habits.
For
one,
the
sheer
number
of
hours
we
pass
watching
TV
dwarfs
the
time
we
spend
on
anything
else.
And
other
studies
have
found
that
watching ads for beer and popcorn may
make you more likely to
44
them.
Even
so,
the
authors
admit
that
they
didn’t
compare
different
sedentary
activities
to
45
whether
TV
watching
was
linked
to
a
greater
risk
of
diabetes,
heart
disease
or
early
death
compared with, say,
reading.
A) climbed
B) consume
C) decade
D) determine
E)
effective
Section B
Essay-Grading
Software Offers Professors a Break
[A]
Imagine taking a college exam, and, instead of
handing in a blue book and getting a grade
3
F)
harmful
G) outcomes
H)
passively
I) previously
J) resume
K) suffered
L)
surfing
M) term
N) terminals
O) twisting
from
a
professor
a
few
weeks
later,
clicking
the
“send”
button
when
you
are
clone
and
receiving a grade back instantly, your
essay scored by a software program. And then,
instead
of being clone with that exam,
imagine that the system would immediately let you
rewrite the
test to try to improve your
grade.
[B]
EdX,
the
nonprofit
enterprise
founded
by
Harvard
and
the
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology (MIT) to offer courses on
the Internet, has just introduced such a system
and will
make its
automated
(
自动的
) software
available free on the Web to any institution that
wants
to
use
it.
The
software
uses
artificial
intelligence
to
grade
student
essays
and
short
written
answers, fleeing
professors for other tasks.
[C] The new
service will bring the educational
consortium
(
联盟
) into a
growing conflict over the
role of
automation in education. Although automated
grading systems for multiple-choice and
true-false tests are now widespread,
the use of artificial intelligence technology to
grade essay
answers has not yet
received widespread acceptance by educators and
has many critics.
[D]
Anant
Agarwal,
an
electrical
engineer
who
is
president
of
EdX,
predicted
that
the
instant-
grading
software
would
be
a
useful
teaching
tool,
enabling
students
to
take
tests
and
write
essays over and over and improve the
quality of their answers. He said the technology
would
offer distinct advantages over
the traditional classroom system, where students
often wait days
or weeks for grades.
“There is a huge value in learning with instant
feedback,” Dr. Agarwal
said.
“Students are telling us they learn much better
with instant feedback.”
[E]
But
skeptics
(
怀疑者
) say the automated
system is no match for live teachers. One longtime
critic, Les Perelman, has drawn
national attention several times for putting
together nonsense
essays that have
fooled software grading programs into giving high
marks. He has also been
highly critical
of studies claiming that the software compares
well to human graders.
[F] He is among
a group of educators who last month began
circulating
a petition
(
呼吁
) opposing
automated assessment software. The
group, which calls itself Professionals Against
Machine
Scoring of Student Essays in
High-Stakes Assessment, has collected nearly 2,000
signatures,
including some from famous
people like Noam Chomsky.
[G]
“Let’s
face
the
realities
of
automatic
essay
scoring,”
the
group’s
statement
reads
in
p
art.
“Computers
cannot
‘read.’
They
cannot
measure
the
essentials
of
effective
written
communication:
accuracy,
reasoning,
adequacy
of
evidence,
good
sense,
ethical
(
伦理的
)
position, convincing
argument, meaningful organization, and
clarity, among others.”
[H]
But EdX expects its software to be adopted widely
by schools and universities. It offers free
online classes from Harvard, MIT and
the University of California-Berkeley; this fall,
it will
add
classes
from
Wellesley,
Georgetown and
the
University
of
Texas.
In
all,
12
universities
participate in
EdX, which offers certificates for course
completion and has said that it plans to
continue to expand next year, including
adding international schools.
[I] The
EdX assessment tool requires human teachers, or
graders, to first grade 100 essays or essay
questions. The system then uses a
variety of machine-learning techniques to train
itself to be
able
to
grade
any
number
of
essays
or
answers
automatically
and
almost
instantly.
The
software will assign a grade depending
on the scoring system created by the teacher,
whether it
is a letter grade or
numerical
(
数字的
) rank.
[J]
EdX
is
not
the
first
to
use
the
automated
assessment
technology,
which
dates
to
early
computers in the
1960s. There is now a range of companies offering
commercial programs to
grade written
test answers, and four
states
—
Louisiana, North
Dakota, Utah and West Virginia
4
—
are
using
some
form
of
the
technology
in
secondary
schools.
A
fifth,
Indiana,
has
experimented
with it.
In some cases the software is used as a
“second reader,” to check the
reliability of the human graders.
[K]
But
the
growing
influence
of
the
EdX
consortium
to
set
standards
is
likely
to
give
the
technology a boost. On
Tuesday, Stanford announced that it would work
with EdX to develop
a joint educational
system that will make use of the automated
assessment technology.
[L] Two start-
ups, Coursera and Udacity, recently founded by
Stanford faculty members to create
“massive
open
online
courses,”
or
MOOCs,
are
also
committed
to
automated
assessment
systems
because
of
the
value
of
instant
feedback.
“It
allows
students
to
get
immediate
feedback on their work, so that
learning turns into a game, with students
naturally
gravitating
(
吸引
)
to
ward resubmitting the work until they
get it right,” said Daphne Koller, a computer
scientist and a founder of Coursera.
[M]Last
year
the
Hewlett
Foundation,
a
grant-making
organization
set
up
by
one
of
the
Hewlett-
Packard
founders
and
his
wife,
sponsored
two
$$100,000
prizes
aimed
at
improving
software that
grades essays and short answers. More than 150
teams entered each category. A
winner
of
one
of
the
Hewlett
contests,
Vik
Paruchuri,
was
hired
by
EdX
to
help
design
its
assessment software.
[N]
“One
of
our
focuses
is
to
help
kids
learn
how
to
think
critically,”
said
Victor
Vuchic,
a
program
officer
at
the
Hewlett
Foundation.
“It’s
probably
impossible
to
do
that
with
multiple-choice tests. The challenge is
that this requires human graders, and so they cost
a lot
more and they
take a
lot more time.”
[O]
Mark
D.
Shermis,
a
professor
at
the
University
of
Akron
in
Ohio,
supervised
the
Hewlett
Foundation’s contest
on automated essay scoring and wrote a paper about
the experiment. I
n
his view,
the technology
—
though
imperfect
—
has a place in
educational settings.
[P] With
increasingly large classes, it is impossible for
most teachers to give students meaningful
feedback on writing assignments, he
said. Plus, he noted, critics of the technology
have tended
to come from the nation’s
best universities, where the level of teaching is
much better than at
most
schools.
[Q] “Often they come from very
famous institutions where, in fact, they do a much
better job of
providing
feedback than a mac
hine ever could,”
Dr. Shermis said. “There seems to be a lack
of
appreciation of what is
actually going on in the real world.”
46.
Some
professionals
in
education
are
collecting
signatures
to
voice
their
opposition
to
automated essay grading.
47.
Using sof
tware to grade students’
essays saves teachers time for other
work.
48. The Hewlett
contests aim at improving essay grading software.
49.
Though
the
automated
grading
System
is
widely
used
in
multiple-
choice
tests,
automated
essay grading is still criticized by
many educators.
50.
Some
people
don’t
believe
the
software
grading
system
can
do
as
good
a
job
as
human
graders.
51.
Critics
of
automated
essay
scoring
do
not
seem
to
know
the
true
realities
in
less
famous
universities.
52.
Critics
argue
many
important
aspects
of
effective
writing
cannot
be
measured
by
computer
rating programs.
53. As class size grows, most teachers
are unable to give students valuable comments as
to how to
5
improve their writing.
54.
The automated assessment technology is sometimes
used to double check the work of human
graders.
Section
C
Passage One
Questions 56
to 60 are based on the following passage.
Some of the world’s most significant
problems never hit headlines. One example comes
from
agriculture. Food riots
and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind
these matters is rarely
talked about.
This is the decline in the growth in yields of
some of the world’s major crops. A new
study by the University of Minnesota
and McGill University in Montreal looks at where,
and how
far, this decline is occurring.
The authors take a vast number of data
points for the four most important crops: rice,
wheat,
corn and
soyabeans
(
大豆
). They find that on
between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the
improvement in yields that took place
before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and
2000s.
There are two worrying features
of the slowdown. One is that it has been
particularly sharp in
the
world
’
s most
populous
(
人口多的
) countries, India and
China. Their ability to feed themselves
has
been
an
important
source
of
relative
stability
both
within
the
countries
and
on
world
food
markets.
That
self-sufficiency
cannot
be
taken
for
granted
if
yields
continue
to
slow
down
or
reverse.
Second, yield growth has been lower in
wheat and rice than in corn and soyabeans. This is
problematic because wheat and rice are
more important as foods, accounting for around
half of all
calories consumed. Com and
soyabeans are more important as feed grains. The
authors note that
“we have
preferentially focused our crop improvement
efforts on feeding animals and cars
rather
than on crops that
feed people and are the basis of food security in
much of the world.”
The
report qualifies the more optimistic findings of
another new paper which suggests that
the world will not have to dig up a lot
more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion
people in
2050, as the Food and
Agriculture Organisation has argued.
Instead, it says, thanks to slowing
population growth, land currently ploughed up for
crops
might be able to
revert
(
回返
) to forest or
wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that
the
forecast assumes continued
improvements in yields, which may not actually
happen.
56. What does the author try to
draw attention to?
A) Food riots and
hunger in the world.
B) News headlines in the leading media.
C) The decline of the grain yield
growth.
D) The food supply in
populous countries.
57. Why does the
author mention India and China in particular?
A) Their self-sufficiency is vital to
the stability of world food markets.
B)
Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply
in recent years.
C) Their big
populations are causing worldwide concerns.
D) Their food self-sufficiency has been
taken for granted.
58. What does the
new study by the two universities say about recent
crop improvement efforts?
A) They fail
to produce the same remarkable results as before
the 1980s.
B) They contribute a lot to
the improvement of human food production.
C) They play a major role in
guaranteeing the food security of the world.
D) They focus more on the increase of
animal feed than human food grains.
6
59.
What
does
the
Food
and
Agriculture
Organisation
say
about
world
food
production
in
the
coming decades?
A) The
growing population will greatly increase the
pressure on world food supplies.
B) The
optimistic prediction about food production should
be viewed with caution.
C) The slowdown
of the growth in yields of major food crops will
be reversed.
D) The world will be able
to feed its population without increasing
farmland.
60. How does the author view
the argument of the Food and Agriculture
Organisation?
A) It is built on the
findings of a new study.
B) It is based
on a doubtful assumption.
C) It is
backed by strong evidence.
D) It is
open to further discussion.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to
65 are based on the following passage.
The
endless
debate
about
“work
-
life
balance”
often
contains
a
hopeful
footnote
about
stay-at-home dads. If
American society and business won’t
make it easier on future female leaders
who
choose
to
have
children,
there
is
still
the
ray
of
hope
that
increasing
numbers
of
full-time
fathers
will. But based on
today’s socioeconomic trends, this hope is,
unfortunately, misguided.
It’s true that the number of men who
have left work to do their thing as
full
-time parents has
do
ubled in a decade, but
it’s still very small: only 0.8% of married
couples where the stay
-at-home
father was out of the labor force for a
year. Even that percentage is likely inflated by
men thrust
into their caretaker role by
a downsizing. This is simply not a large enough
group to reduce the
social
stigma
(
污名
)
and
force
other
adjustments
necessary
to
supporting
men
in
this
decision,
even if only for a relatively short
time.
Even shorter times away from work
for working fathers are already difficult. A study
found
that 85% of new fathers take some
time off after the birth of a child
—but
for all but a few, it’s a
week or two at most. Meanwhile, the
average for women who take leave is more than 10
weeks.
Such choices impact who moves up
in the organization. While you’re away, someone
else is
doing your work,
mak
ing your sales, taking care of your
customers. That can’t help you at work.
It
can only hurt you. Women,
of course, face the same issues of returning after
a long absence. But
with
many
more
women
than
men
choosing
to
leave
the
workforce
entirely
to
raise
families,
returning from an
extended parental leave doesn’t raise as many
eyebrows as it does for men.
Women would make more if they
didn
’
t break their earning
trajectory
(
轨迹
) by leaving the
workforce, or if higher-paying
professions were more
family-friendly.
In
the foreseeable future,
stay-at-
home fathers may
make all the difference for individual families,
but their presence won’t
reduce the numbers of high-potential
women who are forced to choose between family and
career.
61. What gives women a ray of
hope to achieve work-life balance?
A)
More men taking an extended parental leave.
B) People’s changing attitudes towards
family.
C) More women
entering business management.
D) The
improvement of their socioeconomic status.
62. Why does the author say the hope
for more full-time fathers is misguided?
A) Women are better at taking care of
children.
B) Many men value work more
than their family.
7
C) Their number is too small to make a
difference.
D) Not many men have the
chance to stay at home.
63. Why do few
men take a long parental leave?
A) A
long leave will have a negative impact on their
career.
B) They just have too many
responsibilities to fulfill at work.
C)
The economic loss will be too much for their
family to bear.
D) They are likely to
get fired if absent from work for too long.
64. What is the most likely reaction to
men returning from an extended parental leave?
A) Jealousy.
B)
Surprise.
C) Admiration.
D) Sympathy.
65. What does
the author say about high-potential women in the
not-too-distant future?
A) They will
benefit from the trend of more fathers staying at
home.
B) They will find high-paying
professions a bit more family-friendly.
C) They are unlikely to break their
career trajectory to raise a family.
D)
They will still face the difficult choice between
career and children.
Part
IV
Translation (30 minutes)
据报道，今年中国快递服务
(courier service
)
将递送大约
120
亿包裹。这将使中
国有可能
超越美国成为世界上最大的快递市场。
大多数包裹里装
着网上订购的物品。
中国给数百万在
线零售商以极具竞争力的价
格销售商品的机会。
仅在
11
月
11
日，
中国消费者就从国内最大
的购物平台购买了价值
90
亿美元的商品。中国有
不少这样的特殊购物日。因此，快递业在
中国扩展就不足为奇了。
8
2015
年
6
月四级第二套
Part II
Listening
Comprehension
Section A
1.
A) The woman should go on
playing chess.
B) He is willing to play
chess with the woman.
C) The woman has
good reason to quit the game.
D) He
will give the woman some tips on the game.
2.
A) She would
like to resume contact with Sally.
B)
The man can forward the mail to Mary.
C) She can call Mary to take care of
the mail.
D) Mary probably knows
Sally’s new address.
3.
A)
He did not
attend today’s class.
B)
His notes are not easy to read.
C) His
handwriting has a unique style.
D)
He is very pleased to be able to help.
4.
A) The new
restaurant is a perfect place for dating.
B) The new restaurant caught her fancy
immediately.
C) The man has good taste
in choosing the restaurant.
D) The man
had better choose another restaurant.
5.
A) He will
help the woman put things away.
B) He
has been waiting for the winter sale.
C) He has been looking forward to
spring.
D) He will clean the woman’s
boots
.
6.
A) The woman often works overtime at
weekends.
B) The man often lends books
to the woman.
C) The man appreciates
the woman’s help.
D) The
woman is rather forgetful.
7.
A) Take a sightseeing trip.
B) Go to work
on foot.
C) Start work earlier than
usual.
D) Take a walk
when the weather is nice.
8.
A) Temporary
closing has disturbed the airport’s
operation.
B) The plane is
going to land at another airport.
C)
All flights have been delayed due to bad weather.
D) The airport’s management is
in real need of improvement.
Questions 9 to 12 are based
oh the conversation you have just heard.
9.
A) It
specializes in safety from leaks.
B) It is
headquartered in London.
C) It has a
chemical processing plant.
D)
It has a partnership with LCP.
10.
A) He is a safety inspector.
B
)
He is Mr. Grand’s friend.
C)
He is a chemist.
D)
He is a salesman.
11.
A)
The public relations officer.
B)
Head of the personnel department.
C) Mr. Grand’s personal
as
sistant.
D)
Director of the safety department.
12.
A) Send a comprehensive description of
their work.
B) Provide details of their
products and services.
C) Leave a
message for Mr. Grand.
D) Wait for Mr.
Grand to call back.
9
Questions 13 to 15 are
based on the conversation you have just heard.
13.
A) She listened to
recordings of many European orchestras.
B) She read a lot about European
musicians and their music.
C) She
dreamed of working and living in a European
country.
D) She learned playing the
violin from a famous French musician.
14.
A) She was a pupil of a
famous European violinist.
B) She gave
her first performance with her father.
C) She became a professional violinist
at fifteen.
D) She began taking violin
lessons as a small child.
15.
A) It was the chance of a lifetime.
B) It was a great challenge to her.
C) It gave her a chance to explore the
city.
D) It helped her learn classical
French music.
Section B
Passage One
Questions 16 to
18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.
A) There are mysterious
stories behind his works.
B) His
personal history is little known.
C)
His works have no match worldwide.
D)
There are many misunderstandings about him.
17.
A) He once worked in a
well-known acting company.
B) He moved
to Stratfor
d-
on
-<
/p>
Avon in his childhood.
C) He
failed to go beyond grammar school.
D)
He was a member of the town council.
18.
A) People of his time
had little interest in him.
B) His
works were adapted beyond recognition.
C) Possible sources of clues about him
were lost in a fire.
D) Writers of his
time had no means to protect their works.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
19.
A) Theft.
B)
Air crash.
C)
Cheating.
D) Road accidents.
20.
A) Learn the local
customs.
B) Have the right documents.
C) Book tickets well in advance.
D) Make hotel reservations.
21.
A) Contact your agent.
B)
Use official transport.
C)
Get a lift if possible.
D)
Have a friend meet you.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
22.
A) Cut down production cost.
B) Refine the taste of his
goods.
C) Sell inexpensive products.
D) Specialize in gold ornaments.
23.
A) At a meeting of top
British businesspeople.
B) During a
local sales promotion campaign.
10
C) During a live television
interview.
D) At a national press
conference.
24.
A)
Discouraged.
B) Distressed.
C) Puzzled.
D)
Insulted.
25.
A) He is not
laughed at, that laughs at himself first.
B) There should be a limit to one’s
sense of humor.
C) He who
never learns from the past is bound to fail.
D) The words of some businesspeople are
just rubbish.
Section C
Looking
at
the
basic
biological
systems,
the
world
is
not
doing
very
well.
Yet
economic
indicators show the world is (26)
______. Despite a slow start at
the
beginning of the eighties,
global
economic output increased by more than a fifth
during the (27) ______. The economy grew,
trade increased, and millions of new
jobs were created. How can biological indicators
show the
(28) ______ of economic
indicators?
The
answer
is
that
the
economic
indicators
have
a
basic
fault:
they
show
no
difference
between
resource
uses
that
(29)
______
progress
and
those
uses
that
will
hurt
it.
The
main
measure of economic progress is the
gross national product (GNP). (30) ______, this
totals
the
value of all
goods and services produced and subtracts loss in
value of factories and equipment.
Developed
a
half-
century
ago,
GNP
helped
(31)
______
a
common
way
among
countries
of
measuring change in economic output.
For some time, this seemed to work (32) ______
well, but
serious
weaknesses
are
now
appearing.
As
indicated
earlier,
GNP
includes
loss
in
value
of
factories
and
equipment,
but
it
does
not
(33)
______
the
loss
of
natural
resources,
including
nonrenewable resources such as oil or
renewable resources such as forests.
This basic fault can produce a (34)
______ sense of national economic health.
According to
GNP, for example,
countries that overcut forests actually do better
than those that preserve their
forests.
The trees cut down are counted as income but no
subtraction is made for (35) ______ the
forests.
Part III
Reading Comprehension
Section A
Questions 36 to 45
are based on the following passage.
The
U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to
ensure that all students have equal
access to a quality education. Today it
is __36___the launch of the Excellent Educators
for All
Initiative.
The
initiative
will
help
states
and
school
districts
support
great
educators
for
the
students who need them most.
“All
children
are
37
to
a
high-quality
education
regardless
of
their
race,
zip
code
or
family income. It is
38
important
that we provide teachers and principals the
support they need
to help students
reach their full
39
,” U.S. Secretary of
Education Arne Duncan said. “Despite
the excellent work and deep
40
of our
nation's teachers and principals, students in
high-poverty,
high-minority schools are
unfairly treated across our country. We have to do
better. Local leaders
and
educators
will
41
their
own
creative
solutions,
but
we
must
work
together
to
42
our
focus on how to better recruit, support
and
43
effective teachers and principals for
all students,
especially the kids who
need them most.”
Today’s
announcement
is
another
important
step
forward
in
improving
access
to
quality
education, a
44
of President Obama’s year
of action. Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead
a
11
roundtable
discussion with principals and school teachers
from across the country about the
45
of
working
in
high-
need
schools
and
how
to
adapt
promising
practices
for
supporting
great
educators in these
schools.
A) announcing
F) contests
K) entitled
B)
beneficial
G) critically
L) potential
C) challenges
H)
develop
M)
properly
D) commitment
I) distributing
N) qualified
E) component
J) enhance
O) retain
Section B
The Changes Facing
Fast Food
[A]
Fast-food
firms
have
to
be
a
thick-
skinned
bunch.
Health
experts
regularly
criticize
them
severely
for
selling
food
that
makes
people
fat.
Critics
even
complain
that
McDonald
’
s,
whose
logo symbolizes
calorie excess, should not have been allowed to
sponsor the World Cup. These
are things
fast-food firms have learnt to cope with. But not
perhaps for much longer. The burger
business faces more pressure from
regulators at a time
when it is already
adapting strategies in
response to
shifts in the global economy.
[B] Fat
food was once thought to be recession-proof. When
consumers need to cut spending, the
logic goes, cheap meals like Big Macs
and Whoppers become even more
attractive. Such “trading
down”
proved
true
for
much
of
the
latest
recession,
when
fast-food
companies
picked
up
customers who could no longer afford to
eat at casual restaurants. Traffic was boosted in
America,
the home of fast food, with
discounts and promotions, such as $$1 menus and
cheap combination
meals.
[C]
As
a
result,
fast-food
chains
have
weathered
the
recession
better
than
their
more
expensive
competitors. In 2009 sales at full-
service restaurants in America fell by more than
6%, bur total
sales remained about the
same at fast-food chains.
In some
markets, such as Japan,
France and
Britain,
total
spending
on
fast
food
increased.
Same-
store
sales
in
America
at
McDonald’s,
the
world’s
largest
fast
-food
company,
did
not
decline
throughout
the
downturn,
Panera
Bread,
an
American fast-food chain known for its
fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it
offers
higher-quality food at lower
prices than restaurants.
[D] But not
all fast-food companies have been as fortunate.
Many, such as Burger King, have seen
sales fall. In a severe recession,
while some people trade down to fast food, many
others eat at
home
more
frequently
to
save
money.
David
Palmer,
an
analyst
at
UBS,
a
bank,
says
smaller
fast-food chains in
America
, such as Jack in the Box and
Carl’s Jr., have been hit particularly hard
in this downturn because they are
competing with the global giant McDonald’s, which
increased
spending on advertising by
more than 7% last year as others cut back.
[E] Some fast-food companies also
sacrificed their own profits by trying to give
customers better
value.
During
the
recession
companies
set
prices
low,
hoping
that
once
they
had
tempted
customers through the door they would
be persuaded to order more expensive items. But in
many
cases that strategy did not work.
Last year Burger King franchisees
(
特许经营人
) sued
(
起诉
) the
company
over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming
it was unfair for them to be required
to sell these for $$1 when they cost
$$1.10 to make. In May a judge ruled in favor of
Burger King.
Nevertheless, the company
may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap
choices over more
expensive ones
because items on its “value menu”; mow account for
around 20% of all sales, up
from 12%
last October.
12
[F] Analysts expect the fast-food
industry to grow modestly this year. But the
downturn is making
companies rethink
their strategies. Many are now introducing higher-
priced items to entice (
引诱
)
consumers away from $$1 specials. KFC, a
division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Bell
and Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken
sandwich that costs around $$5. And in May Burger
King
introduced barbecue
(
烧烤
)pork ribs at $$7 for
eight.
[G]
Companies
are
also
trying
to
get
customers
to
buy
new
and
more
items,
including
drinks,
McDonald’s
started
selling
better
coffee
as
a
challenge
to
Starbucks.
Its
“McCafe”
line
now
accounts for an estimated 6% of sales
in America. Starbucks has sold rights to its
Seattle
’s Best
coffee brand
to Burger King, which will start selling it later
this year.
[H] As fast-food companies
shift from
“super size”
to “more buys”, they need to keep
customer
traffic high throughout the
day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and
just for fatty food.
McDonald’s will
start selling porridge
(
粥
)in America next year.
Breakfast has the potential to be
very
profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a
research firm, because the margins can be high.
Fast-food
companies
are
also
adding
midday
and
late-
night
snacks,
such
as
blended
drinks
and
wraps. The idea is that
by having a greater range of things on the menu,
“we can sell to consumers
products they want all
day,
”; says Rick Carucci, the chief
financial offers of Yun! Brands.
[I]
But
when
about
those
growing
waistlines?
So
far,
fast-food
firms
have
cleverly
avoided
government regulation. By providing
healthy options, like salads and low-calorie
sandwiches, they
have
at
least
given
the
impression
of
doing
something
about
helping
to
fight
obesity
(
肥胖症
).
These offerings are not necessarily
loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of
outlets to groups of
diners that
include some people who
don
’
t want to eat a burger.
But customers cannot be forced to
order
salads instead of fries.
[J] In the
f
uture, simply offering a healthy
option may not be good enough. “Every
packaged
-food
and restaurant
company I know is concerned about regulation right
now,” says Mr. Palmer of UBS.
America’s
health
-reform bill, which Congress
passed this year, requires restaurant chains with
20
or more outlets to put the calorie-
content of items they serve to the menu. A study
by the National
Bureau of Economic
Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks
of a similar calorie-posting
law in New
York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-
amount per transaction fell 6% and
revenue increased 3% at Starbucks
stores where a Dunkin Donuts outlet was
nearby
—
a sign, it is
said, that menu-labeling could favor
chains that have more healthy offerings.
[K]In order to avoid other legislation
in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will
have to
continue innovating
(
创新
), Wait Riker of
McDonald
’
s claims the change
it has made in its menu
means it offers
more healthy items than it did a few years
ago
, “We probably sell more vegetables,
more milk, more salads, some apples
than any restaurant business in the
world,”
he says. But the
recent
proposal
by
a
county
in
California
to
ban
McDonald’s
from
including
toys
in
its
high-
calorie
“Happy
Meals”,
because
legislators
believe
it
attracts
children
to
unhealthy
food,
suggest there is a lot
more left to do.
46. Some
people propose laws be made to stop
McDonald
’
s from attaching
toys to its food its food
specials for
children.
47. Fast-food firms may not
be able to cope with pressures from food
regulation in the near future.
48.
Burger King will start to sell
Seattle
’
s Best coffee to
increase sales.
49. Some fast-food
firms provide healthy food to give the impression
they are helping to tackle the
obesity
problem.
13
50.
During the recession, many customers turned to
fast food to save money.
51. Many
people eat out less often to save money in times
of recession.
52. During the recession,
Burger King
’
s promotional
strategy of offering low-priced items often
proved ineffective.
53.
Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by
selling breakfast.
54. Many fast-food
companies now expect to increase their revenue by
introducing higher-priced
items.
55. A newly-passed law asks big fast-
food chains to specify the calorie count of what
they serve
on the menu.
Section C
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the
following passage.
If you think a high-
factor sunscreen (
防晒霜
) keeps
you safe from harmful rays, you may be
wrong.
Research
in
this
week
’
s
Nature
shows
that
while
factor
50
reduces
the
number
of
melanomas
(
黑瘤
)
and
delays
their
occurrence,
it
can
’
t
prevent
them.
Melanomas
are
the
most
aggressive skin
cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or
blond hair, fair skin, blue or
green
eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative
has had one. Melanomas are more common if
you
have
periodic
intense
exposure
to
the
sun.
Other
skin
cancers
are
increasingly
likely
with
long-term exposure.
There
is
continuing
debate
as
to
how
effective
sunscreen
is
in
reducing
melanomas
—
the
evidence is weaker than it is for
preventing other types of skin cancer. A 2011
Australian study of
1,621 people
found
that
people
randomly
selected
to
apply
sunscreen
daily
had
half
the
rate
of
melanomas
of people who used cream as needed. A second
study, comparing 1,167 people with
melanomas to 1,101 who didn’t have the
cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely,
alongside
other protection such as
hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did
give some protection. This
study
said
other
forms
of
sun
protection
—
not
sunscreen
—
seemed
most
beneficial.
The
study
relied
on
people
remembering
what
they
had
done
over
each
decade
of
their
lives,
so
it’s
not
entirely reliable. But it seems
reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false
sense of security
in the sun.
Many
people
also
don
’
t
use
sunscreen
properly-applying
insufficient
amounts,
failing
to
reapply
after
a
couple
of
hours
and
staying
in
the
sun
too
long.
It
is
sunburn
that
is
most
worrying-recent shows
five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years
increases the risk of all skin
cancers.
The
good
news
is
that
a
combination
of
sunscreen
and
covering
up
can
reduce
melanoma
rates, as shown by Australian figures
from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is
a heat wave
this summer, it would be
best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on
(
抹上
) sunscreen and slap on a
hat.
56. What is
people
’
s common expectation
of a high-factor sunscreen?
A) It will
delay the occurrence of skin cancer.
B)
It will protect them from sunburn.
C)
It will keep their skin smooth and fair.
D) It will work for people
of any skin color.
57. What does the
research in Nature say about a high-factor
sunscreen?
A) It is ineffective in
preventing melanomas.
B) It
is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.
C) It is ineffective with long-term
exposure.
D) It is
ineffective for people with fair skin.
14
58. What do we learn from
the 2011Australian study of 1,621 people?
A) Sunscreen should be applied
alongside other protection measures.
B)
High-risk people benefit the most from the
application of sunscreen.
C) Irregular
application of sunscreen does women more harm than
good.
D) Daily application of sunscreen
helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.
59. What does the author say about the
second Australian study?
A) It misleads
people to rely on sunscreen for protection.
B) It helps people to select the most
effective sunscreen.
C) It is not based
on direct observation of the subjects.
D) It confirms the results of the first
Australian study.
60. What does the
author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?
A) Using both covering up and
sunscreen.
B) Staying in
the shade whenever possible.
C) Using
covering up instead of sunscreen.
D) Applying the right amount of
sunscreen.
Passage
Two
Questions 62 to 65are based on the
following passage.
Across the rich
world, well-educated people increasingly work
longer than the less-skilled.
Some
65%
of
American
men
aged
62-74
with
a
professional
degree
are
in
the
workforce,
compared with 32%
of men with only a high-school certificate. This
gap is part of a deepening
divide
between
the
well-
educated
well-off
and
the
unskilled
poor.
Rapid
technological
advance
has
raised
the
incomes
of
the
highly
skilled
while
squeezing
those
of
the
unskilled.
The
consequences, for individuals and
society, are profound.
The world is
facing an astonishing rise in the number of old
people, and they will live longer
than
ever
before.
Over
the
next
20
years
the
global
population
of
those
aged
65
or
more
will
almost double, from 600 million to 1.1
billion. The experience of the 20th century, when
greater
longevity
(
长寿
)
translated
into
more
years
in
retirement
rather
than
more
years
at
work,
has
persuaded many observers that this
shift will lead to slower economic growth, while
the swelling
ranks of pensioners will
create government budget problems.
But
the notion of a sharp division between the working
young and the idle old misses a new
trend, the growing gap between the
skilled and the unskilled people, whereas older
skilled folk are
working longer. The
divide is most extreme in America, where well-
educated baby-boomers
(
二战
后生育高峰期出生的美国人
)
are putting off retirement while many less-skilled
younger people
have dropped out of the
workforce.
Policy is partly
responsible. Many European governments have
abandoned policies that used
to
encourage
people
to
retire
early.
Rising
life
expectancy
(
预期寿命
),
combined
with
the
replacement
of
generous
defined-benefit
pension
plans
with
less
generous
defined-
contribution
ones, means that even the
better-off must work longer to have a comfortable
retirement. But the
changing nature of
work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply
for the highly educated, and
those
people continue to reap rich rewards into old age
because these days the educated elderly are
more productive than the preceding
generation. Technological change may well
reinforce that shift:
the
skills
that
complement
computers,
from
management
knowhow
to
creativity,
do
not
necessarily decline with
age.
61. What is happening in the
workforce in rich countries?
A) Younger
people are replacing the elderly.
15
B) Well-
educated people tend to work longer.
C)
Unemployment rates are rising year after year.
D) People with no college degree do not
easily find work.
62. What has helped
deepen the divide between the well-off and the
poor?
A) Longer life expectancies.
B) Profound changes in the
workforce.
C) A rapid technological
advance.
D) A growing number of the well-
educated.
63. What do many observers
predict in view of the experience of the 20th
century?
A) Economic growth will slow
down.
B) Government budgets will
increase.
C) More people will try to
pursue higher education.
D) There will
be more competition in the job market.
64. What is the result of policy
changes in European countries?
A)
Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.
B) More people have to receive in-
service training.
C) Even wealthy
people must work longer to live comfortably in
retirement.
D) People may be able to
enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension
plans.
65. What is characteristic of
work in the 21st century?
A) Computers
will do more complicated work.
B) More
will be taken by the educated young.
C)
Most jobs to be done will be creative ones.
D) Skills are highly valued regardless
of age.
Part IV
Translation (30 minutes)
中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。
构成现在世界基础的许多元素都起
源于中国。
中国现
在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，
并经历着一次新的工业革命。
中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空
< br>探索计划，其实包括到
2020
年建成一个太空站。目前
，中国是世界上最大的出口国之一，
并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数
十亿美元。
2011
年，中国超越日本成
为第二大经济体。
16
2015
年
6
月四级第三套
听力同第二套
Part III
Reading Comprehension
Section A
Questions 36 to 45
are based on the following passage.
As
a teacher, you could bring the community into your
classroom in many ways. The parents
and
grandparents
of
your
students
are
resources
and
36
for
their
children.
They
can
be
37
teachers
of
their
own
traditions
and
histories.
Immigrant
parents
could
talk
about
their
country of
38
and why they emigrated to the United
States. Parents can be invited to talk
about their jobs or a community
project. Parents, of course, are not the only
community resources.
Employees at local
businesses and staff at community agencies have
39
information to share
in classrooms.
Field
trips
provide
another opportunity
to
know
the
community.
Many
students
don’t
have
the opportunity to
40
concerts or visit museums
or historical sites except through field trips.
A school district should have
41
for selecting and
conducting field trips. Families must be
made
42
of field trips and give permission for
their children to participate.
Through
school
projects,
students
can
learn
to
be
43
in
community
projects
ranging
from planting trees to cleaning up a
park to assisting elderly people. Students,
44
older ones,
might conduct research on a community
need that could lead to action by a city council
or state
government.
Some
schools
require
students
to
provide
community
service
by
45
in
a
nursing
home, child care center or government agency.
These projects help students understand
their responsibility to the larger
community.
A) assets
B) attend
C)
aware
D) especially
E) excellent
Section B
Reaping the
Rewards of Risk-Taking
[A] Since Steve
Jobs resigned as chief executive of
Apple, much has been said about him as
a
peerless
business
leader
who
has
created
immense
wealth
for
shareholders,
and
guided
the
design
of
hit
products
that
are
transforming
entire
industries,
like
music
and
mobile
communications.
[B] All
true, but let’s think different, to borrow the
Apple marketing slogan of years back.
Let’s
look at Mr. Jobs as a
role model.
[C] Above all, he is an
innovator
(
创新者
). His creative force is
seen in products such as the iPod,
iPhone, and iPad, and in new business
models for pricing and distributing music and
mobile
software
online.
Studies
of
innovation
come
to
the
same
conclusion:
you
can’t
engineer
innovation, but you can increase the
odds of it occurring. And Mr. Jobs’ career can be
viewed
as a consistent
pursuit of improving those odds, both for himself
and the companies he has led.
Mr.
Jobs,
of
course,
has
enjoyed
singular
success.
But
innovation,
broadly
defined,
is
the
crucial
ingredient
in
all
economic
progress
—
higher
growth
for
nations,
more
competitive
17
F) expensive
G) guidelines
H) involved
I) joining
J) naturally
K) observe
L) origin
M) recruited
N) up-to-date
O)
volunteering
products
for
companies,
and
more
prosperous
careers
for
individuals.
And
Mr.
Jobs,
many
experts say,
exemplifies what works in the innovation game.
[D] “We can look at and learn from
Steve Jobs what the essence of American innovation
is,” says
John Kao, an
innovation consultant to corporations and
governments. Many other nations, Mr.
John Kao notes, are now ahead of the
United States in producing what are considered the
raw
materials of innovation. These
include government financing for scientific
research, national
policies
to
support
emerging
industries,
educational
achievement,
engineers
and
scientists
graduated, even
the speeds of Internet broadband service.
[E] Yet what other nations typically
lack, Mr. Kao adds, is a social environment that
encourages
diversity,
experimentation,
risk-
taking,
and
combining
skills
from
many
fields
into
products
that
he
calls
“
recombinant
mash-ups
(
打碎重组
),
”
like
the
iPhone,
which
redefined
the
smartphone category. “The culture of
other countries doesn’t support the kind of
innovation
that Steve Jobs
exemplifies, as America does,” Mr. John Kao
says.
[F] Workers of every
rank are told these days that wide-ranging
curiosity and continuous learning
are
vital to thriving in the modem economy. Formal
education matters, career counselors say,
but real-life experience is often even
more valuable.
[G] An adopted child,
growing up in Silicon Valley, Mr. Jobs displayed
those traits early on. He
was
fascinated by electronics as a child, building
Heathkit do-it-yourself projects, like radios.
Mr.
Jobs
dropped
out
of
Reed
College
after
only
a
semester
and
traveled
around
India
in
search of spiritual enlightenment,
before returning to Silicon Valley to found Apple
with his
friend, Stephen Wozniak, an
engineering
wizard
(
奇才
). Mr. Jobs was forced
out of Apple in
1985, went off and
founded two other companies, Next and Pixar,
before returning to Apple in
1996 and
becoming chief executive in 1997.
[H]
His path was unique, but innovation
experts say the pattern of exploration is not
unusual. “It’s
often people
like Steve Jobs who can draw from a deep reservoir
of diverse experiences that
often
generate
breakthrough
ideas
and
insights,”
says
Hal
Gregersen,
a
professor
at
the
European Institute of Business
Administration.
[I]
Mr.
Gregersen
is
a
co-
author
of
a
new
book,
The
Innovator’s
DNA,
which
is
based
on
an
eight-year
study
of
5,000
entrepreneurs
(
创业者
)
and
executives
worldwide.
His
two
collaborators
and
co-authors
are
Jeff
Dyer,
a
professor
at
Brigham
Young
University,
and
Clayton
Christensen,
a
professor
at
the
Harvard
Business
School,
whose
1997
book
The
Innovator’
s
Dilemma
popularized the concept of
“
disruptive
(
颠覆性的
)
innovation.
”
[J]
The academics identify five traits that are common
to the disruptive innovators: questioning,
experimenting, observing, associating
and networking. Their bundle of characteristics
echoes
the ceaseless curiosity and
willingness to take risks noted by other experts.
Networking, Mr.
Hal Gregersen explains,
is less about career-building relationships than a
consistent search for
new ideas.
Associating, he adds, is the ability to make idea-
producing connections by linking
concepts from different disciplines.
[K] “Innovators engage in these mental
activities regularly,” Mr. Gregersen says. “It’s a
habit for
them.” Innovative
companies, according to the authors, typically
enjoy higher valuations in the
stock market, which they call an
“
innovation
premium
(
溢价
).
”
It is calculated by estimating
the
share of a company’s value that cannot be
accounted for by its current products and
cash
flow. The innovation
premium tries to
quantify
(
量化
)
investors
’
bets that a
company will do
even better in the
future because of innovation.
18
[L] Apple, by their
calculations, had a 37 percent innovation premium
during Mr. Jobs’ first term
with the company. His
years
in exile resulted in a 31 percent innovation
discount. After his
return, Apple’s
fort
unes improved gradually at first,
and improved markedly starting in 2005,
yielding a 52 percent innovation
premium since then.
[M]There
is
no
conclusive
proof,
but
Mr.
Hal Gregersen
says
it
is
unlikely
that
Mr. Jobs
could
have
reshaped
industries
beyond
computing,
as
he
has
done
in
his
second
term
at
Apple,
without the
experience outside the company, especially at
Pixar
—
the
computer-
animation
(
动
画制作
) studio
that created a string of critically and
commercially successful movies, such as
“Toy Story” and “Up.”
[N] Mr. Jobs suggested much the same
thing during a commencement address to the
graduating
class at Stanford University
in 2005. “It turned out that getting fired from
Apple was the best
thing
that
could
have
ever
happened
to
me,”
he
told
the
students.
Mr.
Jobs
also
spoke
of
perseverance
(
坚持
) and will
power.
“
Sometimes life hits
you in the head with a
brick,
”
he
said.
“Don’t lose faith.”
[O] Mr.
Jobs ended his commencement talk with a call to
innovation, both in one’s choice of
work
and in one’s life. Be
curious, experiment, take risks, he
said to the students. His advice was
emphasized by the words on the back of
the final edition of
The Whole Earth
Catalog
, which
he quoted:
“Stay hungry. Stay foolish.” “And,” Mr. Jobs said,
“I have always wished that for
myself. And now, as you graduate to
begin anew, I wish that for
you.”
46. Steve Jobs called
on Stanford graduates to innovate in his
commencement address.
47. Steve Jobs
considered himself lucky to have been fired once
by Apple.
48. Steve Jobs once used
computers to make movies that were commercial
hits.
49. Many governments have done
more than the US government in providing the raw
materials
for innovation.
50. Great innovators are good at
connecting concepts from various academic fields.
51. Innovation is vital to driving
economic progress.
52. America has a
social environment that is particularly favorable
to innovation.
53. Innovative ideas
often come from diverse experiences.
54. Real-life experience is often more
important than formal education for career
success.
55. Apple’s fortunes suffered
from an innovation discount during Jobs’
absence.
Section
C
Passage One
Questions 56
to 60 are based on the following passage.
The Gatais used to frown when they
received power bills that routinely topped $$200.
Last
September the couple moved into a
1 500-square-foot home in Premier Gardens, a
subdivision of
95
“zero
-
energy
homes”(ZEH)
just
outside
town.
Now
they’re
actually
eager
to
see
their
electricity bills. The
grand total over the 10 months they’ve lived in
the three
-bedroom house: $$75.
For t
he past two months they
haven’t paid a cent.
ZEH
communities are the leading edge of technologies
that might someday create houses that
produce as much energy as they consume.
Premier Gardens is one of a half-dozen
subdivisions in
California
where
every
home
cuts
power
consumption
by
50%,
mostly
by
using
low-power
appliances and solar panels.
Aside from the panels on the roof,
Premier Gardens looks like a community of
conventional
19
homes.
But
inside,
special
windows
cut
power
bills
by
blocking
solar
heat
in
summer
and
retaining indoor warmth in winter.
The rest of the energy savings comes
from the solar units. They don’t just feed the
home they
serve.
If
they
generate
more
power
than
the
home
is
using,
the
excess
flows
into
the
utility’s
power grid
(
电网
). The
residents are billed by “net metering”
: they pay for the amount of power
they
tap off the grid, less the kilowatts
(
千瓦
) they feed into it. If a
home generates more power
than it uses,
the bill is zero.
That
sounds
like
a
bad
deal
for
the power
company,
bu
t
it’s
not.
Solar
homes
produce
the
most
power on the hot sunny afternoons when everyone
rushes home to turn up the air conditioner.
“It helps us lower usage at peak power
times, “says solar expert Mike Keesee. “That lets
us avoid
building costly plants or
buying expensive power at peak usage
time.”
What’s
not
to
like?
Mostly
the
costs.
The
special
features
can
add
$$25000
or
more
to
the
purchase price of a
house. Tax breaks bring the cost down, especially
in California, but in many
states ZEHs
can be prohib
itively expensive. For the
consumer, it’s a matter of paying now for the
hardware to save later on the
utilities.
56. Why are the Gatais eager
to see their electricity bills now?
A)
They want to know if they are able to pay.
B) They want to cut down their utility
expenses.
C) They want to see how much
they have saved.
D) They want to avoid
being overcharged.
57. What is special
about the ZEH communities?
A) They have
created cutting-edge technologies.
B) They are subdivided into half a
dozen sections.
C) They aim to be self-
sufficient in power supply.
D) They are
built in harmony with the environment.
58. How are the residents in the ZEH communities
billed for electricity use?
A) They pay
for the electricity from the grid less their home-
generated power.
B) They needn’t pay a
single cent for their power consumption on sunny
days.
C) They only pay for
the excess power that flows into the utility’s
power grid.
D) They are only
charged for the amount of power they consume on
rainy days.
59. What does
the “net metering” practice mean to the power
company?
A) More pressure at
peak time.
B) Reduced operational costs.
C) Increased electricity output.
D)
Less profits in the short term.
60. The
author believes that buying a house in a ZEH
community ________.
A) is a worthy
investment in the long run
B) gives the owner substantial tax
benefits
C) is but a dream for average
consumers
D) contributes to
environmental protection
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the
following passage.
Romantic love has
clear evolutionary roots but our views about what
makes an ideal romantic
relationship
can be swayed by the society we live in. So says
psychologist Maureen O’Sullivan
from
the University of San Francisco. She suggests that
humans have always tried to strengthen
the pair-bond to maximize
(
使最大化
) reproductive success.
Many
societies
throughout
history
and
around
the
world
today
have
cultivated
strong
pressures
to
stay
married.
In
those
where
ties
to
family
and
community
are
strong,
lifelong
marriages can be promoted by practices
such as the cultural prohibition of divorce and
arranged
marriages that are seen as a
contract between two families, not just two
individuals. In
modern
20
western
societies,
however,
the
focus
on
individuality
and
independence
means
that
people
are
less
concerned
about conforming
to
(
遵守
)
the
dictates of
family
and
culture.
In
the
absence
of
societal pressures to maintain
pair-
bonds, O’Sullivan suggests that
romantic love has increasingly
come to
be seen as the factor that should
determin
e who we stay with and for how
long. “That’s
why
historically
we
see
an
increase
in
romantic
love
as
a
basis
for
forming
long-
term
relationships,” she
says.
According
to
O’Sullivan
culture
also
shapes
the
sorts
of
feelings
we
expect
to
have,
and
actually do experience,
when in love. Although the negative emotions
associated with romantic
love-fear
of
loss,
disappointment
and
jealousy-are
fairly
consistent
across
cultures,
the
positive
feelings
can
vary.
“If
you
ask
Japanese
students
to
list
the
positive
att
ributes
they
expect
in
a
romantic partner, they rate highly
things like loyalty, commitment and devotion,”
says O’Sullivan.
“If you ask American
college women, they expect everything under the
suit: in addition to being
committed,
partners have to be amusi
ng, funny and
a friend.”
We
judge
a
potential
partner
according
to
our
specific
cultural
expectations
about
what
romantic love should feel like. If you
believe that you have found true romance, and your
culture
tells you that this is what a
long-term relationship should be based on, there
is less need to rely on
social or
family pressures to keep couples together.
O’Sullivan argues.
61. What
does the author say about people’s views of an
ideal romantic relationship?
A) They are influenced by
psychologists.
B) They
ensure the reproductive success.
C)
They reflect the evolutionary process.
D) They vary from culture to culture.
62. We can infer from the passage that
strong family and community ties _________.
A) can contribute to stable marriages
B) largely rely
on marriage contracts
C) often run
counter to romantic love
D) make divorces virtually unacceptable
63. Without social pressures to keep
pair-bonds, romantic love _________.
A)
will be a substitute for marriage in human
relationships
B) is likely to replace
the dictates of family and society
C)
plays a key role in maintaining long-term
relationships
D) is a way to develop
individuality and independence
64. O’Sullivan believes that when
people from different cultures fall in love,
_________.
A) they lay more
emphasis on commitment and devotion
B)
they tend to exaggerate each other’s positive
qualities
C) they often fail
to see each other’s negative qualities
D) they expect different things from
their partner
65. We can conclude from
the passage that _________.
A) cultural
differences often tear apart a family built on
romantic love
B) romantic love is
becoming increasingly important in family
relationships
C) marriages arc hard to
sustain without social or family pressures
D) romantic love tends to yield where
family or social pressures are strong
Part IV
Translation (30 minutes)
在西方人心目中，
和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。
长期以来，
大米在中国人的
饮食中占据很重要的
地位，
以至于有谚语说
“巧妇难为无米之炊”
< br>。
中国南方大多种植水稻，
人们通常以大米为主食
;
而华北大部分地区由于过于寒冷或过于干燥无法种植水稻，那里的<
/p>
主要作物是小麦。在中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面条。
21
2015
年
6
月英语四级真题答案完整版
(
试卷一
)
作文真题
听力真题
Short conversations
1.
W:
I
’
m going to give up playing
chess. I lost again today.
M: Just because you lost? Is that any
reason to quit?
Q: What does the man imply?
2.
M: Do you know
Sally
’
s new address?
She
’
s got some mail here,
and I
’
d like to forward it
to her.
W:
Well, we
’
ve not been in
touch for quite a while.
Let
’
s see. Mary should
know it.
Q: What does the woman mean?
3.
W: I missed classes this
morning. Could you please lend me your notes?
M: My notes?
You
’
ve never see my
handwriting, have you?
Q: What does the man imply?
4.
M: I
’
m taking my
girlfriend to the fancy new restaurant for her
birthday
tonight.
W: I went there last
weekend, I found it rather disappointing.
Q: What does
the woman mean?
5.
W: Winter is over at last. Time to put
away my gloves and boots.
M: I
’
ve been
waiting for this for months.
Q: What does the man mean?
22
6.
W: Thank you for bringing the books
back.
M: I
thought you need them over the weekend. Many
thanks for letting me
use them.
Q: What do we
learn from the conversation?
7.
W: Are you working flexible hours?
M: No,
I
’
m not. The weather today
is so nice, so I decided to walk to work,
and that meant I had to leave an hour
earlier than usual.
Q: What did the man decided to do?
8.
W: Our plane has been
circling for a long time. Why the delay?
M: The airport
is closed for a while this morning, and things are
still not
back to normal.
Q: What does the man mean?
Long conversation
长对话一
Woman: Morning,
this is TGC!
Man: Good morning, Walter Barry here,
calling from London. Could I speak
to
Mr. Grand, please?
Woman: Who
’
s
calling, please?
Man: Walter Barry, from London.
Woman: What is
it about, please?
Man: Well, I understand that your
company has a chemical processing plant.
My own company LCP, Liquid Control
Products, is a leader in safety from leaks
in the field of chemical processing.
I
’
d like to speak to Mr.
Grand to discuss
ways in which we could
help TGC to protect itself from such problems and
save
money at the same time.
Woman: Yes, I
see. Well, Mr. Grand is not available just now.
Man: Can you
tell me when I could reach him?
Woman:
He
’
s very busy for the next
few days. Then he
’
ll be away
in New
York. So
it
’
s difficult to give you a
time.
Man:
Could I speak to someone else, perhaps?
Woman: Who, in
particular?
Man: A colleague, for example?
23
Woman: You are speaking to his personal
assistance. I can deal with calls
for
Mr. Grand.
Man:
Yes, well, could I ring him tomorrow?
Woman: No,
I
’
m sorry, he
won
’
t be free tomorrow.
Listen, let me suggest
something. You
send us
details
of
your products and
services,
together
with
references from other companies. And
then we
’
ll contact you.
Man: Yes,
that
’
s very kind of you. I
have your address.
Woman: Very good,
Mr
…
?
Man: Barry. Walter Barry, from LCP in
London.
Woman:
Right, Mr. Barry. We look forward to hearing from
you.
Man: Thank
you, goodbye.
Woman: Bye.
9. What do we learn about the
woman
’
s company?
10. What do we learn about
the man?
11.
What
’
s the
woman
’
s position in her
company?
12.
What does the woman suggest the man do?
Long conversation
长对话二
Man: Miss
Yamada, did you ever think that you would find
yourself living
and working in the
western world?
Woman: No, not really, although
I
’
ve always listened to
recordings of great
orchestras from
Europe.
Man: So
you enjoyed classical music even when you were
very young?
Woman: Oh, yes. I was an only child.
Man: You were
born in 1955, is that right?
Woman: Yes, I began violin
lessons at school when I was 6.
Man: As young as that, did
you like it?
Woman: Oh, yes, very much.
Man: When did you first
play on your own? I mean, when did you give your
first performance?
Woman: I think I was
8
…
? No, Nine. I just had my
birthday a week before,
and my father
had bought me a new violin. I played a small piece
at the school
concert.
Man: Did you know then that
you would become a professional violinist?
Woman: Yes, I
think so. I enjoy playing the violin very much,
and I didn
’
t
mind
practicing, sometimes three or four hours a day.
24
蝉联冠军-majun
蝉联冠军-majun
蝉联冠军-majun
蝉联冠军-majun
蝉联冠军-majun
蝉联冠军-majun
蝉联冠军-majun
蝉联冠军-majun
-
上一篇：(完整word版)雇佣合同(中英文对照全职)
下一篇：仪表专业英语词汇.知识分享