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mean的用法高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

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2021-01-27 01:14
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mean的用法-siman

2021年1月27日发(作者:ill)
高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

1
高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

2
第一类

3
第二类

4
第三类

5
第四类

6 wish

as if
引导的虚拟

7
注意事项:

高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理
-
高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理

概述



英语的 动词有三种语气形式,
即陈述语气、
祈使语气

虚拟语气

陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询
问,可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中;祈使语气用于表示请 求、命令、建议或警告等。




虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特 殊形式,
用来表达假设、
主观愿望、
猜测、
建议、
可能或空想等非真 实情况。
如:




He is honest.
他很诚实。

(陈述语气)




Don

t be late next time.
下次别迟到。

(祈使语气)




If I
were
you

I would not go.
我要是你,我就不会去。

(虚拟语气)





I wish I
had
a lot of money.
要是我有很多很多钱就好了。

(虚拟语气)





高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理
-
第一类



虚拟语气在条件句中的用法:




条件句 有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。
真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的,
此时主句不用虚拟 语
气;而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想,与事实相反或不大可能会发生,此时用虚拟语气。如:




If I
have
time

I will go.
假若我有时间,我就去。

(陈述语气)

If I
were
you

I
would
go.
假若我是你,我就去。

(虚拟语气







时态类型

主句谓语形式

条件句的谓语形


例句

1. If I were you, I should
与现在事实相反

would/should/could/might+
V


动词过去式
did
*be
多用
were

study English.
2.
I
would
certainly
go
if
I
had time.
1. If you had taken my
advice, you would not have
与过去事实相反

would/should/could/might +
have done
动词过去完成式

had done
failed in the test.
2. If I had left a little
earlier,
I
would
have
caught
the train.
you came tomorrow, we
与将来事实相反

would/should/could/might + V


①动词过去式

②should +V


③were + to do


would have the meeting. ①

2. If it were to rain
tomorrow, the meeting would
be
put off.③

*
规律 总结

从句都往过去推一
个时态,如:与现在相反的
if
从句就用过 去时;与过去相反
用过去完成时
(即过去的过去)




注:特别说明




1

l would/should/could/might
主 句谓语中的
should
主要用于第一人称后;
would
表示结果还表示过
去经常常常做某事,
might
表示可能性,
could
表示能力、 允许或可能性。比较:




If you tried again

you would succeed.
要是你再试一试,你就会成功的。

(would
表结果
)



If you tried again

you might succeed.
要是你再试一试,你可能会成功的。

(might
表可能
)



If you tried again

you could succeed.
要是你再试一试,你就能成功了。
(could
表能力
)



2

错综时间虚拟条件句

即条件从句与主句 所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将
来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提 到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整:




If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.
要是昨晚下过雨的话,现在地面就会是
湿的。




You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.
假若你当时听我的话,你现在就会好多
了。




3

If
虚拟条件句的
否定
(含蓄条件句)

常考两个句型:
If it weren

t for
?和
If it hadn

t been
for
?,
其意为“若不是
(

)


“要不是”。如:




If it weren

t for water, no plant could grow.
要是没有水植物就无法生长。




If it hadn

t been for your assistance

we wouldn

t have succeeded.



=But for your assistance

we wouldn

t have succeeded.



=Without your assistance

we wouldn

t have succeeded.



4

If
虚拟条件句的
倒装
形式,即把
were, had, should
置于句首。例:




Were I in school again (= If I were in school again), I would work harder.



Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,
?
)
高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理
-
第二类



使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句:




1.*wish

hope
接宾语从句的区 别在于:
hope
表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气。
wish
表示很难或不大可能实现的希望
,
宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较:





1

We hope they will come. (We don

t know if they can come.)




2

We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.)



only

I wish
一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与
wish
后所接时态
的情况相同





If only she had had more courage!
她再勇敢一些就好了。




If only I had listened to my parents!
我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。




If only she would go with me!
她要是愿意和我一道去就好了
!



*if only
通常独立使用,没有主句。




3.l would rather
后句子用虚拟语气

只分现在和过去





would rather, would sooner, would just as soon
后的
that
从句中
,
句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语
气,

表示
"
宁愿做什么
"
,具体用法为:






一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望




I

d rather you went tomorrow (now).
我宁愿你明天
(
现在
)
去。






用过去完成时表过去的愿望




I

d rather you hadn

t said it.
我真希望你没有这样说过。




4.l as if (though)
从句用虚拟语气





as if (as though
)
引导的
方式状语 从句
或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气
,
则与
wish
用法相同,例:< br>



He acts as if he knew me.
他显得认识我似的。




They treat me as though I were a stranger.
他们待我如陌生人。




He talks as if he had been abroad.
他说起话来好像曾经出过国。




注:
两点说明




(1)
从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实,也可用陈述语气:




It looks as if we

ll be late.
我们似乎要迟到了。




(2)
注意

It isn

t as if
?
的翻译:




It isn

t as if he were poor.
他不像穷的样子
(
或他又不穷
)


高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理
-
第三类



从句中
should+
动词原形,
should
可省略




1.


lest

for fear that
(
以免
) ,
in ca se
(
以防
)
引导的
目的状语从句
中的虚拟语气




She walked quietly lest she
(should)
wake up her roommates.
她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。




2.
表应当做

值得做

一类动词后的宾语从句




建议
advise, suggest, propose, recommend
命令
order, command



请求
ask, demand, require, request
指示
direct



敦促
urge
提议
move, vote



希望
desire
坚持
insist



打算
intend
安排
arrange



例如:




I insisted that he
(should)
stay.
我坚持要他留下。




He urged that they go to Europe.
他敦促他们到
欧洲
去。




He suggested that we
should
leave early.
他建议我们早点动身。




He ordered that it
(should)
be sent back.
他命令把它送回去。




I ask that he leave.
我要求他走开。




He requires that I
(should)
appear.
他要求我出场。




I move that we accept the proposal.
我提议通过这项提案。




He arranged that I should go abroad.
他安排我去国外。




She desires that he do it.
她希望他做此事。

mean的用法-siman


mean的用法-siman


mean的用法-siman


mean的用法-siman


mean的用法-siman


mean的用法-siman


mean的用法-siman


mean的用法-siman



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