square怎么读英语从句123

2021年1月27日发(作者：catch是什么意思)
从句（二）

状

语

从

句



状语从句是一种作状语用的从句，
修饰主句中的动 词、
形容词、副词或修饰全句，
补充说明
时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态 等。




㈠

时间状语从句：



通常用下列从属连词引导：



when,
while,
as,
before,
after,
since
（自从
…
以来）
,
till
(until),
as
soon
as(
刚一
…
马上就
…),
once(
一旦
), whenever
等。



如：



①
I’ll give the note to him
as soon as I see him.


我一看见他就马上把这条子给他。




②
The first bell was already ringing before she got to the school gate.


她走到学校大门之前，头遍铃已经响了。




③
I’ll go and see her
after I get the new dress.


我买到新衣服之后要去看她。




④
I won’t go home
until I have finished my homework.


我直到做完作业再回家。




⑤
As you study a globe, you may notice that most of the large land areas are connected.


当你研究地球仪时，你会注意到多数大块陆地是相连的。




⑥
Once he understood, he did what he was told to do.


一旦他明白了，他就按照吩咐的去做。




⑦
When
clothes are washed, they don’t get dry very easily
.


洗了的衣服不容易干。




⑧
He has read a lot since he was a child.


他从小时候起已经读了许多书。




⑨
I’ll discuss
the problem with you whenever you are free.


无论你什么时间有空，我就同你讨论这个问题。




◆

the moment/ minute/ second, immediately, directly
等副词式连词也可引导时间状语从句，
意为“
一
…
就
…”
，相当于
as soon as,
此时前面不可再加连词，也不可加
at, in, on
等介词。



如：



①
I went home directly I had finished work.


我一干完活就回家了。




②
Please phone me immediately you get home.


你一到家就给我打个电话。




③
I loved her the moment I saw her.


我一看见她就爱上了她。




④
I want to see him the minute he arrives.


他一来到我就要见他。




* hardly …when…
和

no sooner…than…
的意义相当于
as soon as,
也可引起时间状语 从句，
但
只能用过去时，即从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用过去完成时。



如：



①
I had hardly fallen asleep when I felt a soft touch on my elbow.


= Hardly had I fallen asleep when I felt a soft touch on my elbow.


我刚一睡着就觉得有人轻轻碰了碰我的胳膊肘。




②
I had no sooner come home than it began to snow.


= No sooner had I come home that it began to snow.


我刚一到家天就开始下起雪来了。




◆

every time, each time, by the time, soon after, shortly after
等表示时间的短语也可作为连词
使用，引导时间状 语从句，此时前面也常不再加连词。



如：



①
Each time he comes to Baoding, he comes to see me.


每一次他来保定的时候都来看我。




②
You grow younger every time I see you.


我每一次见到你的时候你都显得更年轻。




③
Shortly after he took office, the Southern States rebelled.


他任职之后不久，南方各州就叛乱了。




④
By
the
time
he
was
fourteen
years
old,
he
had
taught
himself
advanced
mathematics
from
textbooks.


到十四岁的时候，他已自学了课本上的高等数学。




◆
until
和
not until:


当主句中的动词是延续性动词时，常用：
…until…,
表示主句的动作延续到从句表示的动作
发生或完成为止。



如：



①
Jim stayed up until his mother came back last night.


昨晚吉姆一直熬夜到他母亲回来。




②
I waited until he had finished his work.


我一直等到他做完工作。




当主句中的动词是非延续性动词时，常用：

not…until…,
表示
“
直到
…
才
…”



如：



①
Jim didn’t go to bed until his mother came back last night.



昨晚吉姆直到他母亲回来才睡觉。




②
I won’t stop shouting until you let me go.



直到你放我走我才停止喊叫。




* not until
置于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。



如：




Not until his mother came back did Jim go to bed.


吉姆直到他母亲回来才睡觉。




* not until
也可用于强调句型：



It is/was not until …that…



如：



It was not until his mother came back that Jim went to bed.


吉姆直到他母亲回来才睡觉。




◆

before



从属连词，
“
在
…< br>之前
”
，但在具体的句子中，译法多种多样。



表示
“…
才
…” “
没来得及
…
就
” “…
后
…
才
…”



如：



①
He measured me before I could get in a word.


没等我插上一句话他就给我量好了尺寸。




②
She was angry before I could explain to her.


我还没来得及向她解释，她就生气了。




③
He asked a second question before I could answer the first question.


我还没来得及回答第一个问题，他又问了一个问题。




④
I hadn’t waited long before he came.



我没等多久他就来了。




⑤
We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot.


不等天太热，我们一大清早就出发。




⑥
They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.


他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。




⑦
We walked a whole day before we got to the forest.


我们走了一整天才到了森林。




*before
还常用于下列句型：




It won’t be …before…
用不了（多长时间）就会
…



It will be…before…
得过（多长时间）才
…



It wasn’t …before…
没过（多长时间）就
…



It was…before…
过了（多长时间）才
…




①
It will be a long time before we finish the task.


我们还需要很长时间才能完成这项任务。




②
It wasn’t long before he learned to use the computer.



不久他就学会使用计算机了。




③
It was some time before he told me about this affair.


过了一段时间之后他告诉了我这件事。




④
It won’t be long before we meet again.



不久之后我们还会再见面的。




◆

when, while
和
as:


when
既可引导一持续性动作，又可引导一短暂性动作。它可以表示 主句的动作和从句的动
作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。



如：



①
When he was a child, he used to play toys.


他小时候常玩玩具。（同时）




②
When the class was over, we began to clean our classroom.


下课后我们开始打扫教室。（从句动作在前）




while
指
“
在某一段时间里
”
或
“
在
…
期间
”
，表示时段或过程，强调主句与 从句的行为或状态
同时发生或存在。因而
while
从句必须用延续性动词。



如：



①
While I was in San Francisco, I met him twice.


当我在旧金山时，我见过他两次。




②
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.



别人在干活的时候，你们不要大声喧哗。




as < br>当表示一个人的两个动作交替或同时进行时，多用
as,
表示
“
一边< br>…
一边
…”
。另外，当两
个短促行为或事件几乎同时发生时，多用as
。这两种情况一般不用
when,
更不能用
while
。< br>


如：



①
She danced as she sang.


她一边唱一边跳。




②
Just as he caught the worm, he cried out.


他刚抓住那只虫子，就大声叫了出来。




*
当
when
引导的状语从句是系表结构（名词作表语），其主语又和主句一致时，往往可用< br>as
引导的省略从句代替，应注意
as
在这里是连词，不是介词。



如：



When he was a young man, he was a storekeeper and a postmaster.


= As a young man, he was a storekeeper and a postmaster.


他年轻时开过零售店，后来当过邮政所所长。




* when
除了作从属连词引导时间状语从句，
还可作并列连词连接两个并列分句，
这 样用时，
when
前可以用逗号，也可不用逗号。此时，
when
不译作“
当
…
的时候
”
，而常常表示
“
正在
…
时，
这时另一件事发生了
”
。其句型有三种形式：



be about to do sth. when…



正要做某事时突然
…



be doing sth. when…




正在做某事时突然
…



had done sth. when…





某个动作刚开始或持续没多久，这时另一动作突然发生了




如：



①
I was about to start when the telephone rang.


我刚要动身电话就响起来了。




②
He was walking by the sea when he heard a voice for help.


他正在海边散步，这时突然听到呼救声。




③
They had just begun to work when the machine broke down.


他们刚开始工作，这时机器突然出故障了。




㈡

地点状语从句



通常用
wher e
和
wherever
引导，二者意义基本相同，但后者感情色彩强。



如：



①
Good comrades want to go where work is hard.


好同志要到工作艰苦的地方去。




②
Where there is oppression, there is resistance.


哪里有压迫，哪里就有反抗。




③
We will go wherever the motherland needs us most.


我们要到祖国最需要我们的地方去。




④
Stay where you are.


留在原地别动。




◆

地点状语从句和关系副词
where
引导的定语从句的区别：



定语从句前有一个表示地点的名词作先行词，
地点状语从句无此特征；
地点 状语从句可放在
句首，而定语从句不可。



如：



①
He found the pencil where he had left it.


（
where
前面无表示地点的名词，状语从句）




②
I found the pencil in the desk where I had left it.


( where
前面有表示地点的名词，定语从句
)



③

Where there is water and air, there is life.


哪里有空气和水，哪里就有生命。（

状语从句）




④
The village where I was born was very small.


我出生的那个村子很小。（定语从句）




㈢

原因状语从句



通常由连词
because, as, since, now that
等引导。



如：



①
As he was busy, he didn’t come.



因为他忙，所以他没来。




②
Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.



因为他病了，所以没去上学。




③
Now that you have come here, you should stay here.


既然你来了，就呆在这儿吧。




◆

because, since, as,
和
for
的用法辨析：



because
表示直接而明确的原 因或理由，语气最强，其引导的状语从句是全句的重心所在，
既可置于主句前，也可位于主句之后，主要 用来回答
why
；




as
语气不如
because
强，它引导的从句常置于主句之前，主句和从句表达的内容同等重要；




since
意为
“
既然
”
，它所表示的理由是说话者和听话者所共知的，主句是全句意思的重心所
在，只表示事情关系上的自然 结果，它所引导的从句常置于主句之前；




now that
与
since, as
同义，其区别是
now that
用 来提出一种新的情况，从句和主句的因果关
系很小，而
since
和
as连接的句子因果关系比较明显；




for
连接的是并列句，不能位于句首，它所表示的是附加的理由，是推断的理由；




在强调句中只能用
because
引导从句。



如：



①
----Why did he drop out of school?


他为什么辍学？



----Because he has no money.





因为他没钱。




②
The oil must be out, for the light went out.


一定没油了，因为灯灭了。（对前面主句内容的原因的推测）




③
The light went out because the oil was out.


灯灭了，因为没油了。（表原因）




④
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.


昨晚一定是下雨了，因为地上是湿的。（对前面句子做附加说明的理由）




⑤
Now that you are free today, you may go out for a walk.


既然你有空，就出去走走吧。




⑥
Since he says so, it must be true.


他既然这么说，那一定是真的。




⑦
It was because he
was ill that he didn’t go with us.



（强调句中只能用
because
引导）




㈣

目的状语从句



用来引导目的状语从句的连词有：
in case
（以免，以防）
, for fear that
（以免，惟恐）
, so that
（以便）
, in order that
（以便）等



如：



①
You must be quiet in case your sister is frightened.


你一定要保持安静，以免吵醒你妹妹。




②
They asked the
driver to stop the beast so that they could have a “look”.



他们请求赶兽的把这头兽停下来，好让他们能看一看。




③
He left early in order that he might be in time to attend the meeting.


为了能及时参加会议，他动身很早。




㈤

结果状语从句



通常用
so that, so…that, such…that
等引导



如：



①
It was very cold, so that the river froze.


天很冷以至于河都结冰了。




②
He ran so quickly that I couldn’t catch up with him.



他跑得很快以至于我赶不上他。




③
He
made
such
rapid
progress
that
before
long
he
began
to
write
articles
in
English
for
an
American newspaper.


他进步如此之快，不久就开始用英语给一家美国报纸写文章。




◆

so that
引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别：



引导目的状语从句时，从句主语后常有
may, might, can, could
等情态动词，引导结果状语从
句时一般没有这些词；




so that
结果状语从句前可有逗号，而目的状语从句没有；



（
so…that…
常引导结果状语从句）



如：



①
We hurried so that we might not miss the train.


我们匆匆忙忙为的是不误车。（目的）




②
I got up quickly so that I caught the train.


我起得很早，结果赶上了火车。（结果）




③
He didn’t plan his time well, so that he didn’t finish the work in time.



他没有把时间计划好，结果没及时完成工作。（结果）




④
Jack is so clever a boy that he can work out difficult problems quickly.


杰克很聪明，因而能很快的解出难题。（结果）




⑤
He turned up the radio so that everyone could hear the news.


他把收音机音量开大一点，以便大家都能听见新闻。
(
目的
)



⑥
Bob turned off the alarm so that he could sleep late in the morning.


鲍勃关掉闹钟以便早上能睡懒觉。（目的）




⑦
The teacher raised his voice, so that all the students heard him clearly.


老师提高了声音，结果所有的学生都听得很清楚。（结果）




◆

so …that
与

such… that
之间的转换：



so + adj./adv. + that


so + adj. + a/an +
单数名词
+ that


such + a/an + adj. +
单数名词
+ that


such + adj. +
复数名词或不可数名词
+ that



如：



①
He is speaking so loud that I hear him even from here.



他说话的声音如此大以至于我甚至在这里就能听到。




②
This is so interesting that I have read it twice.



这本书如此有趣以至于我读了两遍。




③
It was such fine weather that they went out for a picnic.


天气如此好以至于他们去野餐了。