福州话翻译英语倒装句地用法

2021年1月27日发(作者：卡件)


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英语倒装句的用法


英语句子按主谓排列顺序来分有正常语序和倒装语序。 正常语序的结构是“主语
+
谓语”，
倒装语序为

“谓语（或谓语的一部分）
+
主语”。

1
）部分倒装
----
助动词

情态动词
+
主语
+
谓语的实义动词型

2
）全倒装
----
谓语
+
主语型

在以下结构中用全倒装

此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：

1.
在
there be
或者
There live(stand,,remain,exist….) 句型中；

如
There are thousands of people on the square. Thousands of people are there
on the square.
There
lived
an
old
fisherman
in
the
village.
原语序：
An
old
fisherman
lived
there
in the village.
There stands a little girl.
正常语序：
A little girl stands there.
2.
在“here, there, now, thus, the
n+
动词
+
主语”的句子中
,(
谓语动词为
be, go, come,
lie, run
等
转移动词一起连用
，主语为名词
);

如
: Now comes my turn. There goes the bell. Then came the order to leave.
Here comes a bus= A bus comes here.
A
）此类倒装不用进行时态。
Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train!
有辆
出租车来了
!
最后一班火车开走了
! (
注意这里不可用进行时
)
B
）
上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，

如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here it comes
！
There it goes
！


3.
在“out
in,
up
down,
offaway
，in
the
distance,on
the
hill,round
the cor ner”
等表示方向性的副词或表示地点的介词词组位于句首，且主语又是名词，谓语是表示运动
的动词。

Away went the crowed one by one. In came a stranger in black.
Out
rushed
the
children.. Down
fell
the
leaves. On
the
floor
were
piles
of
old
books.
☆注意
：主语必须是名词

eg: Out she they are. Here he comes.
而
Out went the girl. Here comes
the boy.
地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词
(
如
lie, live, sit, stand)
或转移的动词
(
如
c
ome, go, rise)
，用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后。这种情形主要出现在描写文中。如：

At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel.
那座小教堂矗立在山顶上。

In the fields of poppies lay the dying soldiers.
罂粟地里躺着奄奄一息的士兵
们。

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别的动词如属被动语态也可以倒装。

In the distance could be seen the purple mountains.
远处可以见到紫色的山。

主语如是代词则不能倒装：

At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky.
它背衬青天矗立在山顶
上。


有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或 者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密，
就将表语和地
点状语
(
多为介词短语
)
置于句首，谓语动词也常置于主语前，构成完全倒装。如：

By the door stood an armed guard.
门口站着一名手持武器的士兵。
At the next t
able was a pretty girl waiting for someone.
隔壁桌上坐着一个等人的漂亮姑娘。

Among these people was his friend Jim.
他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。

By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.
窗户边坐着一个年
轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。

At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is
in the book.
书的前部有目录，详列了书中的容。

*4.
有时为了强调表语，构成“表语
+
连系动词
+
主语”结构；

eg: Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader.=She who was chosen to be a leader
is lucky.
Gone are the days when women were looked down upon!
The days when women were looked down upon are gone!
表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。

如：
Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat
．

直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时
,
如果主语是名词
,
有时也用倒装。

“Let’s go,” said the man

*5
、在某些表示愿望的感叹句，全倒装
。

Long live the People's Republic of China! May you be happy.

在以下结构中用部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分 如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。
如果句中的谓语没有助动词
或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does
或
did
，并将其置于主语之前。

1.
用于疑问句中。如：

1) How are you doing
﹖
2) Did you see the film yesterday
﹖

2.
含
有
否
定
或
半
否
定
意
义
的
词
语
（
如
：
not,never,
seldom,hardly
,little,scarcely,barely
,few…）
；或者含有否定意义的连词
（not only…but also.
., neither..nor..,
no sooner
had
…than.
..
（一。
。
。就。< br>。
。
）
，

scarely..than..,
Hardly
had
when
.., not until...;no wher
等）
；或否定意义的介词词
.
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组（
by
no
means(
决不
),in
no
caseway
（任何情况下都不）
,with
no
method,
at
no
time
（决不）
, on no account
（决不）
,under no circumstancescondi tion...
（任何情况下
都不）
）位于句首
eg:
I have never seen him before.=Never have I seen him before.
Not a word did he say when he left. Seldom/Scarecely does he go to that park.
Hardly(
几乎不。
。
。
) do I speak to him. Little English can he speak.
Little does he realize the importance of the meeting. Few people did I see in
the street.
含有否定意义的连词
：

eg
：
1)Not
only
can
he

play
basketball,
but
also
I
can. 2
）
No
sooner
had
we
arrived
home than it began to rain. 3
）
Hardly
had we met
our friends when the train
left.
4
）
Not until the baby fell asleep
did the mother leave
the room.(
主句倒装，从句
不倒装
)
=The mother didn’t leave the room until the baby fell asleep.

注意
：
1)Not only...but also...
必须连接两个分句时，
才使用部分倒装。
而且只倒装
not only
后的分句。如果连接的是两个并列词语，不用倒装结构。如：
Not only his fath
er but also I like reading.
not only…but also…前后连接两个句子时，
not only
后
的句子要用部分倒装，但
but also
后的分句不用倒装。如：

Not only did he come, but he saw her.
他不仅来了，而且还见到了她。

Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.
他不仅是一位教师，而且是一
位诗人。

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.
不仅他讲得
更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。

Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief
introduction to the history of Western brass instruments.
他们不但做了音乐表
演，而且简短地介绍了西方铜管乐器的历史。


2)Hardly...when..., Scarcely...than..., No soo ner...than...
意义基本相同，它们连
接的句子，都只倒装前一个分句，及“前倒 后不倒（装）”。

3)
当
not
until
（直到。< br>。
。才）引导主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不用倒装，或者可以理
解为“后倒前不倒（ 装）”。

1. Not only ___, but he himself was badly beaten up.
A. was he robbed everything he had
B. everything he had was robbed of
C. had everything he had been robbed of
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D. was he robbed of everything he had
2.
I
finally
was
admitted
to
Beijing
University.
Never
in
all
my
life
___
so
happy.
A. I felt B. did I feel C. I had felt D. had I felt
3. No sooner ___ to sleep than the telephone rang once more.
A. she went B. she had gone C. did she go D. had she gone
4. Hardly ___ to write the composition when the bell ___.
A. had I begun; rang B. I was beginning; rang
C. had I begun; was ringing D. I will begin; rings
5. Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know
B. man know

C. didn't man know
D. did man know

含有否定意义的介词词组：

如：
By no means should we tell lies. On no account should we let him leave.
At no time
决不
will I
get married to
you. In
[Under] no circumstances will I lend
money to him.
注意：
in no time(
立即，马上
)
位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：

In no time he worked out the problem.
他马上就算出了那道题。

+
副词；或介词短语；或状语从句时，主句倒装；

eg: Only in this way
can you
use the computer well.
（
only+
介词短语）

Only yesterday
did he
find out that his watch was missing.
（
only+
副词）

Only when it began to rain
did he
finish his job.
（
only+
状语从句）

按英语习惯同，当“
o nly+
状语”位于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装。如：

Only then did he realize that he was wrong.
到那时他才意识到他错了。

Only in this way can our honour be saved.
只有这样，才能保住我们的荣誉。

Only after her death was I able to appreciate her.
只有到她死后我才认识到她的价
值。

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.
当他回到家里时
,
才知道出了什么事。

Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.
他只有叫喊才能让别人听到
他。

Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged.
我们只
是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。

Only on one point do I agree with you.
只有一点，我同意你的说法。

1.
Only then _________ how much damage had been caused.

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A.
she realized

B.
she had realized

C.
had she realized
D.
did she realize
2.
Only after my friend came _________.

A.
did the computer repaired

C.
was the computer repaired

B.
be repaired the computer

D.
the computer was repaired
特别说明：有时命题者不是利用位于句首的“
only+
状语”来考查倒装，而是倒过来，
利用给定的倒装结构来考查对
o nly
的选择。如下面一题
(
答案选
A)
：

_____by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other compan
ies.
A.
Only
B.
Just
C.
Still


4.

so
用在句首，表示另一主语“也。
。
。样”时，用“So + be(ha ve,助动词或情态动词
)+
主语”结构；而表示另一主语“也不。
。
。样” 时，用“Nor
Neither
+
be(have,
助动词
或情 态动词
)+
主语”结构；注意：若是对上文同一主语的情况进行肯定时，不倒装。句
型 为“So+主语
+be
或
do
（
did
）/have ”。

eg
：
He went to school yesterday, so did I.
---David has made great progress recently. --So he has, and so have you.
eg
：
He hasn't finished his homework, and nor have I. eg :
If you won't go,

D.
Yet
neither/nor will I.
当
so
引出的句子用以对上文容加以

证实或肯定时，
不可用倒装结构。

意为“的确如此”。


1)

Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.

2) ---
It’s raining hard.



---So it is.

1. --- David has made great progress recently.

--- _______, and _______.

A. So he has so you have

B. So he has ; so have you

C. So has he so have D. So has he so you have

2. Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________.

A.
so does John

B.
John does too

D.
nor does John
C.

John doesn’t too


so…that 结构中的倒装。
有时要强调
so
所修饰的形容词或副词，
常将
so
连同它所
修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首
.
这时，主句要用部分倒装结构。如：

1)

He ran so fast that he was far ahead of others
．

→
So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others
．

So
clever
is
he
that
he
can
work
out
all
the
difficult
problems
in
the
book
．

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在
so... that…结构中，
若将
so+adj. / adv.
置于句首，
则其后的主句要用部分倒装。
如：

So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour.
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
他
讲话声音那么大，隔壁屋里的人都听得见。

So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.
类似地 ，
当
such…that…结构的
such…置于句首时，
such
后的句子也要使用部分倒装。
如：
Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him.
他像个很和蔼的人，所以我们
都喜欢他。


1.

So loudly ___ that everyone of the class

could hear him.

A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke

2. So little ___ agree on the plan that they

could not settle their differences.

A. do they B. did they

C. they did D. they did not

3.
So difficult ________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom f
or advice

A.
I did find

B.
did I find

C.
I have found

D.
have I found
4.
_________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar
for further research.

A.
so curious the couple was












the couple

C.
How curious the couple were

D.
The couple was such curious
5.

—
It
’s burning hot today, isn’t it?—
Yes. _________ yesterday.

A.
So was it

B.
So it was

C.
So it is
D.
So is it
B.
So curious were
6.

—
Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.
—
___C______, and so did I.

A.
So she had

B.
So had she

C.
So she did

D.
So did she
7.
—
Father, you promised!
—Well, ____D_____. But it was you who didn’t keep y
our word first.

A.
so was I

B.
so did I
C.
so I was
D.
so I did


作“尽管／虽然”，引导让步状语从句
(as
可以换成
though)
，由于语法需要，需要
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部分倒装。

eg
：
Shortest as/though she is, she is not the richest.(
倒装后，最高
级前不用冠词
)
Child as he is, he knows a lot.(
倒装后，单数名词前不用
a)
Fail as I did, I would try again.(
倒装后，实义动词提前，在主语后添加助动词。
)
Hard as he tried, he didn't pass the exam.(
副词提到句首
)
注意：
though
位于句首引导让步状语从句时，可以倒装，也可以不倒装。但as
引导让步状
语从句时
,
必须使用倒装。
否则就变成了原因状 语从句。
eg
：
As
he
is
too
young,
he
couldn't
go to school.

注意：
1)
句首名词不能带任何冠词。

2)
句首是实义动词
,
其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语
,

随实义动词
一起放在句首。


6.
若
if
引导的虚拟条件句中有
were, had, should
时，

可将
if
省略，把
were, had ,
should
放在句首。
1)
Should it rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.=If it
should rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball. 2)Had I prepared well, I
couldn't have lost the job.
If I had prepared well, I couldn't have lost the job.
3) Were he to come tomorrow, I would go to meet him at the airport.
=If he were to come tomorrow, I would go to meet him at the airport.
7.
强调进行时态的现在分词


His
jacket
was
hanging
next
to
his
seat.→Hanging
next
to
his
seat
was
his
jacket.

Standing on the platform was a professor
8.
非谓语动词置于句首的倒装

有时为了强调，
可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，
从而构成倒装。
如：

Buried in the sands was an ancient village.
一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。

Standing beside the table was his wife.
站在桌旁的是他的妻子。

To be carefully considered are the following questions.
下列问题要仔细考虑。

9.
倒装句中的主谓一致

在“副词
here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away
等、作状语或表语的介
词短语或分词短语＋谓语动词＋主语”的倒装结构中 ，谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语
决定。

On the wall hang two maps.
墙上挂着两地图。

On the wall hangs a world of map.
墙上挂着一世界地图。

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