sufferingsUnit One Greek and Roman Mythology 英语阅读 2 第1单元希腊罗马文化

2021年1月26日发(作者：aotu)
Unit

One



Greek and Roman Mythology
Pre-reading Questions

1. The Greek and Roman mythologies have fascinated human beings for centuries. Name some of
your favorite myths and tell your classmates why you like them.
2. Are there any similarities or differences between Greek and Roman myths? If so, what are they?

Chaos : a goddess Eurynome
Eurynome's consort is Ophion

in the beginning, Eurynome and Ophion ruled everything together from Mt. Olympus, but were
supplanted by Cronus and Rhea.

The Erinnyes (in English, the Furies)
Tisiphone, the Avenger

Megara, the Jealous

Alecto, the Unresting

The Charites
The Charites (or the Graces) were three happy Goddesses of Beauty. They were named:

Aglaia, Splendor

Euphrosyne, Mirth

Thalia, Good Cheer
Gaia, called Earth

She is from whom everything comes, but she is not quite a divinity, because she is Earth.
当时人类都是男性，
对于潘多拉都很好奇。< br>普罗米修斯和弟弟因为违反了天条，
当时留在了
人间。
普罗米修斯猜到潘多拉的 到来是宙斯的阴谋，
于是告诫人们远离她。
大家都很崇拜普
罗米修斯，听从了他的告诫 。潘多拉因此在人间流浪了很多年，也没有完成任务。

后来，
普罗米修斯的弟弟终于 忍不住了，
忘记了哥哥的话，
被潘多拉所吸引。
当他靠近潘多拉的一
刹那，潘 多拉打开了盒子，疾病、灾难、罪恶、贪婪等等从盒子中飞出，从此人类不再只有
幸福。
当希望 要从盒子中飞出时，
潘多拉却永久地关上了盒子，
于是人们一生都在追寻希望。

“潘多拉魔盒”或“潘多拉的盒子”用来代指惹事的根源，也指罪恶的来源。

Hercules utters these words to the Titan --
The soul of man can never be enslaved
Save by its own infirmities, nor freed
Save by its very strength and own resolve
And constant vision and supreme endeavor!
You will be free? Then, courage, O my brother!
O let the soul stand in the open door
Of life and death and knowledge and desire
And see the peaks of thought kindle with sunrise!
Then shall the soul return to rest no more,
Nor harvest dreams in the dark field of sleep -

Rather the soul shall go with great resolve
To dwell at last upon the shining mountains
In liberal converse with the eternal stars.
Thereupon he kills the eagle; and sets Jove's victim free.

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海格立斯向提坦巨人说：


人的灵魂永远不能被征服－－－

除非自身变得脆弱；也永远不能得解放－－－

除非自身充满决心和力量，以及

不稍亏的目光和无以复加的努力！

想自由吗？那就鼓起勇气，我的兄弟！

啊！让灵魂站在生与死，知与欲

敞开的门扉前，

见到旭日点燃思想的顶峰！

Oedipus
Laius

the horsemen of King Polybus of Corinth found the child

the king‘s wife Periboea

Oedipus complex

In psychoanalytic theory, the term Oedipus complex denote the emotions and ideas that the mind
keeps in the unconscious, via dynamic repression, that concentrate upon a boy‘s desire to sexually
possess his mother, and kill his father.
The
Oedipus
complex
occurs
in
the
third
—

phallic
stage
(ages
3
–
6)
—

of
five
psychosexual
development stages
Criticism
Contemporary psychoanalysts accept the universality of the Oedipus complex to different degrees;
Hans Keller proposed it is so
“
at least in Western societies
”
; and others consider that ethnologists
民族学家

already have established its temporal and geographic universality.

Nonetheless, few psychoanalysts disagree that the ―child then entered an Oedipal phase . . . [which]
involved
an
acute
awareness
of
a
complicated
trian
gle
involving
mother,
father,
and
child‖
and
that ―both positive and negative Oedipal themes are typically observable in development‖.

Despite evidence of parent
–
child conflict, the evolutionary psychologists Martin Daly and Margo
Wilson
note
that
it
is
not
for
sexual
possession
of
the
opposite
sex-parent;
thus,
in
Homicide
(1988),
they
proposed
that
the
Oedipus
complex
yields
few
testable
predictions,
because
they
found no evidence of the Oedipus complex in people.

Anouchka
Grose
said
that
―a
large
number

of
people,
these
days
believe
that
Freud‘s
Oedipus
complex is defunct . . . ?disproven‘, or simply found unnecessary, sometime in the last century‖.


Grose said that ―the Oedipus complex isn‘t really like that. It‘s more a way of explaining how
human bein
gs are socialised . . . learning to deal with disappointment‖.

Echo and Narcissus
Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Diagnostic Features:
Narcissistic
personality
disorder
is
a
condition
characterized
by
an
inflated
sense
of
self-importance, need for admiration, extreme self-involvement, and lack of empathy for others.

Individuals with this disorder are usually arrogantly self- assured and confident. They expect to be
noticed as superior. Many highly successful individuals might be considered narcissistic. However,

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